Add executorch-ubuntu-24.04-gcc14 docker image (#19521) #5213

Job	Run time
test-vulkan / test-backend-linux (vulkan, operators) / linux-job	20m 59s
test-vulkan / test-backend-linux (vulkan, models) / linux-job	20m 26s
test-vulkan / test-backend-macos	-10s
test-vulkan / package-golden-artifacts	3m 40s
	44m 55s

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