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@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ At this point, we should ask ourselves the following questions we've already tou
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Our answers will depend on the respective attributes of each object. Based on the table we created above to catalog information for our hypothetical research question, we can define our objects through the following attributes and relationships:
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-02.jpg" alt="Data model diagram showing three objects, Author, Work, and Publishing House with their attributes listed below. Attributes of the Author object include first name, last name, and nationality. Attributes of the Work object are given as title, language of the first edition, date of publication, publishing house, and author. Attribution of the Publishing House object are given as name, place and founding date. Arrows and rings are drawn to connect relations between the objects through the attributes. The attribute 'author' within the Work object is connected to the Author object, and the attribute 'publishing house' within the Work object is connected to the Publishing House object." caption="Figure 2. Data model showing objects, their attributes, and their relationships." %}
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-02.jpg" alt="Data model diagram showing three objects, Author, Work, and Publishing House with their attributes listed below. Attributes of the Author object include first name, last name, and nationality. Attributes of the Work object are given as title, language of the first edition, date of publication, publishing house, and author. Attribution of the Publishing House object are given as name, place and founding date. Arrows and rings are drawn to connect relations between the objects through the attributes. The attribute 'author' within the Work object is connected to the Author object, and the attribute 'publishing house' within the Work object is connected to the Publishing House object." caption="Figure 2. Our data model showing objects, their attributes, and their relationships." %}
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This now corresponds to what is generally called a 'logical data model', which allows us to more clearly define our objects and their relationships and, thus, to implement the conceptual model. Based on this diagram, we can create tables to record the characteristics of each object separately:
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You then go back to the top level and click on the **Model** tab to define your data model. To start, you add an object type by clicking on the *Add Object Type* tab. As outlined in the previous section, the conceptual model defined here includes three object types: the work, the author, and the publishing house.
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-04.jpg" alt="The Model panel and the option Add Object Type which allows us to begin defining our data model" caption="Figure 4. The Model tab and the Add Object Type option which allows us to define our data model." %}
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-04.jpg" alt="The Model panel and the option Add Object Type which allows us to begin defining our data model" caption="Figure 4. The Model tab and the Add Object Type option allows us to define our data model." %}
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Under **Name**, you can enter the name of the first object type in the dataset (for example, _Work_) and under **Descriptions** you can define its attributes. The attributes of the **Work** object type are the title, the language of the first edition, and the date of publication. To add an attribute, click on the green _add_ button. You must specify the type of value that each attribute takes: **String** (character string) for text values, such as the title of the work; **Date** for a specific format, like the date of publication, or [other](https://perma.cc/K42P-7YB7) kinds of values depending on the nature of the dataset.
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Be careful here: since the title of the work is included as an attribute in **Descriptions**, you must uncheck the **Fixed Field** option (which defines the object type according to the value given in **Name**), and instead check the **Name** box under the first attribute, i.e., the **Title**. The objects belonging to the **Work** type in the database will thus take the value given to the **Title** attribute. Once you have finished adding descriptions, click on the _Save Object Type_ button below them, and the **Work** object type will appear at the bottom of the workspace that is activated by the **Model** tab.
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-05.jpg" alt="The object type Work and its three attributes (title, language, date of publication)" caption="Figure 5. Definition of the first object type by selecting ‘Add Object Type’." %}
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-05.jpg" alt="The object type Work and its three attributes (title, language of the first edition, date of publication)" caption="Figure 5. Define the first object type by selecting ‘Add Object Type’. Then, define its attributes using 'Descriptions'." %}
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You can now create the other two object types in the model, namely the Author and the Publishing House, following the same procedure. Under **Name**, define the name of the object type (i.e., **Author**, then **Publishing house**) and under **Descriptions**, its attributes.
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Next, you will select which object types you want to use in this project. This is an important step, because it is entirely possible to enter multiple object types into a database, but without using all of them or without exploring them in the same way, depending on the specific objectives of the project. To select your object types, navigate to the **Management** tab and click on the _Edit_ option which appears on the right side of the project name.
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-08.jpg" alt="The Management panel, with the objects we created" caption="Figure 8. The **Management** panel allows to organize the project and choose which objects will be used." %}
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-08.jpg" alt="The Management panel, with the objects we created" caption="Figure 8. The **Management** panel allows you to organize the project and choose which objects will be used." %}
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In addition to the objects you define, nodegoat offers two types of pre-set objects: 'nodegoat City' and 'nodegoat Geometry'. You'll notice that these pre-set objects appear below the three object types you created previously and can be selected by clicking on the corresponding checkbox.
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The **Work** object type, as defined in the conceptual model, is now linked to the **Author** and **Publishing house** object types through its **Author** and **Publishing house** attributes. These two object types - **Author** and **Publishing house** - therefore become sources of information that can be integrated into the **Work** object type. You have thus rendered explicit the connections that were defined in the conceptual model.
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-09.jpg" alt="Example of the Author attribute with the option 'Reference: Object Type' in the drop-down menu, with the box for multiple authors selected, and a separator added as a semi-colon" caption="Figure 9. Connecting the objects through the attributes **Author** and **Publishing house** by selecting the value ‘Reference: Object Type’ from the first drop-down menu." %}
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{% include figure.html filename="en-tr-designing-database-nodegoat-09.jpg" alt="Example of the Author attribute with the option 'Reference: Object Type' in the drop-down menu, with the box for multiple authors selected, and a separator added as a semi-colon" caption="Figure 9. Connecting objects through the attributes **Author** and **Publishing house** by selecting the value ‘Reference: Object Type’ from the drop-down menu." %}
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Next, you will need to check the box **Multiple** under the **Author** attribute, in order to indicate that some works can have more than one author, as is the case of *The Intellectuals on the Road to Class Power*. You will also need to select a symbol that nodegoat will use to separate multiple authors in the same box. The most commonly used separators are `,` or `;` or else `|`, however make sure to check which data delimiter is selected for the tabular format when exporting the CSV file. If the same delimiter(s) also appears in the data, it may disrupt the structure of the exported file. For example, when a work has multiple authors, select the **Multiple** checkbox and choose a separator—such as semi-colon (;)—to separate the authors within the same cell. Make sure that this separator is different from the CSV field delimiter (usually a comma) when exporting your spreadsheet as a CSV file. In Excel or Google Sheets, choose **File** → **Save As** → **CSV** (Comma delimited) so columns are separated by commas, while each cell with multiple authors uses semi-colons to separate values within a cell.
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