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@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ The initial inlet pressure is set to $p_{\mathrm{in}} = 98100 \mathrm{Pa}$.
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The opening valve at the outlet is modeled through a prescribed outlet velocity, which increases linearly from $0 \mathrm{m/s}$ to $1 \mathrm{m/s}$ over the first $t = 5 \mathrm{s}$, and remains constant afterwards.
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This sudden valve opening generates pressure disturbances that propagate through the pipe, resulting in the characteristic **pressure wave oscillations** known as the *water hammer* phenomenon.
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## Configuration
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preCICE configuration for the 1D–3D simulation (image generated using the [precice-config-visualizer](https://precice.org/tooling-config-visualization.html)):
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- OpenFOAM (sonicLiquidFoam). A compressible OpenFOAM solver. For more information, have a look at the [OpenFOAM adapter documentation](https://precice.org/adapter-openfoam-overview.html).
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- Nutils. A Python-based finite element framework. For more information, see the [Nutils adapter documentation](https://precice.org/adapter-nutils.html).
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## Running the Simulation
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First, select which coupling you want to run. This sets the correct `precice-config.xml` symlink (by default, set to `1d3d`).
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./run.sh
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```
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## Visualization
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The output of the coupled simulation is written into the folders `fluid1d-left-nutils`, `fluid1d-right-nutils`, `fluid3d-left-openfoam`, and `fluid3d-right-openfoam`, depending on which coupling direction (`1d3d` or `3d1d`) you selected.
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Each file contains a header (commented with `#`) and time-series columns for each probe.
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### 1D domain (Nutils)
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The 1D participant writes results to a file named `probes.txt`, containing the temporal evolution of key quantities at selected spatial locations.
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-`p_out`, `u_out` → pressure and velocity at the outlet of the 1D domain
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-`p_mid`, `u_mid` → pressure and velocity at the midpoint of the 1D domain
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### Plotting outlet pressure (optional)
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To reproduce the outlet pressure time history shown in the figure below, a helper script is provided:
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images/p_outlet_<case-directory>.png
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```
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### Example visualization
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Pressure evolution at the outlet of the 3D domain during the 1D–3D water hammer simulation.
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