gropengl.cpp

#if defined(_WIN32)
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <direct.h>
#endif

#if !defined __APPLE_CC__ && defined SCP_UNIX
#include<glad/glad_glx.h>
//Required because X defines none and always, which is used later
#undef None
#undef Always
#endif

#include "gropengl.h"
#include "ShaderProgram.h"
#include "gropenglbmpman.h"
#include "gropengldeferred.h"
#include "gropengldraw.h"
#include "gropenglopenxr.h"
#include "gropenglpostprocessing.h"
#include "gropenglquery.h"
#include "gropenglshader.h"
#include "gropenglstate.h"
#include "gropenglsync.h"
#include "gropengltexture.h"
#include "gropengltnl.h"

#include "bmpman/bmpman.h"
#include "cfile/cfile.h"
#include "cmdline/cmdline.h"
#include "ddsutils/ddsutils.h"
#include "debugconsole/console.h"
#include "graphics/2d.h"
#include "graphics/matrix.h"
#include "libs/renderdoc/renderdoc.h"
#include "lighting/lighting.h"
#include "math/floating.h"
#include "model/model.h"
#include "options/Option.h"
#include "osapi/osapi.h"
#include "osapi/osregistry.h"
#include "pngutils/pngutils.h"
#ifdef USE_OPENGL_ES
#include "es_compatibility.h"
#endif

#include <glad/glad.h>

// minimum GL / GLES version we can reliably support is 3.2
static const int MIN_REQUIRED_GL_VERSION = 32;

// minimum GLSL version we can reliably support is 110
static const int MIN_REQUIRED_GLSL_VERSION = 150;

int GL_version = 0;
int GLSL_version = 0;

bool GL_initted = 0;

//0==no fog
//1==linear
//2==fog coord EXT
//3==NV Radial
int OGL_fogmode = 0;

int Use_PBOs = 0;

static ubyte *GL_saved_screen = NULL;
static int GL_saved_screen_id = -1;
static GLuint GL_screen_pbo = 0;

float GL_alpha_threshold = 0.0f;

extern const char *Osreg_title;
extern SCP_string Window_title;

extern GLfloat GL_anisotropy;

static GLenum GL_read_format = GL_BGRA;

GLuint GL_vao = 0;

SCP_string GL_implementation_id;
SCP_vector<GLint> GL_binary_formats;

static std::unique_ptr<os::OpenGLContext> GL_context = nullptr;

static std::unique_ptr<os::GraphicsOperations> graphic_operations = nullptr;
static os::Viewport* current_viewport = nullptr;

void gr_opengl_clear()
{
	float red = gr_screen.current_clear_color.red / 255.0f;
	float green = gr_screen.current_clear_color.green / 255.0f;
	float blue = gr_screen.current_clear_color.blue / 255.0f;
	float alpha = gr_screen.current_clear_color.alpha / 255.0f;

	if ( High_dynamic_range ) {
		const float SRGB_GAMMA = 2.2f;

		red = pow(red, SRGB_GAMMA);
		green = pow(green, SRGB_GAMMA);
		blue = pow(blue, SRGB_GAMMA);
	}

	// Make sure that all channels are enabled before doing this.
	GL_state.ColorMask(true, true, true, true);

	glClearColor(red, green, blue, alpha);

	glClear ( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
}

void gr_opengl_flip()
{
	if (!GL_initted)
		return;

	if (Cmdline_window_res) {
		GL_state.PopFramebufferState();

		glViewport(0, 0, Cmdline_window_res->first, Cmdline_window_res->second);

		opengl_shader_set_current(gr_opengl_maybe_create_shader(SDR_TYPE_GAMMA_BLIT, 0));

		GL_state.Texture.Enable(0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, Back_texture);
		Current_shader->program->Uniforms.setTextureUniform("tex", 0);

		GL_state.SetAlphaBlendMode(gr_alpha_blend::ALPHA_BLEND_NONE);
		GL_state.SetZbufferType(ZBUFFER_TYPE_NONE);

		opengl_set_generic_uniform_data<graphics::generic_data::gamma_blit_data>(
			[](graphics::generic_data::gamma_blit_data* data) {
				data->gamma = Cmdline_no_set_gamma ? 1.f : Gr_gamma;
			});

		opengl_draw_full_screen_textured(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
	}

	if (Cmdline_gl_finish)
		glFinish();

	Assertion(GL_state.ValidForFlip(), "OpenGL state is invalid!");

	current_viewport->swapBuffers();

	opengl_tcache_frame();

#ifndef NDEBUG
	int ic = opengl_check_for_errors();

	if (ic) {
		mprintf(("!!DEBUG!! OpenGL Errors this frame: %i\n", ic));
	}
#endif
}

void gr_opengl_setup_frame() {
	if (!GL_initted)
		return;

	if (Cmdline_window_res) {
		GL_state.PushFramebufferState();
		GL_state.BindFrameBuffer(Back_framebuffer);
		glViewport(0, 0, gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h);
	}
}

void gr_opengl_set_clip(int x, int y, int w, int h, int resize_mode)
{
	// check for sanity of parameters
	if (x < 0) {
		x = 0;
	}

	if (y < 0) {
		y = 0;
	}

	int to_resize = (resize_mode != GR_RESIZE_NONE && resize_mode != GR_RESIZE_REPLACE && (gr_screen.custom_size || (gr_screen.rendering_to_texture != -1)));

	int max_w = ((to_resize) ? gr_screen.max_w_unscaled : gr_screen.max_w);
	int max_h = ((to_resize) ? gr_screen.max_h_unscaled : gr_screen.max_h);

	if ((gr_screen.rendering_to_texture != -1) && to_resize) {
		gr_unsize_screen_pos(&max_w, &max_h);
	}

	if (resize_mode != GR_RESIZE_REPLACE) {
		if (x >= max_w) {
			x = max_w - 1;
		}

		if (y >= max_h) {
			y = max_h - 1;
		}

		if (x + w > max_w) {
			w = max_w - x;
		}

		if (y + h > max_h) {
			h = max_h - y;
		}

		if (w > max_w) {
			w = max_w;
		}

		if (h > max_h) {
			h = max_h;
		}
	}

	gr_screen.offset_x_unscaled = x;
	gr_screen.offset_y_unscaled = y;
	gr_screen.clip_left_unscaled = 0;
	gr_screen.clip_right_unscaled = w-1;
	gr_screen.clip_top_unscaled = 0;
	gr_screen.clip_bottom_unscaled = h-1;
	gr_screen.clip_width_unscaled = w;
	gr_screen.clip_height_unscaled = h;

	if (to_resize) {
		gr_resize_screen_pos(&x, &y, &w, &h, resize_mode);
	} else {
		gr_unsize_screen_pos( &gr_screen.offset_x_unscaled, &gr_screen.offset_y_unscaled );
		gr_unsize_screen_pos( &gr_screen.clip_right_unscaled, &gr_screen.clip_bottom_unscaled );
		gr_unsize_screen_pos( &gr_screen.clip_width_unscaled, &gr_screen.clip_height_unscaled );
	}

	gr_screen.offset_x = x;
	gr_screen.offset_y = y;
	gr_screen.clip_left = 0;
	gr_screen.clip_right = w-1;
	gr_screen.clip_top = 0;
	gr_screen.clip_bottom = h-1;
	gr_screen.clip_width = w;
	gr_screen.clip_height = h;

	gr_screen.clip_aspect = i2fl(w) / i2fl(h);
	gr_screen.clip_center_x = (gr_screen.clip_left + gr_screen.clip_right) * 0.5f;
	gr_screen.clip_center_y = (gr_screen.clip_top + gr_screen.clip_bottom) * 0.5f;

	// just return early if we aren't actually going to need the scissor test
	if ( (x == 0) && (y == 0) && (w == max_w) && (h == max_h) ) {
		GL_state.ScissorTest(GL_FALSE);
		return;
	}

	GL_state.ScissorTest(GL_TRUE);
	if(GL_rendering_to_texture) {
		glScissor(x, y, w, h);
	} else {
		glScissor(x, gr_screen.max_h-y-h, w, h);
	}
}

void gr_opengl_reset_clip()
{
	gr_screen.offset_x = gr_screen.offset_x_unscaled = 0;
	gr_screen.offset_y = gr_screen.offset_y_unscaled = 0;
	gr_screen.clip_left = gr_screen.clip_left_unscaled = 0;
	gr_screen.clip_top = gr_screen.clip_top_unscaled = 0;
	gr_screen.clip_right = gr_screen.clip_right_unscaled = gr_screen.max_w - 1;
	gr_screen.clip_bottom = gr_screen.clip_bottom_unscaled = gr_screen.max_h - 1;
	gr_screen.clip_width = gr_screen.clip_width_unscaled = gr_screen.max_w;
	gr_screen.clip_height = gr_screen.clip_height_unscaled = gr_screen.max_h;

	if (gr_screen.custom_size) {
		gr_unsize_screen_pos( &gr_screen.clip_right_unscaled, &gr_screen.clip_bottom_unscaled );
		gr_unsize_screen_pos( &gr_screen.clip_width_unscaled, &gr_screen.clip_height_unscaled );
	}

	gr_screen.clip_aspect = i2fl(gr_screen.clip_width) / i2fl(gr_screen.clip_height);
	gr_screen.clip_center_x = (gr_screen.clip_left + gr_screen.clip_right) * 0.5f;
	gr_screen.clip_center_y = (gr_screen.clip_top + gr_screen.clip_bottom) * 0.5f;

	GL_state.ScissorTest(GL_FALSE);
}

void gr_opengl_print_screen(const char *filename)
{
	char tmp[MAX_PATH_LEN];
	GLubyte *pixels = NULL;
	GLuint pbo = 0;

	// save to a "screenshots" directory and tack on the filename
	snprintf(tmp, MAX_PATH_LEN, "screenshots/%s.png", filename);

    _mkdir(os_get_config_path("screenshots").c_str());

	GL_state.PushFramebufferState();
	GL_state.BindFrameBuffer(Cmdline_window_res ? Back_framebuffer : 0, GL_FRAMEBUFFER);

	//Reading from the front buffer here seems to no longer work correctly; that just reads back all zeros
	glReadBuffer(Cmdline_window_res ? GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 : GL_FRONT);

	// Clamp float values to [0,1] when reading from the GL_RGBA16F back framebuffer.
	// The default GL_FIXED_ONLY only clamps fixed-point FBOs, leaving float FBO reads
	// with out-of-range values (HDR > 1.0) producing undefined behavior when converted
	// to integer types, which manifests as rainbow artifacts on bright areas.
	glClampColor(GL_CLAMP_READ_COLOR, GL_TRUE);

	// now for the data
	if (Use_PBOs) {
		Assert( !pbo );
		glGenBuffers(1, &pbo);

		if ( !pbo ) {
			glClampColor(GL_CLAMP_READ_COLOR, GL_FIXED_ONLY);
			return;
		}

		glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, pbo);
		glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, (gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h * 4), NULL, GL_STATIC_READ);

		glReadPixels(0, 0, gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV, NULL);

		// map the image data so that we can save it to file
		pixels = (GLubyte*) glMapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, GL_READ_ONLY);
	} else {
		pixels = (GLubyte*) vm_malloc(gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h * 4, memory::quiet_alloc);

		if (pixels == NULL) {
			glClampColor(GL_CLAMP_READ_COLOR, GL_FIXED_ONLY);
			return;
		}

		glReadPixels(0, 0, gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV, pixels);
		glFlush();
	}

	glClampColor(GL_CLAMP_READ_COLOR, GL_FIXED_ONLY);

	// Force alpha to fully opaque so screenshots are not saved with transparency.
	// The framebuffer alpha can be < 255 due to blending operations affecting the alpha
	// channel as a side effect, even though the rendered image itself is opaque.
	int num_pixels = gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h;
	for (int i = 0; i < num_pixels; i++) {
		pixels[i * 4 + 3] = 255;
	}

	if (!png_write_bitmap(os_get_config_path(tmp).c_str(), gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, true, pixels)) {
		ReleaseWarning(LOCATION, "Failed to write screenshot to \"%s\".", os_get_config_path(tmp).c_str());
	}

	if (pbo) {
		glUnmapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER);
		pixels = NULL;
		glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);
		glDeleteBuffers(1, &pbo);
	}

	GL_state.PopFramebufferState();

	if (pixels != NULL) {
		vm_free(pixels);
	}
}

SCP_string gr_opengl_blob_screen()
{
	GLubyte* pixels = nullptr;
	GLuint pbo = 0;

	GL_state.PushFramebufferState();

	GLuint source_fbo = 0;

	GLuint render_target = opengl_get_rtt_framebuffer();
	if (render_target != 0) {
		source_fbo = render_target;
	}
	else if (Cmdline_window_res) {
		source_fbo = Back_framebuffer;
	}

	GL_state.BindFrameBuffer(source_fbo, GL_FRAMEBUFFER);

	//Reading from the front buffer here seems to no longer work correctly; that just reads back all zeros
	glReadBuffer(source_fbo != 0 ? GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 : GL_FRONT);

	// now for the data
	if (Use_PBOs) {
		Assert(!pbo);
		glGenBuffers(1, &pbo);

		if (!pbo) {
			return "";
		}

		glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, pbo);
		glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, (gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h * 4), NULL, GL_STATIC_READ);

		glReadPixels(0, 0, gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV, NULL);

