diff --git a/riscv/CHANGELOG.md b/riscv/CHANGELOG.md
index 3598eb96..e1bfe669 100644
--- a/riscv/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/riscv/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,11 +9,16 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 
 ### Added
 
+- Add `mstatus` and `sstatus` CSRs helpers for UBE, VS, UXL and SXL, and the corresponding tests
 - Add `pmpaddr16` ~ `pmpaddr63` CSRs
 - Add `siselect` CSR
 - Add `vsiselect` CSR
 - Add `stopi` CSR
 
+### Changed
+- Fix the CSR masks to preserve all legal status bits
+- Modify XS and SD bits to read-only summary fields instead of writable fields
+
 ## v0.16.0 - 2025-12-19
 
 ### Added
diff --git a/riscv/src/register/mstatus.rs b/riscv/src/register/mstatus.rs
index ff1a3c67..458103fb 100644
--- a/riscv/src/register/mstatus.rs
+++ b/riscv/src/register/mstatus.rs
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ use crate::bits::{bf_extract, bf_insert};
 read_write_csr! {
     /// mstatus register
     Mstatus: 0x300,
-    mask: 0x8000_0000_007f_fffe,
+    mask: 0x8000_003f_007f_ffea,
 }
 
 #[cfg(target_arch = "riscv32")]
 read_write_csr! {
     /// mstatus register
     Mstatus: 0x300,
-    mask: 0x807f_fffe,
+    mask: 0x807f_ffea,
 }
 
 csr_field_enum! {
@@ -153,12 +153,15 @@ read_write_csr_field! {
     FS: [13:14],
 }
 
-read_write_csr_field! {
+read_only_csr_field! {
     Mstatus,
     /// Additional extension state
     ///
-    /// Encodes the status of additional user-mode extensions and associated
-    /// state.
+    /// Encodes the status of additional user-mode extensions and associated state.
+    ///
+    /// This is a read-only field summarizing the status of all
+    /// user-mode extensions; it is set indirectly by writing individual
+    /// extension status CSRs.
     xs,
     XS: [15:16],
 }
@@ -218,16 +221,20 @@ read_write_csr_field! {
 }
 
 #[cfg(target_arch = "riscv32")]
-read_write_csr_field! {
+read_only_csr_field! {
     Mstatus,
-    /// Whether either the FS field or XS field signals the presence of some dirty state
+    /// Whether either the FS field or XS field signals the presence of some dirty state.
+    ///
+    /// This is a read-only bit computed by hardware as `(FS == Dirty) || (XS == Dirty) || (VS == Dirty)`.
     sd: 31,
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "riscv32"))]
-read_write_csr_field! {
+read_only_csr_field! {
     Mstatus,
-    /// Whether either the FS field or XS field signals the presence of some dirty state
+    /// Whether either the FS field or XS field signals the presence of some dirty state.
+    ///
+    /// This is a read-only bit computed by hardware as `(FS == Dirty) || (XS == Dirty) || (VS == Dirty)`.
     sd: 63,
 }
 
@@ -349,7 +356,11 @@ set!(0x300);
 clear!(0x300);
 
 set_clear_csr!(
-    /// User Interrupt Enable
+    /// User Interrupt Enable.
+    ///
+    /// This helper is kept for API compatibility with legacy code that still
+    /// targets the deprecated N-extension encoding. On systems that do not
+    /// implement these bits, writes may be ignored by hardware.
     , set_uie, clear_uie, 1 << 0);
 set_clear_csr!(
     /// Supervisor Interrupt Enable
@@ -358,7 +369,11 @@ set_clear_csr!(
     /// Machine Interrupt Enable
     , set_mie, clear_mie, 1 << 3);
 set_csr!(
-    /// User Previous Interrupt Enable
+    /// User Previous Interrupt Enable.
+    ///
+    /// This helper is kept for API compatibility with legacy code that still
+    /// targets the deprecated N-extension encoding. On systems that do not
+    /// implement these bits, writes may be ignored by hardware.
     , set_upie, 1 << 4);
 set_csr!(
     /// Supervisor Previous Interrupt Enable
@@ -466,6 +481,32 @@ pub unsafe fn set_mbe(endianness: Endianness) {
     }
 }
 
