[EXPERIMENTAL] Add RV32-IM backend by hanno-becker · Pull Request #1119 · pq-code-package/mldsa-native

hanno-becker · 2026-05-15T05:51:34Z

This commit adds an experimental arithmetic backend for RISCV32-IM:

The backend includes:

A 2+2+2+2 forward NTT
A 2+2+2+2 inverse NTT
A poly-poly base multiplication (but not vector-vector)

The modular arithmetic is implemented via textbook Montgomery multiplication using mul/mulh and subject to the usual bounds.

oqs-bot · 2026-05-15T06:19:07Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (198 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1679s	1532s	+9.6%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	207s	178s	+16%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	171s	158s	+8%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	115s	110s	+5%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	113s	104s	+9%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	85s	74s	+15%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	45s	42s	+7%
`fqmul`	✅	32s	29s	+10%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	29s	27s	+7%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	23s	25s	-8%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	21s	19s	+11%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	21s	17s	+24%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	20s	19s	+5%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	19s	15s	+27%
`rej_uniform`	✅	19s	19s	+0%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	16s	14s	+14%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	15s	14s	+7%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	14s	14s	+0%
`poly_add`	✅	13s	12s	+8%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	13s	6s	+117%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	13s	10s	+30%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	13s	8s	+62%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	13s	9s	+44%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	11s	12s	-8%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	✅	10s	9s	+11%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	10s	9s	+11%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	9s	4s	+125%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	9s	6s	+50%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	8s	10s	-20%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	8s	3s	+167%
`sign`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_power2round`	✅	7s	9s	-22%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`poly_uniform`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`sign_open`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`fqscale`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	9s	-44%
`poly_challenge`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`rej_eta`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`shake256_release`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`sign_keypair`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`make_hint`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_h`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_caddq`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`decompose`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`power2round`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake128_release`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_init`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`caddq`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_ntt`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_sub`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyz_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`use_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`yvec_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_init`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	2s	-50%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-15T06:19:44Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (198 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1454s	1502s	-3.2%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	173s	189s	-8%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	105s	113s	-7%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	105s	112s	-6%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	93s	88s	+6%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	80s	78s	+3%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	44s	45s	-2%
`fqmul`	✅	28s	30s	-7%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	28s	26s	+8%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	23s	-4%
`rej_uniform`	✅	21s	20s	+5%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	20s	19s	+5%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	19s	19s	+0%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	16s	15s	+7%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	16s	17s	-6%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	14s	16s	-12%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	13s	15s	-13%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	13s	12s	+8%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	12s	13s	-8%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	11s	10s	+10%
`poly_add`	✅	10s	11s	-9%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	9s	10s	-10%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	7s	2s	+250%
`poly_power2round`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_uniform`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	7s	11s	-36%
`sign`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`sign_open`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`poly_challenge`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	6s	8s	-25%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`rej_eta`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`yvec_init`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_ntt`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	4s	8s	-50%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`mld_h`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake128_init`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_keypair`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`decompose`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`fqscale`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	7s	-71%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_decompose`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`power2round`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`caddq`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccak_init`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`shake256_release`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	1s	2s	-50%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-15T06:19:46Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (198 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1519s	1514s	+0.3%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	180s	175s	+3%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	130s	131s	-1%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	107s	104s	+3%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	107s	108s	-1%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	73s	75s	-3%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	44s	45s	-2%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	42s	40s	+5%
`fqmul`	✅	28s	27s	+4%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	27s	27s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	23s	21s	+10%
`rej_uniform`	✅	20s	19s	+5%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	19s	17s	+12%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	16s	15s	+7%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	16s	16s	+0%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	15s	16s	-6%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	14s	13s	+8%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	13s	15s	-13%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	12s	9s	+33%
`poly_add`	✅	10s	10s	+0%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	9s	10s	-10%
`sign`	✅	9s	11s	-18%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	8s	6s	+33%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`poly_power2round`	✅	8s	10s	-20%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	8s	8s	+0%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	7s	9s	-22%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	7s	2s	+250%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	6s	8s	-25%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`decompose`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`mld_h`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_keypair`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`sign_verify`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_challenge`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_caddq`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_reduce`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_uniform`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_pack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`power2round`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_init`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_open`	✅	3s	8s	-62%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`yvec_init`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`fqscale`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_init`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_decompose`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_sub`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`shake256`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_release`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`caddq`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`poly_ntt`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake128_init`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	2s	-50%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-15T06:21:16Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44)

Full Results (198 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1704s	1698s	+0.4%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	256s	257s	-0%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	121s	124s	-2%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	95s	95s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	92s	96s	-4%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	79s	80s	-1%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	58s	56s	+4%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	45s	42s	+7%
`fqmul`	✅	29s	28s	+4%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	29s	29s	+0%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	29s	27s	+7%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	28s	28s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	22s	+0%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	20s	18s	+11%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	19s	16s	+19%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	16s	17s	-6%
`rej_uniform`	✅	16s	18s	-11%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	15s	16s	-6%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	14s	13s	+8%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	14s	14s	+0%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	✅	13s	14s	-7%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	13s	13s	+0%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	13s	16s	-19%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	12s	16s	-25%
`poly_add`	✅	12s	12s	+0%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	12s	13s	-8%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	12s	14s	-14%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	11s	8s	+38%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	10s	6s	+67%
`poly_power2round`	✅	10s	7s	+43%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	9s	9s	+0%
`sign`	✅	9s	6s	+50%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	8s	9s	-11%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`poly_ntt`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`power2round`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`unpack_sk`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`caddq`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`decompose`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`fqscale`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_h`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_caddq`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_challenge`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_reduce`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_sub`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_uniform`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_pack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`rej_eta`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_keypair`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_open`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`yvec_init`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_init`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`make_hint`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	3s	8s	-62%
`shake256`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256_init`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`sign_signature`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	3s	7s	-57%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`sign_verify`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_init`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake256_release`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-15T06:21:30Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87)

Full Results (198 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	2022s	1932s	+4.7%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	267s	237s	+13%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	175s	170s	+3%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	127s	118s	+8%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	103s	96s	+7%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	100s	93s	+8%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	97s	90s	+8%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	78s	71s	+10%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	62s	60s	+3%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	52s	52s	+0%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	46s	42s	+10%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	39s	36s	+8%
`fqmul`	✅	29s	27s	+7%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	✅	24s	25s	-4%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	25s	-12%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	22s	21s	+5%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	18s	17s	+6%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	18s	18s	+0%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	17s	16s	+6%
`rej_uniform`	✅	16s	16s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	15s	16s	-6%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	15s	15s	+0%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	15s	12s	+25%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	12s	10s	+20%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`poly_add`	✅	11s	10s	+10%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	11s	12s	-8%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	11s	11s	+0%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	10s	11s	-9%
`sign`	✅	10s	8s	+25%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	9s	8s	+12%
`poly_uniform`	✅	8s	4s	+100%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`poly_power2round`	✅	7s	9s	-22%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	7s	4s	+75%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	7s	3s	+133%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	6s	5s	+20%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`sign_keypair`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`sign_open`	✅	6s	4s	+50%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`make_hint`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_challenge`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`shake256`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`caddq`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`decompose`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_h`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	8s	-50%
`sign_verify`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_ntt`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`poly_sub`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`unpack_sk`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`use_hint`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccak_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	6s	-67%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_caddq`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_reduce`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`polyz_pack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`power2round`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`shake128_release`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`shake256_init`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`yvec_init`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`fqscale`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`reduce32`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake256_release`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

oqs-bot · 2026-05-15T06:21:47Z

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65)

Full Results (198 proofs)

