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fix(android): switch to Kivy master + p4a develop for Python 3.14
Kivy 2.3.1 ships pre-generated Cython C that calls _PyLong_AsByteArray with 5 args. Python 3.14 added a 6th `with_exceptions` parameter, so buildozer dies during the Cython extension compile with: error: too few arguments to function call, expected 6, have 5 note: '_PyLong_AsByteArray' declared here (... 6 params) The p4a project tracked this in kivy/python-for-android#3274 and shipped the auto-resolve recipe in PR #3271; on the user side, the documented fix is to use Kivy master (which is built with Cython >= 3.1 that emits the new 6-arg call) plus p4a develop + API 36 + NDK r29. Changes: - buildozer.spec: kivy==2.3.0 -> kivy==master; android.api 34 -> 36; android.ndk 25b -> 29; android.sdk 34 -> 36; comment block rewritten to document the new tested combination. - build.sh: auto-resolve ANDROIDNDK from $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/ndk/29.*; auto-detect buildozer in ~/venv_p4a_develop/bin first (the venv Buildozer docs require for the Python 3.14 path); ANDROIDAPI 34 -> 36; NDKAPI 21 -> 26; ANDROIDNDKVER 25b -> 29. - docs/ANDROID_BUILD.md: rewrite \u00a71 (pre-flight) for the python3.14 venv install; \u00a72 (SDK) for platform 36 / build-tools 36 / ndk r29; \u00a74 (build) to source the venv first; expanded troubleshooting table with the _PyLong_AsByteArray entry and links to upstream issues. Refs: - https://buildozer.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation/ - kivy/python-for-android#3271 - kivy/python-for-android#3274
1 parent 64e516d commit 5eb12ff

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Lines changed: 110 additions & 43 deletions

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‎build.sh‎

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@
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#
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# Expects an Arch Linux host with:
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# - jdk17-openjdk
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# - android-sdk-cmdline-tools-latest (AUR) + platform 34 + build-tools 34.0.0
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# - Android NDK 25b (25.1.8937393) — installed via sdkmanager (see docs/ANDROID_BUILD.md)
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# - buildozer >= 1.5.0 (pipx or pip --user)
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# - android-sdk-cmdline-tools-latest (AUR) + platform 36 + build-tools 36.0.0
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# - Android NDK r29 — installed via sdkmanager (see docs/ANDROID_BUILD.md)
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# - Python 3.14 venv at ~/venv_p4a_develop with:
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# buildozer (master from git), cython==0.29.34, legacy-cgi, setuptools
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# - See docs/ANDROID_BUILD.md §1 for one-shot setup.
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# ----------------------------------------
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set -euo pipefail
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unset GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS
@@ -25,24 +27,48 @@ export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk
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export ANDROID_HOME=/opt/android-sdk
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export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/opt/android-sdk
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export ANDROIDSDK="${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}"
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export ANDROIDNDK="${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk/25.1.8937393"
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export ANDROIDAPI=34
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export NDKAPI=21 # min SDK — keep ≤ NDK platform floor
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export ANDROIDNDKVER=25b
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# Resolve NDK r29 install path (sdkmanager installs to ndk/<full-version>)
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if [ -z "${ANDROIDNDK:-}" ]; then
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if [ -d "${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk" ]; then
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ANDROIDNDK="$(find "${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk" -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d -name '29.*' | sort | tail -1)"
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fi
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: "${ANDROIDNDK:=${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/ndk/29.0.13599879}"
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fi
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export ANDROIDNDK
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export ANDROIDAPI=36
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export NDKAPI=26 # min SDK — matches android.ndk_api in buildozer.spec
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export ANDROIDNDKVER=29
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export PATH="${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/cmdline-tools/latest/bin:${ANDROID_SDK_ROOT}/platform-tools:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
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# Strip any pip mirrors that leak from the user shell — they break p4a wheels.
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PIP_CLEAN_ENV=(env -u PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL -u PIP_INDEX_URL -u PIP_FIND_LINKS)
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# Prefer the Python 3.14 venv if present (matches Buildozer docs p4a-develop path).
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BUILDOZER_BIN=""
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for cand in \
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"${HOME}/venv_p4a_develop/bin/buildozer" \
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"${HOME}/.local/bin/buildozer" \
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"$(command -v buildozer 2>/dev/null || true)"; do
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if [ -n "${cand}" ] && [ -x "${cand}" ]; then
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BUILDOZER_BIN="${cand}"
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break
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fi
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done
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if [ -z "${BUILDOZER_BIN}" ]; then
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echo "[build.sh] buildozer not found. See docs/ANDROID_BUILD.md §1 to set up" >&2
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echo " a Python 3.14 venv with buildozer master + cython 0.29.34." >&2
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exit 127
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fi
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# ── Subcommand dispatch ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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MODE="${1:-debug}"
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shift || true
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case "${MODE}" in
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clean)
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echo "[build.sh] cleaning .buildozer and bin/ ..."
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"${PIP_CLEAN_ENV[@]}" ~/.local/bin/buildozer android clean || true
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"${PIP_CLEAN_ENV[@]}" "${BUILDOZER_BIN}" android clean || true
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rm -rf .buildozer bin
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echo "[build.sh] clean complete. Re-run ./build.sh debug or ./build.sh release."
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exit 0
@@ -64,7 +90,8 @@ esac
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echo "[build.sh] JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}"
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echo "[build.sh] ANDROID_HOME=${ANDROID_HOME}"
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echo "[build.sh] ANDROIDNDK=${ANDROIDNDK}"
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echo "[build.sh] BUILDOZER=${BUILDOZER_BIN}"
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echo "[build.sh] target=${TARGET}"
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# shellcheck disable=SC2086
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"${PIP_CLEAN_ENV[@]}" ~/.local/bin/buildozer ${TARGET} "$@" 2>&1 | tee ~/buildozer_debug.log
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"${PIP_CLEAN_ENV[@]}" "${BUILDOZER_BIN}" ${TARGET} "$@" 2>&1 | tee ~/buildozer_debug.log

