Remove old schema v1 syntax

[simolus3]

The Table constructor supports two syntax variants:

1. A deprecated v1 variant where columns and indices are passed as arrays.
2. The v2 variant we use by default everywhere, using JS objects to declare column names and types.

Since the v1 variant is deprecated and a comment explains that it'll be removed in the next major release, now is the time for that. This PR:

• Removes explicit v2 names (like TableV2Options), replacing them with plain names (TableOptions).
• Removes the v1 syntax from the Table constructor.

The ability to construct a table from an array of columns is still useful, however:

• In the diagnostics client, creating a schema through table arrays is simpler than having to construct records.
• We have to represent tables as columns arrays at some point, as that's the format expected by the core extension.

So, this adds ResolvedTable as an advanced class representing columns the old way. This kind of weakens the idea of removing v1 variants, but I think being explicit about the way tables are constructed (instead of allowing both styles on the same constructor) is a decent simplification already.

AI use: I used Claude Code to help migrate a helper types and demos.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3fe3cd9

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@powersync/attachments	Major
@powersync/react-native	Major
@powersync/common	Major
@powersync/web	Major
@powersync/capacitor	Major
@powersync/node	Major
@powersync/nuxt	Major
@powersync/adapter-sql-js	Patch
@powersync/attachments-storage-react-native	Major
@powersync/drizzle-driver	Major
@powersync/kysely-driver	Major
@powersync/op-sqlite	Major
@powersync/react	Major
@powersync/tanstack-react-query	Major
@powersync/vue	Major
@powersync/diagnostics-app	Patch

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