02_data_types

C++ Basic Data Types

The data type specifies the size and type of information the variable will store:

Data Type	Size	Description
boolean	1 byte	Stores true or false values
char	1 byte	Stores a single character/letter/number, or ASCII values
int	2 or 4 bytes	Stores whole numbers, without decimals
float	4 bytes	Stores fractional numbers, containing one or more decimals. Sufficient for storing 6-7 decimal digits
double	8 bytes	Stores fractional numbers, containing one or more decimals. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits

Example 1

Objective: A program that declares variables of different data types and prints their sizes and values.

Description:

• Declaration of variables of type int, char, float, double, bool.
• sizeof() operator to print the size of each variable in bytes.
• Print the value of each variable

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10;
    char b = 'A';
    float c = 5.5f;
    double d = 10.1234;
    bool e = true;

    cout << "Size of int: " << sizeof(a) << " bytes, Value: " << a << endl;
    cout << "Size of char: " << sizeof(b) << " bytes, Value: " << b << endl;
    cout << "Size of float: " << sizeof(c) << " bytes, Value: " << c << endl;
    cout << "Size of double: " << sizeof(d) << " bytes, Value: " << d << endl;
    cout << "Size of bool: " << sizeof(e) << " bytes, Value: " << e << endl;

    return 0;
}

Switch Between Data Types (Float and Integer)

Objective: Create a program that reads an integer and a floating-point number, then adds them and shows the result with different data types.

Description:

• Declaration one integer and one float.
• Add the two numbers and cast the result into both float and int.
• Print the results of each addition and type casting.

Example 2

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int integerNum = 5;
    float floatNum = 10.75;

    // Adding integer and float
    float result = integerNum + floatNum;

    // Showing results with casting
    cout << "Result as float: " << result << endl;
    cout << "Result casted to int: " << (int)result << endl;

    return 0;
}