‎buildozer.spec‎

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@@ -2,13 +2,22 @@
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# Qompass AI — ONTrack Android build configuration
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# Copyright (C) 2026 Qompass AI, All rights reserved.
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# ----------------------------------------------------
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# Tested combinations (May 2026):
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# buildozer == 1.5.0
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# python-for-android (p4a) == develop
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# Android SDK platform 34 build-tools 34.0.0
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# Android NDK 25b (25.1.8937393) <-- newer NDKs break p4a's CPython recipe
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# Tested combinations (May 2026, Python 3.14 / Play Store target):
6+
# buildozer == git+https://github.com/kivy/buildozer (master)
7+
# python-for-android == develop (required for Python 3.14)
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# cython == 0.29.34 (host) ; p4a builds Kivy with its own cython 0.29.36
9+
# Android SDK platform 36 build-tools 36.0.0
10+
# Android NDK 29 (r29) <-- required by p4a develop
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# JDK 17 (jdk17-openjdk on Arch)
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# Python 3.11 on host
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# Python 3.14 on host (`python3.14 -m venv venv_p4a_develop`)
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#
14+
# Why Kivy is pinned to `master` (not 2.3.1):
15+
# Kivy 2.3.1 ships pre-generated Cython C that calls `_PyLong_AsByteArray`
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# with 5 args. Python 3.14 changed that signature to 6 args (added
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# `with_exceptions`), so the build dies with:
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# error: too few arguments to function call, expected 6, have 5
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# Kivy master regenerates Cython with cython>=3.1 (Python-3.14-aware).
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# See https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/pull/3271 (closes #3274).
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#
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# Build: bash build.sh # debug APK -> bin/
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# Release: buildozer android release # unsigned AAB -> bin/ (sign with apksigner)
@@ -32,7 +41,7 @@ source.exclude_patterns = ontrack.spec,Cargo.toml,Cargo.lock,flake.nix,flak
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# Comma-separated, single line — buildozer / p4a parses this very strictly.
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# Do NOT mix newlines and commas.
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requirements = python3,kivy==2.3.0,android,plyer,pyjnius,requests,certifi,urllib3,chardet,idna,charset-normalizer,python-dotenv,pillow,openssl,sqlite3,libffi
44+
requirements = python3,kivy==master,android,plyer,pyjnius,requests,certifi,urllib3,chardet,idna,charset-normalizer,python-dotenv,pillow,openssl,sqlite3,libffi
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orientation = portrait
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fullscreen = 0
@@ -42,11 +51,11 @@ presplash.color = #002855
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presplash.keep_on_top = 1
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# ── Android ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
45-
android.api = 34
54+
android.api = 36
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android.minapi = 26
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android.ndk = 25b
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android.ndk = 29
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android.ndk_api = 26
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android.sdk = 34
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android.sdk = 36
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android.archs = arm64-v8a, armeabi-v7a
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android.allow_backup = 0
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android.copy_libs = 1

