ci: Update to Ubuntu 24.04 #605

Job	Run time
ci-data	4s
Compile native gem for aarch64-linux	1m 36s
Compile native gem for aarch64-linux-musl	1m 44s
Compile native gem for arm64-darwin	1m 47s
Compile native gem for x64-mingw-ucrt	1m 31s
Compile native gem for x86_64-darwin	1m 43s
Compile native gem for x86_64-linux	4m 50s
Compile native gem for x86_64-linux-musl	1m 39s
	14m 54s

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