		// map the image data so that we can save it to file
		pixels = (GLubyte*)glMapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, GL_READ_ONLY);
	}
	else {
		pixels = (GLubyte*)vm_malloc(gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h * 4, memory::quiet_alloc);

		if (pixels == nullptr) {
			return "";
		}

		glReadPixels(0, 0, gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV, pixels);
		glFlush();
	}

	SCP_string result = png_b64_bitmap(gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, true, pixels);

	if (pbo) {
		glUnmapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER);
		pixels = NULL;
		glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);
		glDeleteBuffers(1, &pbo);
	}

	GL_state.PopFramebufferState();

	if (pixels != nullptr) {
		vm_free(pixels);
	}

	return "data:image/png;base64," + result;
}

void gr_opengl_dump_envmap(const char* filename)
{
	char tmp[MAX_PATH_LEN];
	GLubyte* pixels = nullptr;

	_mkdir(os_get_config_path("envmaps").c_str());

	auto width = 512; // These are the hardcoded envmap dimensions
	auto height = 512; // in future envmap resolution should be dynamic, or at least extracted from envmap_render_target
	auto sphere_width = 4 * width;
	auto sphere_height = 2 * height;
	auto env_tex = bm_get_gr_info<tcache_slot_opengl>(ENVMAP);
	glBindTexture(env_tex->texture_target, env_tex->texture_id);

	// Save the previous render target so we can reset it once we are done here
	auto previous_target = gr_screen.rendering_to_texture;

	// New render target
	int sm_flags = (BMP_FLAG_RENDER_TARGET_STATIC);
	int spheremap_render_target = bm_make_render_target(sphere_width, sphere_height, sm_flags);
	bm_set_render_target(spheremap_render_target);
	
	// Set up cubemap to spherical shader and draw
	int env_shader = gr_opengl_maybe_create_shader(SDR_TYPE_ENVMAP_SPHERE_WARP, 0);
	opengl_shader_set_current(env_shader);
	GL_state.Texture.Enable(0, GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, env_tex->texture_id);
	Current_shader->program->Uniforms.setTextureUniform("envmap", 0);
	gr_clear();
	opengl_draw_full_screen_textured(0.0f, 0.0f, Scene_texture_u_scale, Scene_texture_v_scale);

	bm_set_render_target(previous_target);

	// load texture info and write to file
	auto sphere_tex = bm_get_gr_info<tcache_slot_opengl>(spheremap_render_target);
	glBindTexture(sphere_tex->texture_target, sphere_tex->texture_id);
	pixels = (GLubyte*)vm_malloc(sphere_width * sphere_height * 4, memory::quiet_alloc);
	glGetTexImage(sphere_tex->texture_target, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
	snprintf(tmp, MAX_PATH_LEN, "envmaps/%s.png", filename);
	if (!png_write_bitmap(os_get_config_path(tmp).c_str(), 4 * width, 2 * height, true, pixels)) {
		ReleaseWarning(LOCATION, "Failed to write envmap to \"%s\".", os_get_config_path(tmp).c_str());
	}

	// cleanup
	if (!bm_release(spheremap_render_target, 1)) {
		Warning(LOCATION, "Unable to release environment map render target.");
	}
	
	if (pixels != nullptr) {
		vm_free(pixels);
	}
}

void gr_opengl_shutdown()
{
	opengl_tcache_shutdown();
	opengl_tnl_shutdown();
	opengl_scene_texture_shutdown();
	opengl_post_process_shutdown();
	opengl_shader_shutdown();

	GL_initted = false;

	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &GL_vao);
	GL_vao = 0;

	graphic_operations->makeOpenGLContextCurrent(nullptr, nullptr);
	GL_context = nullptr;
}

void gr_opengl_cleanup(bool closing, int  /*minimize*/)
{
	if ( !GL_initted ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( !closing && !Fred_running ) {
		gr_reset_clip();
		gr_clear();
		gr_flip();
		gr_clear();
		gr_flip();
		gr_clear();
	}

	GL_initted = false;

	opengl_tcache_flush();

	current_viewport = nullptr;

	// All windows have to be closed before we destroy the OpenGL context
	os::closeAllViewports();

	gr_opengl_shutdown();

	graphic_operations.reset();
}

int gr_opengl_set_cull(int cull)
{
	GLboolean enabled = GL_FALSE;

	if (cull) {
		enabled = GL_state.CullFace(GL_TRUE);
		GL_state.FrontFaceValue(GL_CCW);
		GL_state.CullFaceValue(GL_BACK);
	} else {
		enabled = GL_state.CullFace(GL_FALSE);
	}

	return (enabled) ? 1 : 0;
}

void gr_opengl_set_clear_color(int r, int g, int b)
{
	gr_init_color(&gr_screen.current_clear_color, r, g, b);
}

int gr_opengl_set_color_buffer(int mode)
{
	bvec4 enabled;

	if ( mode ) {
		enabled = GL_state.ColorMask(true, true, true, true);
	} else {
		enabled = GL_state.ColorMask(false, false, false, false);
	}

	GL_state.SetAlphaBlendMode(ALPHA_BLEND_ALPHA_BLEND_ALPHA);

	// Check if all channels are active
	return enabled.x && enabled.y && enabled.z && enabled.w;
}

int gr_opengl_zbuffer_get()
{
	if ( !gr_global_zbuffering ) {
		return GR_ZBUFF_NONE;
	}

	return gr_zbuffering_mode;
}

int gr_opengl_zbuffer_set(int mode)
{
	int tmp = gr_zbuffering_mode;

	gr_zbuffering_mode = mode;

	if (gr_zbuffering_mode == GR_ZBUFF_NONE) {
		gr_zbuffering = 0;
		GL_state.SetZbufferType(ZBUFFER_TYPE_NONE);
	} else if ( gr_zbuffering_mode == GR_ZBUFF_READ ) {
		gr_zbuffering = 1;
		GL_state.SetZbufferType(ZBUFFER_TYPE_READ);
	} else {
		gr_zbuffering = 1;
		GL_state.SetZbufferType(ZBUFFER_TYPE_FULL);
	}

	return tmp;
}

void gr_opengl_zbuffer_clear(int mode)
{
	if (mode) {
		gr_zbuffering = 1;
		gr_zbuffering_mode = GR_ZBUFF_FULL;
		gr_global_zbuffering = 1;

		GL_state.SetAlphaBlendMode(ALPHA_BLEND_NONE);
		GL_state.SetZbufferType(ZBUFFER_TYPE_FULL);

		glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
	} else {
		gr_zbuffering = 0;
		gr_zbuffering_mode = GR_ZBUFF_NONE;
		gr_global_zbuffering = 0;

