Fix TOB-EXECUTORCH-41: validate buffer_idx bounds in getConstantDataPtr

Add bounds checking on buffer_idx in both constant_buffer and
constant_data code paths of getConstantDataPtr to prevent out-of-bounds
vector access from malicious flatbuffer inputs.

Authored-with: Claude

Author: Github Executorch

backends/xnnpack/runtime/XNNCompiler.cpp

@@ -170,10 +170,12 @@ std::vector<T> flatbufferDimsToVector(
 /**
 Gets the constant data pointer associated with the given tensor value.
 Obtaining the constant data pointer can either be from within the flatbuffer
-payload (deprecated) or via offsets to the constant_data_ptr. If no constant
-data associated with the tensor value, then returns nullptr.
+payload (deprecated) or via offsets to the constant_data_ptr.
+
+Failures are returned as an Error, and the successful value may be nullptr
+when the tensor has no associated constant data.
 */
-const uint8_t* getConstantDataPtr(
+Result<const uint8_t*> getConstantDataPtr(
     uint32_t buffer_idx,
     GraphPtr flatbuffer_graph,
     const uint8_t* constant_data_ptr,
@@ -184,13 +186,39 @@ const uint8_t* getConstantDataPtr(
     if (!constant_data_ptr) {
       // TODO(T172265611): Remove constant_buffer in flatbuffer path after BC
       // window
-      const auto& constant_buffer = *flatbuffer_graph->constant_buffer();
-      return constant_buffer[buffer_idx]->storage()->data();
+      auto* cb = flatbuffer_graph->constant_buffer();
+      ET_CHECK_OR_RETURN_ERROR(
+          cb != nullptr, InvalidProgram, "constant_buffer is null");
+      ET_CHECK_OR_RETURN_ERROR(
+          buffer_idx < cb->size(),
+          InvalidProgram,
+          "buffer_idx %u out of bounds for constant_buffer of size %zu",
+          buffer_idx,
+          cb->size());
+      auto* buffer_entry = (*cb)[buffer_idx];
+      ET_CHECK_OR_RETURN_ERROR(
+          buffer_entry != nullptr && buffer_entry->storage() != nullptr,
+          InvalidProgram,
+          "Null constant_buffer entry at buffer_idx %u",
+          buffer_idx);
+      return buffer_entry->storage()->data();
     } else {
-      ConstantDataOffsetPtr constant_data_offset =
-          flatbuffer_graph->constant_data()->Get(buffer_idx);
+      auto* cd = flatbuffer_graph->constant_data();
+      ET_CHECK_OR_RETURN_ERROR(
+          cd != nullptr, InvalidProgram, "constant_data is null");
+      ET_CHECK_OR_RETURN_ERROR(
+          buffer_idx < cd->size(),
+          InvalidProgram,
+          "buffer_idx %u out of bounds for constant_data of size %zu",
+          buffer_idx,
+          cd->size());
+      ConstantDataOffsetPtr constant_data_offset = cd->Get(buffer_idx);
+      ET_CHECK_OR_RETURN_ERROR(
+          constant_data_offset != nullptr,
+          InvalidProgram,
+          "Null constant_data entry at buffer_idx %u",
+          buffer_idx);
       uint64_t offset = constant_data_offset->offset();
-
       bool has_named_key = flatbuffers::IsFieldPresent(
           constant_data_offset, fb_xnnpack::ConstantDataOffset::VT_NAMED_KEY);
       // If there is no tensor name
@@ -203,7 +231,7 @@ const uint8_t* getConstantDataPtr(
             weights_cache->load_unpacked_data(data_name);
         if (!data_ptr.ok()) {
           ET_LOG(Error, "Failed to load weights from cache");
-          return nullptr;
+          return data_ptr.error();
         }
         return data_ptr.get();
 #else
@@ -215,7 +243,7 @@ const uint8_t* getConstantDataPtr(
               "Failed to get constant data for key %s from named_data_map. Error code: %u",
               data_name.c_str(),
               static_cast<uint32_t>(buffer.error()));
-          return nullptr;
+          return buffer.error();
         }
         const uint8_t* data_ptr =
             static_cast<const uint8_t*>(buffer.get().data());
@@ -229,7 +257,7 @@ const uint8_t* getConstantDataPtr(
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-const uint8_t* getConstantDataPtr(
+Result<const uint8_t*> getConstantDataPtr(
     const fb_xnnpack::XNNTensorValue* tensor_value,
     GraphPtr flatbuffer_graph,
     const uint8_t* constant_data_ptr,
@@ -298,13 +326,17 @@ Error defineTensor(
 
   // Get Pointer to constant data from flatbuffer, if its non-constant
   // it is a nullptr
-  const uint8_t* buffer_ptr = getConstantDataPtr(
+  auto buffer_result = getConstantDataPtr(
       tensor_value,
       flatbuffer_graph,
       constant_data_ptr,
       named_data_map,
       freeable_buffers,
       weights_cache);
+  if (!buffer_result.ok()) {
+    return buffer_result.error();
+  }
+  const uint8_t* buffer_ptr = buffer_result.get();
 
   xnn_status status;
   // The type we might have to convert to
@@ -449,13 +481,17 @@ Error defineTensor(
         const float* scale = qparams->scale()->data();
 
         if (qparams->scale_buffer_idx() != 0) {
-          scale = reinterpret_cast<const float*>(getConstantDataPtr(
+          auto scale_result = getConstantDataPtr(
               qparams->scale_buffer_idx(),
               flatbuffer_graph,
               constant_data_ptr,
               named_data_map,
               freeable_buffers,
-              weights_cache));
+              weights_cache);
+          if (!scale_result.ok()) {
+            return scale_result.error();
+          }
+          scale = reinterpret_cast<const float*>(scale_result.get());
           ET_CHECK_OR_RETURN_ERROR(
               scale != nullptr, Internal, "Failed to load scale data.");
         }
@@ -491,13 +527,18 @@ Error defineTensor(
         // Block scales are preferably serialized as bf16 but can also be
         // serialized as fp32 for backwards compatability.
         if (qparams->scale_buffer_idx() != 0) {
-          scale_data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(getConstantDataPtr(
+          auto scale_data_result = getConstantDataPtr(
               qparams->scale_buffer_idx(),
               flatbuffer_graph,
               constant_data_ptr,
               named_data_map,
               freeable_buffers,
-              weights_cache));
+              weights_cache);
+          if (!scale_data_result.ok()) {
+            return scale_data_result.error();
+          }
+          scale_data =
+              reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(scale_data_result.get());
           ET_CHECK_OR_RETURN_ERROR(
               scale_data != nullptr, Internal, "Failed to load scale data.");
           scale_numel = qparams->num_scales();