Performance, Documentation, and Standardization (#45)

* Update content extensions to use central method

* Update class and method summary comments

* Performance updates and documentation clarifications

* Update unit tests

* Update version

* Update documentation

* Add samples

* Improve READMEs

Author: scottoffen

README.md

@@ -40,6 +40,99 @@ Apps targeting modern TFMs (such as .NET 5 and later) already include `System.Te
 
 FluentHttpClient is available on [NuGet.org](https://www.nuget.org/packages/FluentHttpClient/) and can be installed using a NuGet package manager or the .NET CLI.
 
+## When to Use FluentHttpClient
+
+While `HttpClient` is a powerful and flexible tool, building HTTP requests with it often involves repetitive boilerplate, manual serialization, and scattered configuration logic. FluentHttpClient addresses these pain points by providing a fluent, chainable API that reduces cognitive load and improves code readability.
+
+### Common HttpClient Challenges
+
+**Repetitive Configuration**  
+Every request requires manually setting headers, query parameters, and content, often scattered across multiple lines. This makes it easy to miss required headers or forget encoding rules.
+
+**Manual Serialization**  
+Converting objects to JSON, setting the correct `Content-Type`, and deserializing responses requires multiple steps and imports. Error-prone encoding and parsing logic often needs to be duplicated across your codebase.
+
+**Inconsistent Error Handling**  
+Without a unified approach to handling success and failure responses, status code checks and logging logic tend to be duplicated or omitted entirely.
+
+**Lifetime and Reuse Concerns**  
+Properly managing `HttpClient` lifetime, avoiding socket exhaustion, and reusing instances while still configuring per-request state requires careful planning and often leads to awkward patterns.
+
+### How FluentHttpClient Helps
+
+FluentHttpClient wraps `HttpClient` (you still manage the lifetime) and provides extension methods that let you configure requests in a single, readable chain:
+
+- **Fluent Configuration**: Add headers, query parameters, cookies, and authentication in a natural, discoverable flow
+- **Automatic Serialization**: Built-in JSON and XML serialization/deserialization with support for `System.Text.Json`, Native AOT, and custom options
+- **Response Handlers**: Attach success and failure callbacks directly in the request chain without breaking fluency
+- **Reduced Boilerplate**: Express the entire request lifecycle—configuration, sending, and deserialization—in a single expression
+
+### Side-by-Side Comparison
+
+Here's the same request implemented with raw `HttpClient` and FluentHttpClient:
+
+#### Raw HttpClient
+
+```csharp
+using System.Net.Http.Json;
+
+var client = new HttpClient
+{
+    BaseAddress = new Uri("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com")
+};
+
+var request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "/posts/1");
+request.Headers.Add("X-Correlation-Id", correlationId);
+
+var response = await client.SendAsync(request);
+
+Post? post = null;
+if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
+{
+    post = await response.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<Post>();
+    Console.WriteLine($"Success: {response.StatusCode}");
+}
+else
+{
+    Console.WriteLine($"Failed: {response.StatusCode}");
+}
+
+public class Post
+{
+    public int Id { get; set; }
+    public string? Title { get; set; }
+    public string? Body { get; set; }
+}
+```
+
+#### FluentHttpClient
+
+```csharp
+using FluentHttpClient;
+
+var client = new HttpClient
+{
+    BaseAddress = new Uri("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com")
+};
+
+var post = await client
+    .UsingRoute("/posts/1")
+    .WithHeader("X-Correlation-Id", correlationId)
+    .GetAsync()
+    .OnSuccess(r => Console.WriteLine($"Success: {r.StatusCode}"))
+    .OnFailure(r => Console.WriteLine($"Failed: {r.StatusCode}"))
+    .ReadJsonAsync<Post>();
+
+public class Post
+{
+    public int Id { get; set; }
+    public string? Title { get; set; }
+    public string? Body { get; set; }
+}
+```
+
+The FluentHttpClient version expresses the same logic in fewer lines, with better readability and no loss of functionality. All configuration, sending, error handling, and deserialization happen in a single fluent chain.
+
 ## Usage and Support
 
 - Check out the project documentation https://scottoffen.github.io/fluenthttpclient.

docs/docs/configure-cookies.md

@@ -17,8 +17,42 @@ var builder = client
 
 * Throws if `name` is `null`, empty, or whitespace.
 * `null` values are converted to an empty string.
+* Cookie values are **automatically URL-encoded** by default using RFC 6265 encoding.
 * Existing cookies with the same name are overwritten.
 