		GL_state.DepthTest(GL_FALSE);
	}
}

int gr_opengl_stencil_set(int mode)
{
	int tmp = gr_stencil_mode;

	gr_stencil_mode = mode;

	if ( mode == GR_STENCIL_READ ) {
		GL_state.StencilTest(1);
		GL_state.StencilFunc(GL_NOTEQUAL, 1, 0xFFFF);
		GL_state.StencilOpSeparate(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP);
	} else if ( mode == GR_STENCIL_WRITE ) {
		GL_state.StencilTest(1);
		GL_state.StencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS, 1, 0xFFFF);
		GL_state.StencilOpSeparate(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_REPLACE);
	} else {
		GL_state.StencilTest(0);
		GL_state.StencilFunc(GL_NEVER, 1, 0xFFFF);
		GL_state.StencilOpSeparate(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP);
	}

	return tmp;
}

void gr_opengl_stencil_clear()
{
	glClear(GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
}

int gr_opengl_alpha_mask_set(int mode, float alpha)
{
	if ( mode ) {
		GL_alpha_threshold = alpha;
	} else {
		GL_alpha_threshold = 0.0f;
	}

	// alpha masking is deprecated
	return mode;
}

void gr_opengl_get_region(int  /*front*/, int w, int h, ubyte *data)
{

//	if (front) {
//		glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT);
//	} else {
		glReadBuffer(GL_BACK);
//	}

	GL_state.SetAlphaBlendMode(ALPHA_BLEND_NONE);
	GL_state.SetZbufferType(ZBUFFER_TYPE_NONE);

	if (gr_screen.bits_per_pixel == 16) {
		glReadPixels(0, gr_screen.max_h-h, w, h, GL_BGRA, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV, data);
	} else if (gr_screen.bits_per_pixel == 32) {
		glReadPixels(0, gr_screen.max_h-h, w, h, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV, data);
	}


}

int  gr_opengl_save_screen()
{
	int i;
	ubyte *sptr = NULL, *dptr = NULL;
	ubyte *opengl_screen_tmp = NULL;
	int width_times_pixel;

	gr_opengl_reset_clip();

	if (GL_saved_screen || GL_screen_pbo) {
		// already have a screen saved so just bail...
		return -1;
	}

	GL_saved_screen = (ubyte*)vm_malloc( gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h * 4, memory::quiet_alloc);

	if (!GL_saved_screen) {
		mprintf(( "Couldn't get memory for saved screen!\n" ));
 		return -1;
	}

	GLboolean save_state = GL_state.DepthTest(GL_FALSE);

	GL_state.PushFramebufferState();
	GL_state.BindFrameBuffer(Cmdline_window_res ? Back_framebuffer : 0, GL_FRAMEBUFFER);

	//Reading from the front buffer here seems to no longer work correctly; that just reads back all zeros
	glReadBuffer(Cmdline_window_res ? GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 : GL_FRONT);

	if ( Use_PBOs ) {
		GLubyte *pixels = NULL;

		glGenBuffers(1, &GL_screen_pbo);

		if (!GL_screen_pbo) {
			if (GL_saved_screen) {
				vm_free(GL_saved_screen);
				GL_saved_screen = NULL;
			}

			return -1;
		}

		glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, GL_screen_pbo);
		glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h * 4, NULL, GL_STATIC_READ);

		glReadPixels(0, 0, gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, GL_read_format, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV, NULL);

		pixels = (GLubyte*)glMapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, GL_READ_ONLY);

		width_times_pixel = (gr_screen.max_w * 4);

		sptr = (ubyte *)pixels;
		dptr = (ubyte *)&GL_saved_screen[gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h * 4];

		for (i = 0; i < gr_screen.max_h; i++) {
			dptr -= width_times_pixel;
			memcpy(dptr, sptr, width_times_pixel);
			sptr += width_times_pixel;
		}

		glUnmapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER);
		glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);

		glDeleteBuffers(1, &GL_screen_pbo);
		GL_screen_pbo = 0;

		GL_saved_screen_id = bm_create(32, gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, GL_saved_screen, 0);
	} else {
		opengl_screen_tmp = (ubyte*)vm_malloc( gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h * 4, memory::quiet_alloc);

		if (!opengl_screen_tmp) {
			if (GL_saved_screen) {
				vm_free(GL_saved_screen);
				GL_saved_screen = NULL;
			}

			mprintf(( "Couldn't get memory for temporary saved screen!\n" ));
			GL_state.DepthTest(save_state);
	 		return -1;
	 	}

		glReadPixels(0, 0, gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, GL_read_format, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV, opengl_screen_tmp);

		sptr = (ubyte *)&opengl_screen_tmp[gr_screen.max_w * gr_screen.max_h * 4];
		dptr = (ubyte *)GL_saved_screen;

		width_times_pixel = (gr_screen.max_w * 4);

		for (i = 0; i < gr_screen.max_h; i++) {
			sptr -= width_times_pixel;
			memcpy(dptr, sptr, width_times_pixel);
			dptr += width_times_pixel;
		}

		vm_free(opengl_screen_tmp);

		GL_saved_screen_id = bm_create(32, gr_screen.max_w, gr_screen.max_h, GL_saved_screen, 0);
	}

	GL_state.PopFramebufferState();
	GL_state.DepthTest(save_state);

	return GL_saved_screen_id;
}

void gr_opengl_restore_screen(int bmp_id)
{
	gr_reset_clip();

	if ( !GL_saved_screen ) {
		gr_clear();
		return;
	}

	Assert( (bmp_id < 0) || (bmp_id == GL_saved_screen_id) );

	if (GL_saved_screen_id < 0)
		return;

	gr_set_bitmap(GL_saved_screen_id);
	gr_bitmap(0, 0, GR_RESIZE_NONE);	// don't scale here since we already have real screen size
}

void gr_opengl_free_screen(int bmp_id)
{
	if (!GL_saved_screen)
		return;

	vm_free(GL_saved_screen);
	GL_saved_screen = NULL;

	Assert( (bmp_id < 0) || (bmp_id == GL_saved_screen_id) );

	if (GL_saved_screen_id < 0)
		return;

	bm_release(GL_saved_screen_id);
	GL_saved_screen_id = -1;
}

//fill mode, solid/wire frame
void gr_opengl_set_fill_mode(int mode)
{
	if (mode == GR_FILL_MODE_SOLID) {
		GL_state.SetPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
		return;
	}

	if (mode == GR_FILL_MODE_WIRE) {
		GL_state.SetPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
		return;
	}

