Add regression tests for phpstan/phpstan#11284 and phpstan/phpstan#7806

Both issues involve variables in try/catch blocks not being properly
tracked - #11284 for by-reference parameters and #7806 for preg_match
matches. These are also fixed by the throw point scope fix in #5240.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: phpstan-bot

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/DefinedVariableRuleTest.php

@@ -1432,6 +1432,26 @@ public function testBug14318(): void
 		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-14318.php'], []);
 	}
 
+	public function testBug11284(): void
+	{
+		$this->cliArgumentsVariablesRegistered = true;
+		$this->polluteScopeWithLoopInitialAssignments = false;
+		$this->checkMaybeUndefinedVariables = true;
+		$this->polluteScopeWithAlwaysIterableForeach = true;
+
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-11284.php'], []);
+	}
+
+	public function testBug7806(): void
+	{
+		$this->cliArgumentsVariablesRegistered = true;
+		$this->polluteScopeWithLoopInitialAssignments = false;
+		$this->checkMaybeUndefinedVariables = true;
+		$this->polluteScopeWithAlwaysIterableForeach = true;
+
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-7806.php'], []);
+	}
+
 	#[RequiresPhp('>= 8.0')]
 	public function testBug14274(): void
 	{

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/data/bug-11284.php

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace Bug11284;
+
+class HelloWorld
+{
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string> $err
+	 * @throws \RuntimeException
+	 */
+	public function maybeThrows(array &$err): void
+	{
+		$err[] = 'error';
+		if (random_int(0, 1) === 1) {
+			throw new \RuntimeException();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function test(): void
+	{
+		$err = [];
+		try {
+			$this->maybeThrows($err);
+		} catch (\RuntimeException $e) {
+			if (!empty($err)) {
+				echo implode(', ', $err);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+}

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/data/bug-7806.php

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace Bug7806;
+
+class HelloWorld
+{
+
+	public function test(): void
+	{
+		try {
+			preg_match('/pattern/', 'subject', $reasons);
+		} catch (\Throwable $e) {
+			if (!empty($reasons)) {
+				echo implode(', ', $reasons);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+}