+### Controlling Encoding
+
+By default, cookie values are URL-encoded to ensure special characters (such as `;`, `=`, `,`, and whitespace) do not break the Cookie header format. This is recommended for most use cases.
+
+```csharp
+// Default behavior - value is URL-encoded
+var builder = client
+    .UsingBase()
+    .WithCookie("session", "value with spaces");
+
+// Explicit encoding control
+var builder = client
+    .UsingBase()
+    .WithCookie("session", "value with spaces", encode: true);
+
+// Disable encoding (use with caution)
+var preEncodedValue = Uri.EscapeDataString("my value");
+var builder = client
+    .UsingBase()
+    .WithCookie("session", preEncodedValue, encode: false);
+```
+
+:::caution When to disable encoding
+
+Set `encode` to `false` only if:
+* The value is already properly encoded
+* You need to preserve exact byte sequences for legacy systems
+* You are certain the value contains no special characters
+
+Disabling encoding with raw special characters can produce malformed Cookie headers.
+
+:::
+
 ## Add Multiple Cookies
 
 Use `WithCookies` to attach multiple cookies in one call.
@@ -39,26 +73,56 @@ var builder = client
 * Throws if any cookie name is `null`, empty, or whitespace.
 * Adds or overwrites existing entries.
 * `null` values are stored as empty strings.
+* Cookie values are **automatically URL-encoded** by default.
 
-:::note
+### Controlling Encoding for Multiple Cookies
 
-Unlike query parameters or headers, cookies do not support multiple values per name.
+The `encode` parameter applies to all cookies in the collection:
 
-:::
+```csharp
+// Default behavior - all values are URL-encoded
+var builder = client
+    .UsingBase()
+    .WithCookies(cookies);
+
+// Explicit encoding control
+var builder = client
+    .UsingBase()
+    .WithCookies(cookies, encode: true);
+
+// Disable encoding for all cookies
+var builder = client
+    .UsingBase()
+    .WithCookies(preEncodedCookies, encode: false);
+```
 
 ## Behavior Notes
 
 * Cookies are accumulated in `HttpRequestBuilder.Cookies`.
 * Assigning the same cookie name overwrites the previous value.
 * Cookies are applied to the final request using a standard `Cookie` header.
 * Whitespace-only names are treated as invalid.
-* Values are stored exactly as provided (aside from null becoming an empty string).
+* **Values are URL-encoded by default** using `Uri.EscapeDataString` ([RFC 6265](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6265) compliance).
+* When `encode` is `false`, values are stored exactly as provided (aside from `null` becoming an empty string).
+* The encoding option defaults to `true` for safety and RFC compliance.
+* Multiple cookies are assembled into a single `Cookie` header using semicolon separators.
+
+:::note
+
+Unlike query parameters or headers, cookies do not support multiple values per name.
+
+:::
 
 ---
 
 ## Quick Reference
 
-| Method                                                  | Purpose                             |
-| ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
-| `WithCookie(string, string)`                            | Adds or overwrites a single cookie. |
-| `WithCookies(IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string,string>>)` | Add multiple cookies at once.       |
+| Method                                                        | Purpose                             |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
+| `WithCookie(string name, string value, bool encode = true)`   | Adds or overwrites a single cookie. |
+| `WithCookies(IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string,string>>, bool encode = true)` | Add multiple cookies at once. |
+
+**Parameters:**
+* `name` - The cookie name (required, cannot be null/empty/whitespace)
+* `value` - The cookie value (null becomes empty string)
+* `encode` - Whether to URL-encode the value (default: `true`)

docs/docs/configure-headers.md

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ sidebar_position: 2
 title: Configure Headers
 ---
 
-FluentHttpClient lets you configure request headers directly on `HttpRequestBuilder`. All header methods add *deferred configurators* to the builder, so headers are applied when the `HttpRequestMessage` is finally built, not when you call the fluent methods.
+FluentHttpClient lets you configure request headers directly on `HttpRequestBuilder`. Header configuration uses two approaches:
+
+* **String headers** (`WithHeader`, `WithHeaders`) are validated and stored immediately when called, providing fast fail-fast validation for common header scenarios.
+* **Typed headers** (`WithAuthentication`, `WithBasicAuthentication`, `WithOAuthBearerToken`, `ConfigureHeaders`) use deferred configurators that are applied when the `HttpRequestMessage` is built, allowing strongly-typed header configuration with complex types like `CacheControl` and `Authorization`.
 