	// default setting
	GL_state.SetPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
}

void gr_opengl_zbias(int bias)
{
	if (bias) {
		GL_state.PolygonOffsetFill(GL_TRUE);
		if(bias < 0) {
			GL_state.SetPolygonOffset(1.0, -i2fl(bias));
		}
		else {
			GL_state.SetPolygonOffset(0.0, -i2fl(bias));
		}
	} else {
		GL_state.PolygonOffsetFill(GL_FALSE);
	}
}

void gr_opengl_set_line_width(float width)
{
	if (gr_lua_context_active()) {
		gr_lua_screen.line_width = width;
	} else {
		if (width <= 1.0f) {
			GL_state.SetLineWidth(width);
		}

		gr_screen.line_width = width;
	}
}

int opengl_check_for_errors(const char *err_at)
{
#ifdef NDEBUG
	return 0;
#endif
	int num_errors = 0;

	auto err = glGetError();

	if (err != GL_NO_ERROR) {
		if (err_at != NULL) {
			nprintf(("OpenGL", "OpenGL Error from %s: %#x\n", err_at, err));
		} else {
			nprintf(("OpenGL", "OpenGL Error:  %#x\n", err));
		}

		num_errors++;
	}

	return num_errors;
}

void opengl_set_vsync(bool enable)
{
	if (enable) {
		// Try to use adaptive vsync when supported
		if (!GL_context->setSwapInterval(-1)) {
			GL_context->setSwapInterval(1);
		}
	} else {
		GL_context->setSwapInterval(0);
	}
}

std::unique_ptr<os::Viewport> gr_opengl_create_viewport(const os::ViewPortProperties& props) {
	os::ViewPortProperties attrs = props;
	attrs.pixel_format.red_size = Gr_red.bits;
	attrs.pixel_format.green_size = Gr_green.bits;
	attrs.pixel_format.blue_size = Gr_blue.bits;
	attrs.pixel_format.alpha_size = (gr_screen.bits_per_pixel == 32) ? Gr_alpha.bits : 0;
	attrs.pixel_format.depth_size = (gr_screen.bits_per_pixel == 32) ? 24 : 16;
	attrs.pixel_format.stencil_size = (gr_screen.bits_per_pixel == 32) ? 8 : 1;

	attrs.pixel_format.multi_samples = os_config_read_uint(NULL, "OGL_AntiAliasSamples", 0);

	attrs.enable_opengl = true;
#ifndef USE_OPENGL_ES
	attrs.gl_attributes.profile = os::OpenGLProfile::Core;
#else
	attrs.gl_attributes.profile = os::OpenGLProfile::ES;
#endif

	return graphic_operations->createViewport(attrs);
}

void gr_opengl_use_viewport(os::Viewport* view) {
	graphic_operations->makeOpenGLContextCurrent(view, GL_context.get());
	current_viewport = view;

	auto size = view->getSize();
	gr_screen_resize(size.first, size.second);
}

int opengl_init_display_device()
{
	os::ViewPortProperties attrs;
	attrs.enable_opengl = true;

	attrs.gl_attributes.major_version = MIN_REQUIRED_GL_VERSION / 10;
	attrs.gl_attributes.minor_version = MIN_REQUIRED_GL_VERSION % 10;

#ifndef NDEBUG
	attrs.gl_attributes.flags.set(os::OpenGLContextFlags::Debug);
#endif

#ifndef USE_OPENGL_ES
	attrs.gl_attributes.profile = os::OpenGLProfile::Core;
#else
	attrs.gl_attributes.profile = os::OpenGLProfile::ES;
#endif

	attrs.display = os_config_read_uint("Video", "Display", 0);
	attrs.width = (uint32_t) gr_screen.max_w;
	attrs.height = (uint32_t) gr_screen.max_h;

	attrs.title = Osreg_title;
	if (!Window_title.empty()) {
		attrs.title = Window_title;
	}

	if (Cmdline_enable_vr) {
		// Force Windowed mode in VR
	} else if (Using_in_game_options) {
		switch (Gr_configured_window_state) {
		case os::ViewportState::Windowed:
			// That's the default
			break;
		case os::ViewportState::Borderless:
			attrs.flags.set(os::ViewPortFlags::Borderless);
			break;
		case os::ViewportState::Fullscreen:
			attrs.flags.set(os::ViewPortFlags::Fullscreen);
			break;
		}
	} else {
		if (!Cmdline_window && !Cmdline_fullscreen_window) {
			attrs.flags.set(os::ViewPortFlags::Fullscreen);
		} else if (Cmdline_fullscreen_window) {
			attrs.flags.set(os::ViewPortFlags::Borderless);
		}
	}

	if (Cmdline_capture_mouse)
		attrs.flags.set(os::ViewPortFlags::Capture_Mouse);

	auto viewport = gr_opengl_create_viewport(attrs);
	if (!viewport) {
		return 1;
	}

	const int gl_versions[] = { 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 33, 32 };

	// find the latest and greatest OpenGL context
	for (auto ver : gl_versions)
	{
		auto gl_attrs = attrs.gl_attributes;
		gl_attrs.major_version = ver / 10;
		gl_attrs.minor_version = ver % 10;

		GL_context = graphic_operations->createOpenGLContext(viewport.get(), gl_attrs);

		if (GL_context != nullptr)
		{
			break;
		}
	}

	if (GL_context == nullptr) {
		return 1;
	}

	auto port = os::addViewport(std::move(viewport));
	os::setMainViewPort(port);

	// We can't use gr_use_viewport because that tries to use OpenGL which hasn't been initialized yet
	graphic_operations->makeOpenGLContextCurrent(port, GL_context.get());
	current_viewport = port;

	return 0;
}

void gr_opengl_init_function_pointers()
{
	gr_screen.gf_flip				= gr_opengl_flip;
	gr_screen.gf_setup_frame		= gr_opengl_setup_frame;
	gr_screen.gf_set_clip			= gr_opengl_set_clip;
	gr_screen.gf_reset_clip			= gr_opengl_reset_clip;

	gr_screen.gf_clear				= gr_opengl_clear;
//	gr_screen.gf_bitmap				= gr_opengl_bitmap;

//	gr_screen.gf_rect				= gr_opengl_rect;

	gr_screen.gf_print_screen		= gr_opengl_print_screen;
	gr_screen.gf_blob_screen		= gr_opengl_blob_screen;
	gr_screen.gf_dump_envmap		= gr_opengl_dump_envmap;
	gr_screen.gf_calculate_irrmap	= gr_opengl_calculate_irrmap;

	gr_screen.gf_zbuffer_get		= gr_opengl_zbuffer_get;
	gr_screen.gf_zbuffer_set		= gr_opengl_zbuffer_set;
	gr_screen.gf_zbuffer_clear		= gr_opengl_zbuffer_clear;

	gr_screen.gf_stencil_set		= gr_opengl_stencil_set;
	gr_screen.gf_stencil_clear		= gr_opengl_stencil_clear;

	gr_screen.gf_alpha_mask_set		= gr_opengl_alpha_mask_set;

	gr_screen.gf_save_screen		= gr_opengl_save_screen;
	gr_screen.gf_restore_screen		= gr_opengl_restore_screen;
	gr_screen.gf_free_screen		= gr_opengl_free_screen;

