Update jsonschema stubs to track latest changes

[sirosen]

In python-jsonschema/jsonschema#1396 , the type signature for Validator.__init__ is updated to better match the runtime signature. This backports the fix to typeshed, keeping the copies of this data in sync. python-jsonschema/jsonschema#1396 is, itself, a response to feedback on jsonschema about the changes in typeshed #14327.

In addition to the __init__ fix, a couple of additional small changes are made, both in jsonschema and here in the stubs:

1. In jsonschema, the type for create() in validators.py was updated to be notated with -> type[Validator]. This was necessary for internal testing on types to correctly read that validator classes created by this factory implement the protocol.

2. Here, in order to better guarantee that the types align, the _Validator class (which does not exist in jsonschema, but is only defined here in the stubs) now inherits from Validator.

3. The init signature for _Validator is updated to match

4. tests/mypy_test.py flags the schema instance variable annotation as mismatching between Validator and _Validator. Review against the jsonschema source reveals that _Validator was closer to correct, so Validator is fixed to match.

Any further changes (e.g., elimination of _Validator or changing create's return type annotation) are left as potential future work.

[srittau]

Considering this is tracking changes made in jsonschema 4.25.1 (if I understand correctly), we should update the version field in METADATA.toml to version = "~=4.25.1"

[sirosen]

I'm not sure, since this is actually more accurate to the runtime behavior in earlier versions as well?

4.25.1 updates the Validator protocol, but that's also about trying to be more accurate. I'm unclear on how tools are consuming the version information from typeshed, so I don't know whether or not an update is appropriate.

I suppose on the grounds that "it tracks upstream and also fixes bugs in the types", it should update? I'll push the change, but LMK if it makes sense to back it out.

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

schemathesis (https://github.com/schemathesis/schemathesis)
- src/schemathesis/specs/openapi/definitions.py: note: In function "make_validator":
- src/schemathesis/specs/openapi/definitions.py:1918: error: Missing positional argument "registry" in call to "Validator"  [call-arg]
- src/schemathesis/generation/coverage.py: note: In function "cover_schema_iter":
- src/schemathesis/generation/coverage.py:622: error: Missing positional argument "registry" in call to "Validator"  [call-arg]
- src/schemathesis/generation/coverage.py:632: error: Missing positional argument "registry" in call to "Validator"  [call-arg]
- src/schemathesis/generation/coverage.py: note: In function "_negative_type":
- src/schemathesis/generation/coverage.py:1250: error: Missing positional argument "registry" in call to "Validator"  [call-arg]
- src/schemathesis/specs/openapi/negative/__init__.py: note: In function "get_validator":
- src/schemathesis/specs/openapi/negative/__init__.py:43: error: Missing positional argument "registry" in call to "Validator"  [call-arg]
- src/schemathesis/specs/openapi/negative/__init__.py: note: At top level:
- src/schemathesis/specs/openapi/stateful/__init__.py: note: In function "into_step_input":
- src/schemathesis/specs/openapi/stateful/__init__.py:291: error: Missing positional argument "registry" in call to "Validator"  [call-arg]

check-jsonschema (https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema)
+ src/check_jsonschema/formats/__init__.py:56: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]

discord.py (https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py)
- discord/ext/commands/hybrid.py:508: error: Overlap between argument names and ** TypedDict items: "name", "description"  [misc]
+ discord/ext/commands/hybrid.py:508: error: Overlap between argument names and ** TypedDict items: "description", "name"  [misc]
- discord/ext/commands/hybrid.py:629: error: Overlap between argument names and ** TypedDict items: "name", "description"  [misc]
+ discord/ext/commands/hybrid.py:629: error: Overlap between argument names and ** TypedDict items: "description", "name"  [misc]