 ## Adding Single Headers
 
@@ -83,11 +86,110 @@ Use the bulk overloads when you already have headers in a collection (e.g. from
 
 :::
 
+## Typed Headers
+
+For headers that require strongly-typed values (such as `Authorization`, `CacheControl`, `Accept`, `IfModifiedSince`, `IfNoneMatch`, and others), use `ConfigureHeaders` to configure them directly through the `HttpRequestHeaders` API.
+
+### Using ConfigureHeaders
+
+```csharp
+var builder = client
+    .UsingBase()
+    .ConfigureHeaders(headers =>
+    {
+        headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", token);
+    });
+```
+
+* Provides direct access to the `HttpRequestHeaders` collection.
+* Supports all strongly-typed header properties available on `HttpRequestHeaders`.
+* Throws if `configure` action is `null`.
+* Configuration is applied when the request is built (deferred execution).
+
+### Complex Headers
+
+`ConfigureHeaders` is ideal for headers with multiple properties, quality values, or complex structures:
+
+#### Cache Control
+
+```csharp
+builder.ConfigureHeaders(headers =>
+{
+    headers.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue
+    {
+        NoCache = true,
+        NoStore = true,
+        MaxAge = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)
+    };
+});
+```
+
+#### Accept with Quality Values
+
+```csharp
+builder.ConfigureHeaders(headers =>
+{
+    headers.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
+    headers.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/xml", 0.9));
+    headers.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("text/plain", 0.8));
+});
+```
+
+#### Conditional Request Headers
+
+```csharp
+builder.ConfigureHeaders(headers =>
+{
+    headers.IfModifiedSince = lastModified;
+    headers.IfNoneMatch.Add(new EntityTagHeaderValue("\"12345\""));
+});
+```
+
+### Accumulation Behavior
+
+Multiple calls to `ConfigureHeaders` accumulate - each configurator is stored and executed in order when the request is built:
+
+```csharp
+builder
+    .ConfigureHeaders(headers =>
+        headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", token))
+    .ConfigureHeaders(headers =>
+        headers.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true })
+    .ConfigureHeaders(headers =>
+        headers.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json")));
+
+// All three configurators will be applied
+```
+
+If multiple configurators set the same header property, the last one wins (for single-value headers like `Authorization`). For collection-based headers (like `Accept`), all values accumulate unless a configurator explicitly clears the collection.
+
+### When to Use ConfigureHeaders
+
+Use `ConfigureHeaders` when you need:
+
+* **Strongly-typed headers** like `Authorization`, `CacheControl`, `Accept`, `IfModifiedSince`
+* **Headers with quality values** (e.g., `Accept: application/json;q=0.9`)
+* **Headers with multiple properties** (e.g., `CacheControl` with NoCache, NoStore, MaxAge)
+* **Collection-based headers** that support multiple values with typed entries
+* **Direct access** to the `HttpRequestHeaders` API
+
+For simple string-based headers (like `X-Correlation-Id` or `X-Tenant`), prefer `WithHeader` instead - it validates immediately, performs better, and keeps your code simpler.
+
+### Performance Notes
+
+`ConfigureHeaders` uses deferred execution, which means:
+
+* Configurators are stored in a list and executed when the request is built.
+* Multiple configurators have a small overhead compared to a single call.
+* For high-throughput scenarios with simple headers, prefer `WithHeader`.
+
+However, for most applications, the performance difference is negligible, and the strongly-typed API provides better compile-time safety and IntelliSense support.
+
 ## Reserved Headers
 
 FluentHttpClient intentionally restricts a small set of HTTP headers that are controlled by the underlying `HttpClient` and its transport layers. These headers define wire-level framing and routing behavior, and overriding them can produce ambiguous requests, protocol violations, or security issues.
 