	// UnknownPlayer : Don't recognize this - MAY NEED DEBUGGING
	gr_screen.gf_get_region			= gr_opengl_get_region;

	// now for the bitmap functions
	gr_screen.gf_bm_free_data			= gr_opengl_bm_free_data;
	gr_screen.gf_bm_create				= gr_opengl_bm_create;
	gr_screen.gf_bm_init				= gr_opengl_bm_init;
	gr_screen.gf_bm_page_in_start		= gr_opengl_bm_page_in_start;
	gr_screen.gf_bm_data				= gr_opengl_bm_data;
	gr_screen.gf_bm_make_render_target	= gr_opengl_bm_make_render_target;
	gr_screen.gf_bm_set_render_target	= gr_opengl_bm_set_render_target;

	gr_screen.gf_set_cull			= gr_opengl_set_cull;
	gr_screen.gf_set_color_buffer	= gr_opengl_set_color_buffer;

	gr_screen.gf_set_clear_color	= gr_opengl_set_clear_color;

	gr_screen.gf_preload			= gr_opengl_preload;

	gr_screen.gf_set_texture_addressing	= gr_opengl_set_texture_addressing;
	gr_screen.gf_zbias					= gr_opengl_zbias;
	gr_screen.gf_set_fill_mode			= gr_opengl_set_fill_mode;

	gr_screen.gf_create_buffer	= gr_opengl_create_buffer;
	gr_screen.gf_delete_buffer		= gr_opengl_delete_buffer;
	gr_screen.gf_update_buffer_data		= gr_opengl_update_buffer_data;
	gr_screen.gf_update_buffer_data_offset	= gr_opengl_update_buffer_data_offset;
	gr_screen.gf_map_buffer                 = gr_opengl_map_buffer;
	gr_screen.gf_flush_mapped_buffer        = gr_opengl_flush_mapped_buffer;
	gr_screen.gf_bind_uniform_buffer = gr_opengl_bind_uniform_buffer;

	gr_screen.gf_update_transform_buffer	= gr_opengl_update_transform_buffer;

	gr_screen.gf_post_process_set_effect	= gr_opengl_post_process_set_effect;
	gr_screen.gf_post_process_set_defaults	= gr_opengl_post_process_set_defaults;

	gr_screen.gf_post_process_begin		= gr_opengl_post_process_begin;
	gr_screen.gf_post_process_end		= gr_opengl_post_process_end;
	gr_screen.gf_post_process_save_zbuffer	= gr_opengl_post_process_save_zbuffer;
	gr_screen.gf_post_process_restore_zbuffer	= gr_opengl_post_process_restore_zbuffer;

	gr_screen.gf_scene_texture_begin = gr_opengl_scene_texture_begin;
	gr_screen.gf_scene_texture_end = gr_opengl_scene_texture_end;
	gr_screen.gf_copy_effect_texture = gr_opengl_copy_effect_texture;

	gr_screen.gf_deferred_lighting_begin = gr_opengl_deferred_lighting_begin;
	gr_screen.gf_deferred_lighting_msaa = gr_opengl_deferred_lighting_msaa;
	gr_screen.gf_deferred_lighting_end = gr_opengl_deferred_lighting_end;
	gr_screen.gf_deferred_lighting_finish = gr_opengl_deferred_lighting_finish;

	gr_screen.gf_set_line_width		= gr_opengl_set_line_width;

	gr_screen.gf_sphere				= gr_opengl_sphere;

	gr_screen.gf_maybe_create_shader = gr_opengl_maybe_create_shader;
	gr_screen.gf_recompile_all_shaders = gr_opengl_recompile_all_shaders;
	gr_screen.gf_shadow_map_start	= gr_opengl_shadow_map_start;
	gr_screen.gf_shadow_map_end		= gr_opengl_shadow_map_end;

	gr_screen.gf_render_shield_impact = gr_opengl_render_shield_impact;

	gr_screen.gf_update_texture = gr_opengl_update_texture;
	gr_screen.gf_get_bitmap_from_texture = gr_opengl_get_bitmap_from_texture;

	gr_screen.gf_clear_states	= gr_opengl_clear_states;

	gr_screen.gf_start_decal_pass = gr_opengl_start_decal_pass;
	gr_screen.gf_stop_decal_pass = gr_opengl_stop_decal_pass;

	gr_screen.gf_render_model = gr_opengl_render_model;
	gr_screen.gf_render_primitives= gr_opengl_render_primitives;
	gr_screen.gf_render_primitives_particle	= gr_opengl_render_primitives_particle;
	gr_screen.gf_render_primitives_batched	= gr_opengl_render_primitives_batched;
	gr_screen.gf_render_primitives_distortion = gr_opengl_render_primitives_distortion;
	gr_screen.gf_render_movie = gr_opengl_render_movie;
	gr_screen.gf_render_nanovg = gr_opengl_render_nanovg;
	gr_screen.gf_render_decals = gr_opengl_render_decals;
	gr_screen.gf_render_rocket_primitives     = gr_opengl_render_rocket_primitives;

	gr_screen.gf_is_capable = gr_opengl_is_capable;
	gr_screen.gf_get_property = gr_opengl_get_property;

	gr_screen.gf_push_debug_group = gr_opengl_push_debug_group;
	gr_screen.gf_pop_debug_group = gr_opengl_pop_debug_group;

	gr_screen.gf_create_query_object = gr_opengl_create_query_object;
	gr_screen.gf_query_value = gr_opengl_query_value;
	gr_screen.gf_query_value_available = gr_opengl_query_value_available;
	gr_screen.gf_get_query_value = gr_opengl_get_query_value;
	gr_screen.gf_delete_query_object = gr_opengl_delete_query_object;

	gr_screen.gf_create_viewport = gr_opengl_create_viewport;
	gr_screen.gf_use_viewport = gr_opengl_use_viewport;

	gr_screen.gf_sync_fence = gr_opengl_sync_fence;
	gr_screen.gf_sync_wait = gr_opengl_sync_wait;
	gr_screen.gf_sync_delete = gr_opengl_sync_delete;

	gr_screen.gf_set_viewport = gr_opengl_set_viewport;

	gr_screen.gf_override_fog = gr_opengl_override_fog;

	gr_screen.gf_openxr_get_extensions = gr_opengl_openxr_get_extensions;
	gr_screen.gf_openxr_test_capabilities = gr_opengl_openxr_test_capabilities;
	gr_screen.gf_openxr_create_session = gr_opengl_openxr_create_session;
	gr_screen.gf_openxr_get_swapchain_format = gr_opengl_openxr_get_swapchain_format;
	gr_screen.gf_openxr_acquire_swapchain_buffers = gr_opengl_openxr_acquire_swapchain_buffers;
	gr_screen.gf_openxr_flip = gr_opengl_openxr_flip;