+/// Set effective xlen in U-mode (i.e., `UXLEN`).
+///
+/// # Note
+///
+/// In RISCV-32, `UXL` does not exist.
+#[inline]
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "riscv32"))]
+pub unsafe fn set_uxl(uxl: XLEN) {
+    let mut value = _read();
+    value = bf_insert(value, 32, 2, uxl as usize);
+    _write(value);
+}
+
+/// Set effective xlen in S-mode (i.e., `SXLEN`).
+///
+/// # Note
+///
+/// In RISCV-32, `SXL` does not exist.
+#[inline]
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "riscv32"))]
+pub unsafe fn set_sxl(sxl: XLEN) {
+    let mut value = _read();
+    value = bf_insert(value, 34, 2, sxl as usize);
+    _write(value);
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use super::*;
@@ -491,10 +532,19 @@ mod test {
         test_csr_field!(mstatus, vs: VS::Clean);
         test_csr_field!(mstatus, vs: VS::Dirty);
 
-        test_csr_field!(mstatus, xs: XS::AllOff);
-        test_csr_field!(mstatus, xs: XS::NoneDirtyOrClean);
-        test_csr_field!(mstatus, xs: XS::NoneDirtySomeClean);
-        test_csr_field!(mstatus, xs: XS::SomeDirty);
+        // XS is read-only: it summarizes all user-mode extension states.
+        [
+            XS::AllOff,
+            XS::NoneDirtyOrClean,
+            XS::NoneDirtySomeClean,
+            XS::SomeDirty,
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .for_each(|xs| {
+            let m = Mstatus::from_bits(xs.into_usize() << 15);
+            assert_eq!(m.xs(), xs);
+            assert_eq!(m.try_xs(), Ok(xs));
+        });
 
         test_csr_field!(mstatus, sie);
         test_csr_field!(mstatus, mie);
@@ -507,6 +557,40 @@ mod test {
         test_csr_field!(mstatus, tvm);
         test_csr_field!(mstatus, tw);
         test_csr_field!(mstatus, tsr);
-        test_csr_field!(mstatus, sd);
+
+        // SD is read-only: hardware sets it whenever FS, VS, or XS == Dirty.
+        assert!(!Mstatus::from_bits(0).sd());
+        assert!(Mstatus::from_bits(usize::MAX).sd());
+
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "riscv32"))]
+        {
+            [XLEN::XLEN32, XLEN::XLEN64, XLEN::XLEN128]
+                .into_iter()
+                .for_each(|xlen| {
+                    let mut m = Mstatus::from_bits(0);
+                    m.set_uxl(xlen);
+                    assert_eq!(m.uxl(), xlen);
+                });
+
+            [XLEN::XLEN32, XLEN::XLEN64, XLEN::XLEN128]
+                .into_iter()
+                .for_each(|xlen| {
+                    let mut m = Mstatus::from_bits(0);
+                    m.set_sxl(xlen);
+                    assert_eq!(m.sxl(), xlen);
+                });
+
+            [Endianness::LittleEndian, Endianness::BigEndian]
+                .into_iter()
+                .for_each(|endianness| {
+                    let mut m = Mstatus::from_bits(0);
+                    m.set_sbe(endianness);
+                    assert_eq!(m.sbe(), endianness);
+
+                    let mut m = Mstatus::from_bits(0);
+                    m.set_mbe(endianness);
+                    assert_eq!(m.mbe(), endianness);
+                });
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/riscv/src/register/sstatus.rs b/riscv/src/register/sstatus.rs
index 883004d7..70b7adb3 100644
--- a/riscv/src/register/sstatus.rs
+++ b/riscv/src/register/sstatus.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 //! sstatus register
 
 pub use super::misa::XLEN;
-pub use super::mstatus::{FS, XS};
+pub use super::mstatus::{FS, VS, XS};
 
 #[cfg(target_arch = "riscv32")]
-const MASK: usize = 0x800d_e122;
+const MASK: usize = 0x800d_e762;
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "riscv32"))]
-const MASK: usize = 0x8000_0003_000d_e122;
+const MASK: usize = 0x8000_0003_000d_e762;
 
 read_write_csr! {
     /// Supervisor Status Register
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ read_write_csr_field! {
     spie: 5,
 }
 
+read_write_csr_field! {
+    Sstatus,
+    /// U-mode non-instruction-fetch memory endianness
+    ube: 6,
+}
+
 read_write_csr_field! {
     Sstatus,
     /// Supervisor Previous Privilege Mode
@@ -44,6 +50,13 @@ read_write_csr_field! {
     SPP: [8:8],
 }
 
