Update docker workflow to actually run tests inside built container

.github/workflows/cli_setup.yml

@@ -64,3 +64,53 @@ jobs:
     - name: Run ci_tests
       shell: msys2 {0}
       run: ./ci_tests -a
+
+  test_docker_container:
+    needs: test_cli_base_container
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    env:
+      TEST_TAG: qmkfm/qmk_cli:test
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.9'
+
+    - name: Set up QEMU
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
+
+    - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+      uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
+
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install setuptools wheel
+        pip install --group dev
+
+    - name: Build Python
+      run: |
+        python3 -m build
+
+    - name: Build Test Container
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+      with:
+        context: .
+        load: true
+        tags: ${{ env.TEST_TAG }}
+
+    - name: Test
+      run: |
+        docker run --rm -v ${{ github.workspace }}:/qmk_cli -w /qmk_cli ${{ env.TEST_TAG }} /qmk_cli/ci_tests -a
+
+    - name: Build All Containers
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+      with:
+        context: .
+        target: full
+        platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64