	// NOTE: All function pointers here should have a Cmdline_nohtl check at the top
	//       if they shouldn't be run in non-HTL mode, Don't keep separate entries.
	// *****************************************************************************
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
static void APIENTRY debug_callback(GLenum source, GLenum type, GLuint id, GLenum severity,
						   GLsizei  /*length*/, const GLchar *message, const void * /*userParam*/) {
	if (source == GL_DEBUG_SOURCE_APPLICATION_ARB) {
		// Ignore application messages
		return;
	}

	const char* sourceStr;
	const char* typeStr;
	const char* severityStr;

	switch(source) {
		case GL_DEBUG_SOURCE_API_ARB:
			sourceStr = "OpenGL";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_SOURCE_WINDOW_SYSTEM_ARB:
			sourceStr = "WindowSys";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_SOURCE_SHADER_COMPILER_ARB:
			sourceStr = "Shader Compiler";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_SOURCE_THIRD_PARTY_ARB:
			sourceStr = "Third Party";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_SOURCE_APPLICATION_ARB:
			sourceStr = "Application";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_SOURCE_OTHER_ARB:
			sourceStr = "Other";
			break;
		default:
			sourceStr = "Unknown";
			break;
	}

	switch(type) {
		case GL_DEBUG_TYPE_ERROR_ARB:
			typeStr = "Error";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_TYPE_DEPRECATED_BEHAVIOR_ARB:
			typeStr = "Deprecated behavior";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_TYPE_UNDEFINED_BEHAVIOR_ARB:
			typeStr = "Undefined behavior";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_TYPE_PORTABILITY_ARB:
			typeStr = "Portability";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_ARB:
			typeStr = "Performance";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_TYPE_OTHER_ARB:
			typeStr = "Other";
			break;
		default:
			typeStr = "Unknown";
			break;
	}

	bool print_to_general_log = false;
	switch(severity) {
		case GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_HIGH_ARB:
			severityStr = "High";
			print_to_general_log = true; // High priority messages are sent to the normal log for later troubleshooting
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_MEDIUM_ARB:
			severityStr = "Medium";
			break;
		case GL_DEBUG_SEVERITY_LOW_ARB:
			severityStr = "Low";
			break;
		default:
			severityStr = "Unknown";
			break;
	}

	if (print_to_general_log) {
		mprintf(("OpenGL Debug: Source:%s\tType:%s\tID:%d\tSeverity:%s\tMessage:%s\n",
			sourceStr, typeStr, id, severityStr, message));
	} else {
		// We still print these messages but only to the special debug stream
		nprintf(("OpenGL Debug", "OpenGL Debug: Source:%s\tType:%s\tID:%d\tSeverity:%s\tMessage:%s\n",
			sourceStr, typeStr, id, severityStr, message));
	}
}

static bool hasPendingDebugMessage() {
	GLint numMsgs = 0;
	glGetIntegerv(GL_DEBUG_LOGGED_MESSAGES_ARB, &numMsgs);

	return numMsgs > 0;
}

static bool printNextDebugMessage() {
	if (!hasPendingDebugMessage()) {
		return false;
	}

	GLint msgLen = 0;
	glGetIntegerv(GL_DEBUG_NEXT_LOGGED_MESSAGE_LENGTH_ARB, &msgLen);

	SCP_vector<GLchar> msg;
	msg.resize(msgLen + 1); // Includes null character, needs to be removed later

	GLenum source;
	GLenum type;
	GLenum severity;
	GLuint id;
	GLsizei length;

	GLuint numFound = glGetDebugMessageLogARB(1, static_cast<GLsizei>(msg.size()), &source, &type, &id, &severity, &length, &msg[0]);

	if (numFound < 1) {
		return false;
	}

	debug_callback(source, type, id, severity, length, msg.data(), nullptr);

	return true;
}
#endif

static void init_extensions() {
	// Swifty put this in, but it's not doing anything. Once he uses it, he can uncomment it.
	//int use_base_vertex = Is_Extension_Enabled(OGL_ARB_DRAW_ELEMENTS_BASE_VERTEX);

	if ( !Cmdline_no_pbo ) {
		Use_PBOs = 1;
	}

	int ver = 0, major = 0, minor = 0;
	const char *glsl_ver = (const char*)glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION);

#ifndef USE_OPENGL_ES
	sscanf(glsl_ver, "%d.%d", &major, &minor);
#else
	sscanf(glsl_ver, "OpenGL ES GLSL ES %d.%d", &major, &minor);
#endif
	ver = (major * 100) + minor;

	GLSL_version = ver;

	// we require a minimum GLSL version
	if (GLSL_version < MIN_REQUIRED_GLSL_VERSION) {
		Error(LOCATION,  "Current GL Shading Language Version of %d is less than the required version of %d. Switch video modes or update your drivers.", GLSL_version, MIN_REQUIRED_GLSL_VERSION);
	}

	GLint max_texture_units;
	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS, &max_texture_units);

	// we need enough texture slots for this stuff to work

	if (max_texture_units < 6) {
		mprintf(( "Not enough texture units for height map support. We need at least 6, we found %d.\n", max_texture_units ));
		Cmdline_height = 0;
	} else if (max_texture_units < 5) {
		mprintf(( "Not enough texture units for height and normal map support. We need at least 5, we found %d.\n", max_texture_units ));
		Cmdline_normal = 0;
		Cmdline_height = 0;
	} else if (max_texture_units < 4) {
		Error(LOCATION, "Not enough texture units found for proper rendering support! We need at least 4, we found %d.", max_texture_units);
	}
}

bool gr_opengl_init(std::unique_ptr<os::GraphicsOperations>&& graphicsOps)
{
	if (GL_initted) {
		gr_opengl_cleanup(false);
		GL_initted = false;
	}

	mprintf(( "Initializing OpenGL graphics device at %ix%i with %i-bit color...\n",
		  gr_screen.max_w,
		  gr_screen.max_h,
		  gr_screen.bits_per_pixel ));

	// Load the RenderDoc API if available before doing anything with OpenGL
	renderdoc::loadApi();

	graphic_operations = std::move(graphicsOps);

	if ( opengl_init_display_device() ) {
		Error(LOCATION, "Unable to initialize display device!\n"
		      "This most likely means that your graphics drivers do not support the minimum required OpenGL version which is %d.%d.\n",
			  (MIN_REQUIRED_GL_VERSION / 10),
			  (MIN_REQUIRED_GL_VERSION % 10));
	}

	// Initialize function pointers
	if (!gladLoadGLLoader(GL_context->getLoaderFunction())) {
		Error(LOCATION, "Failed to load OpenGL!");
	}