+read_write_csr_field! {
+    Sstatus,
+    /// Vector extension state
+    vs,
+    VS: [9:10],
+}
+
 read_write_csr_field! {
     Sstatus,
     /// The status of the floating-point unit
@@ -80,18 +93,20 @@ read_write_csr_field! {
 }
 
 #[cfg(target_arch = "riscv32")]
-read_write_csr_field! {
+read_only_csr_field! {
     Sstatus,
-    /// Whether either the FS field or XS field
-    /// signals the presence of some dirty state
+    /// Whether either the FS field or XS field signals the presence of some dirty state.
+    ///
+    /// This is a read-only bit computed by hardware as `(FS == Dirty) || (XS == Dirty) || (VS == Dirty)`.
     sd: 31,
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "riscv32"))]
-read_write_csr_field! {
+read_only_csr_field! {
     Sstatus,
-    /// Whether either the FS field or XS field
-    /// signals the presence of some dirty state
+    /// Whether either the FS field or XS field signals the presence of some dirty state.
+    ///
+    /// This is a read-only bit computed by hardware as `(FS == Dirty) || (XS == Dirty) || (VS == Dirty)`.
     sd: 63,
 }
 
@@ -110,17 +125,28 @@ set!(0x100);
 clear!(0x100);
 
 set_clear_csr!(
-    /// User Interrupt Enable
+    /// User Interrupt Enable.
+    ///
+    /// This helper is kept for API compatibility with legacy code that still
+    /// targets the deprecated N-extension encoding. On systems that do not
+    /// implement these bits, writes may be ignored by hardware.
     , set_uie, clear_uie, 1 << 0);
 set_clear_csr!(
     /// Supervisor Interrupt Enable
     , set_sie, clear_sie, 1 << 1);
 set_csr!(
-    /// User Previous Interrupt Enable
+    /// User Previous Interrupt Enable.
+    ///
+    /// This helper is kept for API compatibility with legacy code that still
+    /// targets the deprecated N-extension encoding. On systems that do not
+    /// implement these bits, writes may be ignored by hardware.
     , set_upie, 1 << 4);
 set_csr!(
     /// Supervisor Previous Interrupt Enable
     , set_spie, 1 << 5);
+set_clear_csr!(
+    /// U-mode non-instruction-fetch memory endianness
+    , set_ube, clear_ube, 1 << 6);
 set_clear_csr!(
     /// Permit Supervisor User Memory access
     , set_sum, clear_sum, 1 << 18);
@@ -146,6 +172,29 @@ pub unsafe fn set_fs(fs: FS) {
     _write(value);
 }
 
+/// Vector extension state
+#[inline]
+pub unsafe fn set_vs(vs: VS) {
+    let mut value = _read();
+    value &= !(0x3 << 9); // clear previous value
+    value |= (vs as usize) << 9;
+    _write(value);
+}
+
+/// Effective xlen in U-mode (i.e., `UXLEN`)
+///
+/// # Note
+///
+/// In RISCV-32, `UXL` does not exist.
+#[inline]
+#[cfg(not(target_arch = "riscv32"))]
+pub unsafe fn set_uxl(uxl: XLEN) {
+    let mut value = _read();
+    value &= !(0x3 << 32); // clear previous value
+    value |= (uxl as usize) << 32;
+    _write(value);
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -156,11 +205,18 @@ mod tests {
 
         test_csr_field!(sstatus, sie);
         test_csr_field!(sstatus, spie);
+        test_csr_field!(sstatus, ube);
 
         [SPP::User, SPP::Supervisor].into_iter().for_each(|spp| {
             test_csr_field!(sstatus, spp: spp);
         });
 
+        [VS::Off, VS::Initial, VS::Clean, VS::Dirty]
+            .into_iter()
+            .for_each(|vs| {
+                test_csr_field!(sstatus, vs: vs);
+            });
+
         [FS::Off, FS::Initial, FS::Clean, FS::Dirty]
             .into_iter()
             .for_each(|fs| {
@@ -189,6 +245,8 @@ mod tests {
                 test_csr_field!(sstatus, uxl: xlen);
             });
 
-        test_csr_field!(sstatus, sd);
+        // SD is read-only: hardware sets it whenever FS, VS, or XS == Dirty.
+        assert!(!Sstatus::from_bits(0).sd());
+        assert!(Sstatus::from_bits(usize::MAX).sd());
     }
 }