diff --git a/Sources/CSFBAudioEngine/Player/AudioPlayer.h b/Sources/CSFBAudioEngine/Player/AudioPlayer.h
index 2b99e113..a13a026c 100644
--- a/Sources/CSFBAudioEngine/Player/AudioPlayer.h
+++ b/Sources/CSFBAudioEngine/Player/AudioPlayer.h
@@ -275,6 +275,8 @@ class AudioPlayer final {
     enum class RenderingEventCommand : uint32_t {
         /// Audio frames rendered from ring buffer
         framesRendered = 1,
+        /// The ring buffer contained fewer audio frames than requested
+        bufferUnderrun = 2,
     };
 
     // MARK: - Event Processing
@@ -307,6 +309,9 @@ class AudioPlayer final {
     /// Reads and processes a frames rendered event from `renderingEvents_`
     bool processFramesRenderedEvent() noexcept;
 
+    /// Reads and processes a buffer underrun event from `renderingEvents_`
+    bool processBufferUnderrunEvent() noexcept;
+
     /// Called when the first audio frame from a decoder will render.
     void handleRenderingWillStartEvent(Decoder _Nonnull decoder, uint64_t hostTime) noexcept;
 
diff --git a/Sources/CSFBAudioEngine/Player/AudioPlayer.mm b/Sources/CSFBAudioEngine/Player/AudioPlayer.mm
index ebfc3c93..d0c5b156 100644
--- a/Sources/CSFBAudioEngine/Player/AudioPlayer.mm
+++ b/Sources/CSFBAudioEngine/Player/AudioPlayer.mm
@@ -1679,13 +1679,9 @@ Flags clearFlags(Flags flags, std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_acq_re
     }
 
     // Read audio from the ring buffer
-    if (const auto framesRead = audioRingBuffer_.read(outputData, frameCount); framesRead > 0) {
-#if DEBUG
-        if (framesRead != frameCount) {
-            os_log_debug(log_, "Insufficient audio in ring buffer: %zu frames available, %u requested", framesRead,
-                         frameCount);
-        }
-#endif /* DEBUG */
+    const auto framesRead = audioRingBuffer_.read(outputData, frameCount);
+
+    if (framesRead > 0) {
         if (!renderingEvents_.writeAll(RenderingEventCommand::framesRendered, nextEventIdentificationNumber(),
                                        timestamp.mHostTime, timestamp.mRateScalar, static_cast<uint32_t>(framesRead))) {
             setFlags(Flags::renderEventDropped);
@@ -1694,6 +1690,14 @@ Flags clearFlags(Flags flags, std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_acq_re
         isSilence = YES;
     }
 
+    if (framesRead != frameCount) {
+        if (!renderingEvents_.writeAll(RenderingEventCommand::bufferUnderrun, nextEventIdentificationNumber(),
+                                       timestamp.mHostTime, static_cast<uint32_t>(framesRead),
+                                       static_cast<uint32_t>(frameCount))) {
+            setFlags(Flags::renderEventDropped);
+        }
+    }
+
     return noErr;
 }
 
@@ -1974,6 +1978,9 @@ Flags clearFlags(Flags flags, std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_acq_re
     case RenderingEventCommand::framesRendered:
         return processFramesRenderedEvent();
 
+    case RenderingEventCommand::bufferUnderrun:
+        return processBufferUnderrunEvent();
+
     default:
 #if DEBUG
         assert(false && "Unknown RenderingEventCommand");
@@ -2126,6 +2133,24 @@ Flags clearFlags(Flags flags, std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_acq_re
     return true;
 }
 
+bool sfb::AudioPlayer::processBufferUnderrunEvent() noexcept {
+    // The host time from the render cycle's timestamp
+    uint64_t hostTime;
+    // The number of valid frames rendered
+    uint32_t framesRendered;
+    // The number of frames that were requested by the IOProc
+    uint32_t framesRequested;
+    if (!renderingEvents_.readAll(hostTime, framesRendered, framesRequested)) {
+        os_log_error(log_, "Missing host time or frame count for buffer underrun event");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    os_log_error(log_, "Audio ring buffer underrun: %u/%u frames rendered for host time %llu", framesRendered,
+                 framesRequested, hostTime);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 void sfb::AudioPlayer::handleRenderingWillStartEvent(Decoder decoder, uint64_t hostTime) noexcept {
     const auto now = host_time::current();
     if (now > hostTime) {