Proof	Status	Current	Previous	Change
`TOTAL`	✅	1878s	1911s	-1.7%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c`	✅	277s	284s	-2%
`polyvec_matrix_expand`	✅	146s	146s	+0%
`rej_uniform_native`	✅	122s	121s	+1%
`mld_invntt_layer`	✅	93s	94s	-1%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_c`	✅	93s	96s	-3%
`mld_ct_memcmp`	✅	73s	76s	-4%
`mld_attempt_signature_generation`	✅	66s	71s	-7%
`sign_verify_internal`	✅	54s	55s	-2%
`sign_signature_internal`	✅	47s	45s	+4%
`mld_ntt_layer`	✅	42s	43s	-2%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec`	✅	29s	28s	+4%
`fqmul`	✅	28s	30s	-7%
`polyvec_matrix_expand_serial`	✅	25s	25s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute_native`	✅	22s	22s	+0%
`rej_uniform_c`	✅	19s	20s	-5%
`poly_chknorm_c`	✅	15s	15s	+0%
`polyveck_decompose`	✅	15s	14s	+7%
`rej_uniform`	✅	15s	17s	-12%
`mld_ntt_butterfly_block`	✅	14s	15s	-7%
`polyt0_unpack`	✅	13s	14s	-7%
`compute_pack_t0_t1`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`poly_add`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`poly_uniform_4x`	✅	12s	11s	+9%
`poly_uniform_eta_4x`	✅	12s	14s	-14%
`polyveck_chknorm`	✅	11s	9s	+22%
`mld_check_pct`	✅	10s	11s	-9%
`polyvecl_ntt`	✅	10s	10s	+0%
`keccak_absorb_once_x4`	✅	9s	10s	-10%
`poly_power2round`	✅	9s	7s	+29%
`poly_invntt_tomont_c`	✅	8s	7s	+14%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	8s	4s	+100%
`keccak_absorb`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`mld_compute_pack_z`	✅	7s	5s	+40%
`mld_keccakf1600_permute_c`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyveck_caddq`	✅	7s	7s	+0%
`polyveck_ntt`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`sign`	✅	7s	8s	-12%
`sign_pk_from_sk`	✅	7s	6s	+17%
`unpack_sk_s1hat`	✅	7s	2s	+250%
`intt_native_aarch64`	✅	6s	3s	+100%
`mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix`	✅	6s	2s	+200%
`poly_decompose_c`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`polyveck_invntt_tomont`	✅	6s	7s	-14%
`sign_signature_extmu`	✅	6s	6s	+0%
`keccak_init`	✅	5s	1s	+400%
`mld_h`	✅	5s	5s	+0%
`mld_sample_s1_s2`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`pointwise_acc_native_aarch64`	✅	5s	9s	-44%
`pointwise_native_x86_64`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_sub`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`poly_uniform`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`poly_uniform_eta`	✅	5s	6s	-17%
`polyeta_pack`	✅	5s	2s	+150%
`rej_eta_native`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`shake256_absorb`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_keypair`	✅	5s	3s	+67%
`sign_verify_extmu`	✅	5s	7s	-29%
`unpack_sk_t0hat`	✅	5s	4s	+25%
`caddq`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`keccak_squeezeblocks_x4`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`keccakf1600_permute`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`mld_sample_s1_s2_serial`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`pack_sk_s1`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`pointwise_acc_native_x86_64`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`pointwise_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`poly_caddq_c`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_caddq_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`poly_challenge`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_chknorm_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_chknorm_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_decompose_native`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont`	✅	4s	7s	-43%
`poly_ntt_native`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_shiftl`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`poly_uniform_gamma1`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_uniform_gamma1_4x`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`poly_use_hint`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`poly_use_hint_native_aarch64`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyt1_pack`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyveck_unpack_eta`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_chknorm`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`polyvecl_pack_eta`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`polyw1_pack`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`polyz_unpack_c`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`power2round`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`shake128_squeeze`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`shake128x4_absorb_once`	✅	4s	1s	+300%
`sig_unpack_hints`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`sign_keypair_internal`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_open`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_signature`	✅	4s	5s	-20%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	3s	+33%
`sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256`	✅	4s	4s	+0%
`sign_verify_pre_hash_internal`	✅	4s	6s	-33%
`sk_t0hat_get_poly`	✅	4s	2s	+100%
`fqscale`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600_permute_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian)`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_permute`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`mld_ct_sel_int32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`mld_value_barrier_u32`	✅	3s	1s	+200%
`montgomery_reduce`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`pack_sig_h`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_caddq_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_decompose`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_invntt_tomont_native`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_ntt`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`poly_use_hint_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyeta_unpack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyt1_unpack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyveck_pack_w1`	✅	3s	5s	-40%
`polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`polyvecl_unpack_eta`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyvecl_unpack_z`	✅	3s	6s	-50%
`polyz_pack`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`polyz_unpack`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64`	✅	3s	7s	-57%
`reduce32`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`rej_eta_c`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake128_absorb`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`shake256_init`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`shake256_release`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sign_verify`	✅	3s	4s	-25%
`sk_s2hat_get_poly`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`sys_check_capability`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`unpack_sk`	✅	3s	7s	-57%
`unpack_sk_s2hat`	✅	3s	2s	+50%
`yvec_get_poly`	✅	3s	3s	+0%
`decompose`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`intt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`keccak_squeeze`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian)`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`make_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_abs_i32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`mld_polymat_expand_entry`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`ntt_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`ntt_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`nttunpack_native_x86_64`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`pack_sig_c`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`pack_sig_z`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_caddq`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`poly_ntt_c`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`poly_pointwise_montgomery_native`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`poly_reduce`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`poly_use_hint_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyt0_pack`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyveck_pack_eta`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyveck_reduce`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyvecl_uniform_gamma1`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`polyz_unpack_native`	✅	2s	4s	-50%
`rej_eta`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake128_init`	✅	2s	1s	+100%
`shake128x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`shake256_finalize`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256_squeeze`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256x4_absorb_once`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`shake256x4_squeezeblocks`	✅	2s	3s	-33%
`sk_s1hat_get_poly`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`unpack_pk_t1`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`use_hint`	✅	2s	2s	+0%
`yvec_init`	✅	2s	5s	-60%
`keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`keccak_finalize`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes`	✅	1s	1s	+0%
`keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32`	✅	1s	4s	-75%
`mld_value_barrier_i64`	✅	1s	5s	-80%
`mld_value_barrier_u8`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`poly_chknorm`	✅	1s	3s	-67%
`shake128_finalize`	✅	1s	2s	-50%
`shake128_release`	✅	1s	3s	-67%