-Because of this, the fluent header extensions do **not** allow setting the following headers:
+Because of this, the fluent string-header extensions (`WithHeader` and `WithHeaders`) do **not** allow setting the following headers:
 
 * `Host`
 * `Content-Length`
@@ -97,9 +199,9 @@ These values are determined automatically based on the request URI, the configur
 
 ### Advanced Usage
 
-This restriction only applies to the high-level fluent extensions. If advanced scenarios require manual control of these headers, you can still modify the underlying `HttpRequestMessage` using a configuration delegate (for example, via [`When`](./conditional-configuration.md) with an always-true bool or predicate). This opt-in approach allows experienced users to take full control without exposing casual users to common footguns.
+This restriction only applies to the `WithHeader` and `Withheaders` fluent extensions. If advanced scenarios require manual control of these headers, you can still accomplish this using `ConfigureHeaders`. This opt-in approach allows experienced users to take full control without exposing casual users to common footguns.
 
-In short, the fluent API keeps the safe path safe, while still leaving the door open for expert customization or tom-foolery when needed.
+In short, the fluent API keeps the simple path safe, while still leaving the door open for expert customization or tom-foolery when needed.
 
 :::tip Indirect Control
 
@@ -166,15 +268,33 @@ var builder = client
 
 ## Behavior Notes
 
-All of these methods work by adding actions to `HttpRequestBuilder.HeaderConfigurators`:
+### String Header Methods
+
+`WithHeader` and `WithHeaders` methods:
+
+* Store headers in an internal dictionary with **immediate validation**.
+* Validate header keys and values when the method is called (fail-fast).
+* Reject reserved headers (`Host`, `Content-Length`, `Transfer-Encoding`) immediately.
+* Headers are case-insensitive (per HTTP specification).
+* Multiple values for the same header key are supported and accumulated.
+* Headers are applied to the `HttpRequestMessage` when the request is built.
+
+### Typed Header Methods
+
+`WithAuthentication`, `WithBasicAuthentication`, `WithOAuthBearerToken`, and `ConfigureHeaders`:
+
+* Add deferred configurators to `HttpRequestBuilder.HeaderConfigurators`.
+* Validation occurs when the request is built (when you call `SendAsync`).
+* Multiple configurators are cumulative and applied in order.
+* The last configurator that sets a particular header wins (e.g., `Authorization`).
+* Configurators have direct access to strongly-typed header properties.
+
+### General Behavior
 
-* Headers are applied when the request is built (for example, when you call `SendAsync`).
-* Multiple calls to header methods are cumulative:
-  * Multiple non-auth headers are combined as expected.
-  * The most recent method that sets `Authorization` wins.
-* Headers are added via `TryAddWithoutValidation`, which:
-  * Skips strict header format checks.
-  * Still respects HTTP semantics at send time.
+* All header configuration is cumulative - multiple calls add or update headers.
+* String headers and typed headers can be mixed in the same request.
+* Headers set via `WithHeader` take effect before typed header configurators run.
+* Reserved headers (`Host`, `Content-Length`, `Transfer-Encoding`) cannot be set via string methods but may be set via advanced techniques (see Reserved Headers section).
 
 ---
 
@@ -186,6 +306,7 @@ All of these methods work by adding actions to `HttpRequestBuilder.HeaderConfigu
 | `WithHeader(string key, IEnumerable<string> values)`                          | Add a header with multiple values.              |
 | `WithHeaders(IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> headers)`              | Add multiple headers, one value each.           |
 | `WithHeaders(IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, IEnumerable<string>>> headers)` | Add multiple headers with multiple values each. |
+| `ConfigureHeaders(Action<HttpRequestHeaders> configure)`                      | Configure strongly-typed headers directly.      |
 | `WithAuthentication(string scheme, string token)`                             | Set `Authorization` with a custom scheme.       |
 | `WithBasicAuthentication(string token)`                                       | Set `Authorization: Basic {token}`.             |
 | `WithBasicAuthentication(string username, string password)`                   | Build and set a Basic auth token.               |