diff --git a/modules/billing/middlewares/.gitkeep b/modules/billing/middlewares/.gitkeep
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb..000000000
diff --git a/modules/billing/middlewares/billing.requirePlan.js b/modules/billing/middlewares/billing.requirePlan.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42e14b3c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/billing/middlewares/billing.requirePlan.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * Module dependencies
+ */
+import SubscriptionRepository from '../repositories/billing.subscription.repository.js';
+
+import responses from '../../../lib/helpers/responses.js';
+
+/**
+ * Returns Express middleware that gates access based on subscription plan.
+ * This middleware is orthogonal to CASL — CASL gates by role, requirePlan
+ * gates by subscription plan.
+ *
+ * Expects `req.organization` to be set by resolveOrganization upstream.
+ *
+ * @param {...string} plans - One or more allowed plan identifiers.
+ * @returns {Function} Express middleware function.
+ */
+function requirePlan(...plans) {
+  return async function requirePlanMiddleware(req, res, next) {
+    if (!req.organization) {
+      return responses.error(res, 403, 'Forbidden', 'Organization context is required to check subscription plan')();
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const subscription = await SubscriptionRepository.findByOrganization(req.organization._id);
+      const currentPlan = subscription?.plan || 'free';
+
+      if (plans.includes(currentPlan)) return next();
+
+      return responses.error(res, 403, 'Forbidden', 'Your current plan does not allow access to this resource')({
+        type: 'PLAN_REQUIRED',
+        requiredPlans: plans,
+        currentPlan,
+      });
+    } catch (err) {
+      return next(err);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+export default requirePlan;
diff --git a/modules/billing/tests/billing.requirePlan.unit.tests.js b/modules/billing/tests/billing.requirePlan.unit.tests.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d81fc730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/billing/tests/billing.requirePlan.unit.tests.js
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+import { jest, describe, test, expect, beforeEach } from '@jest/globals';
+
+const mockFindByOrganization = jest.fn();
+jest.unstable_mockModule('../repositories/billing.subscription.repository.js', () => ({
+  default: { findByOrganization: mockFindByOrganization },
+}));
+
+const { default: requirePlan } = await import('../middlewares/billing.requirePlan.js');
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for the requirePlan middleware.
+ */
+describe('requirePlan middleware unit tests:', () => {
+  const fakeOrgId = new mongoose.Types.ObjectId();
+
+  /**
+   * @desc Build a minimal Express-like req object
+   * @param {Object} overrides - Properties to merge onto the request
+   * @returns {Object} mock request
+   */
+  function mockReq(overrides = {}) {
+    return {
+      organization: { _id: fakeOrgId, name: 'Test Org' },
+      ...overrides,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @desc Build a minimal Express-like res object with spies
+   * @returns {Object} mock response
+   */
+  function mockRes() {
+    const res = {};
+    res.status = jest.fn().mockReturnValue(res);
+    res.json = jest.fn().mockReturnValue(res);
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  test('should call next when subscription plan matches the required plan', async () => {
+    mockFindByOrganization.mockResolvedValue({ plan: 'pro' });
+
+    const middleware = requirePlan('pro');
+    const req = mockReq();
+    const res = mockRes();
+    const next = jest.fn();
+
+    await middleware(req, res, next);
+
+    expect(next).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(res.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test('should call next when subscription plan is in multiple allowed plans', async () => {
+    mockFindByOrganization.mockResolvedValue({ plan: 'starter' });
+
+    const middleware = requirePlan('starter', 'pro', 'enterprise');
+    const req = mockReq();
+    const res = mockRes();
+    const next = jest.fn();
+
+    await middleware(req, res, next);
+
+    expect(next).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(res.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test('should return 403 when subscription plan does not match', async () => {
+    mockFindByOrganization.mockResolvedValue({ plan: 'free' });
+
+    const middleware = requirePlan('pro', 'enterprise');
+    const req = mockReq();
+    const res = mockRes();
+    const next = jest.fn();
+
+    await middleware(req, res, next);
+
+    expect(next).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(403);
+    expect(res.json).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ type: 'error', message: 'Forbidden' }));
+  });
+
+  test('should default to free plan when no subscription exists', async () => {
+    mockFindByOrganization.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    const middleware = requirePlan('free');
+    const req = mockReq();
+    const res = mockRes();
+    const next = jest.fn();
+
+    await middleware(req, res, next);
+
+    expect(next).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(res.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test('should return 403 when no subscription exists and free is not allowed', async () => {
+    mockFindByOrganization.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    const middleware = requirePlan('pro');
+    const req = mockReq();
+    const res = mockRes();
+    const next = jest.fn();
+
+    await middleware(req, res, next);
+
+    expect(next).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(403);
+  });
+
+  test('should return 403 when organization is missing from request', async () => {
+    const middleware = requirePlan('pro');
+    const req = mockReq({ organization: undefined });
+    const res = mockRes();
+    const next = jest.fn();
+
+    await middleware(req, res, next);
+
+    expect(next).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(res.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(403);
+    expect(res.json).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ type: 'error', message: 'Forbidden' }));
+    expect(mockFindByOrganization).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});