This commit adds an experimental arithmetic backend for RISCV32-IM: The backend includes: - A 2+2+2+2 forward NTT - A 2+2+2+2 inverse NTT - A poly-poly base multiplication (but not vector-vector) The modular arithmetic is implemented via textbook Montgomery multiplication using mul/mulh and subject to the usual bounds. A few changes to scripts/* are made to support the backend: - scripts/simpasm: Add `--triple=riscv32 --mattr=+m` so decoding of M-extension works - scripts/cfify: Minimal support for CFI directives for `addi sp, sp, _` and `ret` under `--arch riscv32` - scripts/autogen: Modify existing `--force-cross` to accept an explicit arch list so CI hosts without a riscv32 toolchain can still enforce coverage for the others. Signed-off-by: Hanno Becker <beckphan@amazon.co.uk>

hanno-becker force-pushed the rv32im_backend branch from 78ef84d to 0c721b5 Compare May 15, 2026 06:01

hanno-becker force-pushed the rv32im_backend branch from 9e56973 to 0df94c0 Compare May 15, 2026 07:34

hanno-becker force-pushed the rv32im_backend branch from 0df94c0 to 1e15593 Compare May 15, 2026 09:00

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[EXPERIMENTAL] Add RV32-IM backend#1119

[EXPERIMENTAL] Add RV32-IM backend#1119
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oqs-bot commented May 15, 2026 •

edited

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oqs-bot commented May 15, 2026 •

edited

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oqs-bot commented May 15, 2026 •

edited

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