‎docs/ANDROID_BUILD.md‎

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -3,17 +3,26 @@
33
This is the reference procedure for building the OnTrack Kivy app into a
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Google Play–ready Android App Bundle (`.aab`) on an Arch Linux workstation.
55

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It documents the exact toolchain pins that work as of May 2026. The previous
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build failure (`Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))`
8-
during `pythonforandroid.toolchain create`) was caused by:
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1. A malformed multi-line `requirements =` in `buildozer.spec` that p4a was
11-
parsing as a single recipe name.
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2. Desktop-only dependencies (`faster-whisper`, `ctranslate2`, `ortools`,
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`geopy`, `numpy`, `pandas`) that have no python-for-android recipe.
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3. Android NDK 29, which breaks p4a's CPython recipe.
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16-
The fixes in this branch (`fix/android-build`) address all three.
6+
It documents the exact toolchain pins that work as of May 2026.
7+
8+
### Build failures this branch resolves
9+
10+
1. **`Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED)` during `pythonforandroid.toolchain create`** —
11+
caused by a malformed multi-line `requirements =` in `buildozer.spec` that
12+
p4a parsed as a single recipe name, plus desktop-only deps
13+
(`faster-whisper`, `ctranslate2`, `ortools`, `geopy`, `numpy`, `pandas`) that
14+
have no python-for-android recipe.
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2. **`_PyLong_AsByteArray ... too few arguments to function call, expected 6,
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have 5`** while compiling Kivy/Cython modules — Python 3.14 changed the
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`_PyLong_AsByteArray` C-API signature, and the pre-generated Cython C in
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Kivy 2.3.x release tarballs still uses the old 5-arg call. **Fix:** pin
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`kivy==master` in `requirements`, switch to `p4a.branch = develop`, and
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target `android.api = 36 / android.ndk = 29` per the
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[official Buildozer Python 3.14 path](https://buildozer.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation/).
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See [p4a PR #3271](https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/pull/3271)
23+
(closes [#3274](https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/issues/3274)).
24+
25+
All fixes live on the `fix/android-build` branch.
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---
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@@ -31,13 +40,25 @@ sudo pacman -S --needed base-devel git python python-pip \
3140
autoconf automake libtool pkgconf cmake ninja \
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zlib openssl libffi sqlite ccache unzip
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# Buildozer — pin to a release that knows about NDK 25.
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pip install --user --upgrade 'buildozer>=1.5.0' Cython==0.29.36
43+
# Python 3.14 — required by p4a develop (the only branch that supports the
44+
# new _PyLong_AsByteArray signature).
45+
sudo pacman -S --needed python # Arch's `python` package is 3.14 in May 2026
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37-
# Make sure ~/.local/bin is on PATH (add to ~/.zshrc/.bashrc if missing).
38-
export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
47+
# Create the isolated Python 3.14 venv used for buildozer + p4a develop.
48+
python3.14 -m venv ~/venv_p4a_develop
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source ~/venv_p4a_develop/bin/activate
50+
pip install --upgrade pip
51+
pip install git+https://github.com/kivy/buildozer
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pip install legacy-cgi setuptools 'cython==0.29.34'
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54+
# Verify (should print 1.6.x.dev0 from git).
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buildozer --version
3956
```
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> **Why a venv?** `build.sh` auto-detects `~/venv_p4a_develop/bin/buildozer`
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> first, then falls back to `~/.local/bin/buildozer`. Keeping the Python 3.14
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> build env separate avoids polluting your system Python.
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4162
Set the env vars the build script expects (also add to your shell rc):
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4364
```bash
@@ -47,22 +68,26 @@ export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/opt/android-sdk
4768
export PATH="$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/cmdline-tools/latest/bin:$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/platform-tools:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
4869
```
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50-
## 2. Install Android SDK + NDK 25b
71+
## 2. Install Android SDK + NDK r29
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73+
p4a `develop` requires **API 36 / NDK r29**. The old `NDK 25b` path does not
74+
work with Python 3.14.
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5276
```bash
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# Accept all licenses first.
5478
yes | sdkmanager --licenses
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56-
# Platform 34 + matching build-tools + NDK 25b (the only NDK p4a is happy with).
80+
# Platform 36 + matching build-tools + NDK r29 (matches buildozer.spec pins).
5781
sdkmanager \
5882
"platform-tools" \
59-
"platforms;android-34" \
60-
"build-tools;34.0.0" \
61-
"ndk;25.1.8937393"
83+
"platforms;android-36" \
84+
"build-tools;36.0.0" \
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"ndk;29.0.13599879"
6286
```
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After this, `$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/ndk/25.1.8937393` must exist. The build script
65-
exports `ANDROIDNDK` to that exact path.
88+
After this, `$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/ndk/29.*` must exist. `build.sh` auto-resolves
89+
`ANDROIDNDK` by globbing that directory, so the exact patch version doesn't
90+
matter — any `29.x.y` install will be picked up.
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## 3. Clone and check out the fix branch
6893

@@ -74,7 +99,11 @@ git checkout fix/android-build
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75100
## 4. Build
76101

102+
Activate the venv first so `buildozer` resolves to the Python 3.14 install:
103+
77104
```bash
105+
source ~/venv_p4a_develop/bin/activate
106+
78107
# Always start from a clean cache the first time after pulling toolchain changes.
79108
./build.sh clean
80109

