Disallow calling type on Protocol

[hauntsaninja]

Fixes #16919, fixes #16890

It's possible we should not issue the diagnostic and only return object, but that may confuse users. Let's see the primer.

Should also probably disallow type[P] as well.

[JukkaL]

The websockets error is an interesting one:

        elif isinstance(message, AsyncIterable):
            ... type(message).__aiter__ ...

This is kind of reasonable, since modules can't really implement __aiter__.

Maybe we could infer that protocols with certain dunder methods can only be implemented by regular class instances, and fall back to the to the old type(x) behavior? This would imply that a module object, for example, can never be assignable to AsyncIterable.

[sterliakov]

(sorry, I got confused myself, deleted & reposted)

self.named_type('types.ModuleType') isn't the correct type here:

import types
assert type(types) is types.ModuleType

When you call type(some_module), you obtain types.ModuleType class itself, not its instance. So this union isn't type | types.ModuleType | Any, it should be type | type[ModuleType] | Any, and at this point type[ModuleType] member is redundant (it's also a type, isn't it?).

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

pydantic (https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic)
+ pydantic/dataclasses.py:266: error: "type" has no attribute "__pydantic_validator__"  [attr-defined]

scrapy (https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy)
+ scrapy/utils/python.py:268: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]

hydra-zen (https://github.com/mit-ll-responsible-ai/hydra-zen)
- src/hydra_zen/structured_configs/_implementations.py:1155: error: No overload variant of "builds" of "BuildsFn" matches argument types "type[DataclassInstance]", "dict[str, int | float | Path | DataClass_ | type[DataClass_] | ListConfig | DictConfig | Enum | Sequence[HydraSupportedType] | Mapping[Any, HydraSupportedType] | None]", "bool | None", "Literal['none', 'partial', 'all', 'object'] | None", "DataclassOptions"  [call-overload]
+ src/hydra_zen/structured_configs/_implementations.py:1155: error: No overload variant of "builds" of "BuildsFn" matches argument types "type", "dict[str, int | float | Path | DataClass_ | type[DataClass_] | ListConfig | DictConfig | Enum | Sequence[HydraSupportedType] | Mapping[Any, HydraSupportedType] | None]", "bool | None", "Literal['none', 'partial', 'all', 'object'] | None", "DataclassOptions"  [call-overload]

websockets (https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets)
+ src/websockets/legacy/protocol.py:682: error: "type" has no attribute "__aiter__" (not async iterable)  [attr-defined]
+ src/websockets/legacy/protocol.py:689: error: "type" has no attribute "__anext__"  [attr-defined]