perf(tracing): larger span batch (50→200) + linger (100→250ms) for high-volume ingest

Coalesce more spans into each upsert_batch HTTP call to amortize the
per-request round trip and the per-statement parse/plan + index-maintenance
overhead that dominates at high span volume. batch_size is now env-tunable
via AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE (default 200), and linger rises to 250ms so
batches fill rather than shipping near-size-1.

Split out of #394 (end-only ingest) so each change ships and is reviewed
independently.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: NiteshDhanpal

src/agentex/lib/core/tracing/span_queue.py

@@ -15,8 +15,18 @@
 
 logger = make_logger(__name__)
 
-_DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 50
-_DEFAULT_LINGER_MS = 100
+# Max spans coalesced into one ``upsert_batch`` HTTP call (one
+# ``INSERT ... ON CONFLICT`` statement server-side).  Larger batches amortize
+# the per-request round trip and the per-statement parse/plan + index
+# maintenance overhead, which dominates at high span volume.  Kept well under
+# the EGP backend's 1000-row cap; tune per-deploy via
+# ``AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE``.
+_DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 200
+# Max time the drain lingers after the first span to let a batch fill.  Spans
+# typically arrive a few ms apart, so a longer linger fills the larger batch
+# above rather than shipping near-size-1 batches; bounded so worst-case ingest
+# latency (and the in-flight loss window) stays sub-second.
+_DEFAULT_LINGER_MS = 250
 # 0 == unbounded (preserves prior behavior).  A bound makes backpressure
 # visible (dropped spans are counted) and caps worst-case memory.
 _DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE = 0
@@ -114,7 +124,7 @@ class AsyncSpanQueue:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        batch_size: int = _DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
+        batch_size: int | None = None,
         linger_ms: int | None = None,
         max_size: int | None = None,
         max_retries: int | None = None,
@@ -126,7 +136,11 @@ def __init__(
         self._queue: asyncio.Queue[_SpanQueueItem] = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=resolved_max_size)
         self._drain_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
         self._stopping = False
-        self._batch_size = batch_size
+        self._batch_size = (
+            _read_int_env("AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE", _DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE, minimum=1)
+            if batch_size is None
+            else max(1, batch_size)
+        )
         self._linger_ms = _read_linger_ms_env() if linger_ms is None else max(0, linger_ms)
         self._max_retries = (
             _read_int_env("AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_MAX_RETRIES", _DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES, minimum=1)

tests/lib/core/tracing/test_span_queue.py

@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
 from agentex.types.span import Span
-from agentex.lib.core.tracing.span_queue import SpanEventType, AsyncSpanQueue
+from agentex.lib.core.tracing.span_queue import (
+    _DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
+    SpanEventType,
+    AsyncSpanQueue,
+)
 
 
 def _make_span(span_id: str | None = None) -> Span:
@@ -859,3 +863,31 @@ async def test_enqueue_overhead_with_metrics_disabled(self, monkeypatch):
 
         assert elapsed < 0.05, f"disabled metrics enqueue too slow: {elapsed:.3f}s"
         mock_get.assert_not_called()
+
+
+class TestAsyncSpanQueueBatchSizeConfig:
+    """batch_size resolution: explicit arg > AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE env > default."""
+
+    async def test_default_batch_size(self, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.delenv("AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE", raising=False)
+        assert AsyncSpanQueue()._batch_size == _DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE
+
+    async def test_explicit_arg_overrides_default(self, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.delenv("AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE", raising=False)
+        assert AsyncSpanQueue(batch_size=10)._batch_size == 10
+
+    async def test_explicit_arg_clamped_to_min_one(self, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.delenv("AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE", raising=False)
+        assert AsyncSpanQueue(batch_size=0)._batch_size == 1
+
+    async def test_env_used_when_arg_is_none(self, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE", "500")
+        assert AsyncSpanQueue()._batch_size == 500
+
+    async def test_explicit_arg_beats_env(self, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE", "500")
+        assert AsyncSpanQueue(batch_size=7)._batch_size == 7
+
+    async def test_invalid_env_falls_back_to_default(self, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("AGENTEX_SPAN_QUEUE_BATCH_SIZE", "not-an-int")
+        assert AsyncSpanQueue()._batch_size == _DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE