ci: Update to Ubuntu 24.04 #604

Job	Run time
ci-data	5s
Compile native gem for aarch64-linux	1m 33s
Compile native gem for aarch64-linux-musl	1m 33s
Compile native gem for arm64-darwin	1m 45s
Compile native gem for x64-mingw-ucrt	1m 43s
Compile native gem for x86_64-darwin	1m 52s
Compile native gem for x86_64-linux	4m 42s
Compile native gem for x86_64-linux-musl	1m 54s
	15m 7s

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