@@ -278,12 +307,14 @@ the other forms are Console-only.
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279308
| Symptom | Cause | Fix |
280309
|---------|-------|-----|
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| `Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))` during `toolchain create` | NDK too new (>= 26) | Re-install NDK 25b: `sdkmanager "ndk;25.1.8937393"` |
310+
| `_PyLong_AsByteArray ... too few arguments to function call, expected 6, have 5` while compiling Kivy/Cython | Python 3.14 changed the `_PyLong_AsByteArray` C-API; Kivy 2.3.x ships pre-generated Cython C with the old 5-arg call | Use `kivy==master` in `requirements`, `p4a.branch = develop`, `android.api = 36`, `android.ndk = 29`. Already pinned in this branch's `buildozer.spec`. |
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| `Recipe with name '<long-string>' not found` | Multi-line `requirements =` in `buildozer.spec` | Keep `requirements =` on one comma-separated line |
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| `Could not find ortools / faster-whisper / numpy` | Desktop-only dep in mobile requirements | Remove from `buildozer.spec`; guard import in code |
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| `Gradle build failed: Unsupported class file major version 65` | Wrong JDK | `export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk` |
285-
| `aidl is missing` | build-tools not installed | `sdkmanager "build-tools;34.0.0"` |
314+
| `aidl is missing` | build-tools not installed | `sdkmanager "build-tools;36.0.0"` |
315+
| `Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))` during `toolchain create` | Mixing p4a `master` with Python 3.14, or running NDK r25 against Python 3.14 sources | Use Python 3.14 venv + `p4a.branch = develop` + NDK r29 as documented in §1–2 |
286316
| Build cache wedged after upgrading p4a | Stale `.buildozer/` | `./build.sh clean` |
317+
| `buildozer not found` from `build.sh` | Venv not activated or installed elsewhere | `source ~/venv_p4a_develop/bin/activate` (see §1) |
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## Reference
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