#if !defined __APPLE_CC__ && defined SCP_UNIX
	if (!gladLoadGLXLoader(GL_context->getLoaderFunction(), nullptr, 0)) {
		Error(LOCATION, "Failed to load GLX!");
	}
#endif

	// version check
	GL_version = (GLVersion.major * 10) + GLVersion.minor;

	if (GL_version < MIN_REQUIRED_GL_VERSION) {
		Error(LOCATION, "Current GL Version of %d.%d is less than the "
			"required version of %d.%d.\n"
			"Switch video modes or update your drivers.",
			GLVersion.major,
			GLVersion.minor,
			(MIN_REQUIRED_GL_VERSION / 10),
			(MIN_REQUIRED_GL_VERSION % 10));
	}

	GL_initted = true;

#ifndef NDEBUG
	// Set up the debug extension if present
	if (GLAD_GL_ARB_debug_output) {
		nprintf(("OpenGL Debug", "Using OpenGL debug extension\n"));
		glEnable(GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT_SYNCHRONOUS_ARB);
		GLuint unusedIds = 0;
		glDebugMessageControlARB(GL_DONT_CARE, GL_DONT_CARE, GL_DONT_CARE, 0, &unusedIds, true);

		glDebugMessageCallbackARB(debug_callback, nullptr);

		// Now print all pending log messages
		while (hasPendingDebugMessage()) {
			printNextDebugMessage();
		}
	}
#endif

	mprintf(("  OpenGL Vendor    : %s\n", glGetString(GL_VENDOR)));
	mprintf(("  OpenGL Renderer  : %s\n", glGetString(GL_RENDERER)));
	mprintf(("  OpenGL Version   : %s\n", glGetString(GL_VERSION)));
	mprintf(( "  GLSL Version	  : %s\n", glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION)));
	mprintf(( "\n" ));
	mprintf(("Extensions: \n"));
	mprintf(("  Geo shader support : %s\n", GLAD_GL_ARB_gpu_shader5 ? NOX("YES") : NOX("NO")));
	mprintf(("  S3TC texture support : %s\n", GLAD_GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc ? NOX("YES") : NOX("NO")));
	mprintf(("  BPTC texture support : %s\n", GLAD_GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc ? NOX("YES") : NOX("NO")));

	#ifdef USE_OPENGL_ES
	GLint maxBuffers;
	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS, &maxBuffers);
	mprintf(("  Max draw buffers : %d\n", maxBuffers));

	if (maxBuffers < 6 && (Cmdline_deferred_lighting_cockpit || Cmdline_no_deferred_lighting != 0)) {
		Warning(LOCATION,
			"Deferred lightning is enabled in settings but the gpu does not support the minimum of 6 draw buffers. "
			"This will result in rendering errors.");
	}

	mprintf(("  Precompiled shaders support : %s\n", GLAD_GL_OES_get_program_binary ? NOX("YES") : NOX("NO")));
	mprintf(("  Immutable buffer storage support : %s\n", GLAD_GL_EXT_buffer_storage ? NOX("YES") : NOX("NO")));
	mprintf(("  BGRA8888 format support: %s\n", GLAD_GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888 ? NOX("YES") : NOX("NO")));
	mprintf(("  Anisotropic filter support: %s\n", GLAD_GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic ? NOX("YES") : NOX("NO")));
	//for a theorical GLES MSAA implementation
	mprintf(("  Multisampled render to texture support: %s\n", GLAD_GL_EXT_multisampled_render_to_texture ? NOX("YES") : NOX("NO")));
	mprintf(("  Multisampled render to texture support 2: %s\n", GLAD_GL_EXT_multisampled_render_to_texture2 ? NOX("YES") : NOX("NO")));
	glEnable(GL_BLEND); // needed for glBlendFunci
	#endif
	mprintf(("\n"));

	// Build a string identifier for this OpenGL implementation
	GL_implementation_id.clear();
	GL_implementation_id += reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
	GL_implementation_id += "\n";
	GL_implementation_id += reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_RENDERER));
	GL_implementation_id += "\n";
	GL_implementation_id += reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_VERSION));
	GL_implementation_id += "\n";
	GL_implementation_id += reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION));

	GLint formats = 0;
	glGetIntegerv(GL_NUM_PROGRAM_BINARY_FORMATS, &formats);
	GL_binary_formats.resize(formats);
	glGetIntegerv(GL_PROGRAM_BINARY_FORMATS, GL_binary_formats.data());

	init_extensions();

	// init state system (must come AFTER light is set up)
	GL_state.init();

	GLint max_texture_units = GL_supported_texture_units;
	GLint max_texture_coords = GL_supported_texture_units;

	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS, &max_texture_units);
	max_texture_coords = 1;

	// create vertex array object to make OpenGL Core happy
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &GL_vao);
	GL_state.BindVertexArray(GL_vao);

	GL_state.Texture.init(max_texture_units);
	GL_state.Array.init(max_texture_coords);
	GL_state.Constants.init();

	opengl_set_texture_target();
	GL_state.Texture.SetActiveUnit(0);
	GL_state.Texture.SetTarget(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	GL_state.Texture.Enable();

	// ready the texture system
	opengl_tcache_init();

	opengl_tnl_init();

	// setup default shaders, and shader related items
	opengl_shader_init();

	// post processing effects, after shaders are initialized
	opengl_setup_scene_textures();
	opengl_post_process_init();

	// must be called after extensions are setup
	opengl_set_vsync(Gr_enable_vsync);

	gr_reset_matrices();
	gr_setup_viewport();

	glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
	glClear(GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);

	#ifndef USE_OPENGL_ES
	glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_SEAMLESS);
	#endif

	glDepthRange(0.0, 1.0);

	glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);

	glFlush();

	Gr_current_red = &Gr_red;
	Gr_current_blue = &Gr_blue;
	Gr_current_green = &Gr_green;
	Gr_current_alpha = &Gr_alpha;

	// Initialize uniform buffer managers
	gr_uniform_buffer_managers_init();

	gr_setup_frame();
	gr_opengl_reset_clip();
	gr_opengl_clear();
	gr_opengl_flip();
	gr_setup_frame();
	gr_opengl_clear();
	gr_opengl_flip();
	gr_setup_frame();
	gr_opengl_clear();

	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_ELEMENTS_VERTICES, &GL_max_elements_vertices);
	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_ELEMENTS_INDICES, &GL_max_elements_indices);

	mprintf(( "  Max texture units: %i (%i)\n", GL_supported_texture_units, max_texture_units ));
	mprintf(( "  Max client texture states: %i (%i)\n", GL_supported_texture_units, max_texture_coords ));
	mprintf(( "  Max elements vertices: %i\n", GL_max_elements_vertices ));
	mprintf(( "  Max elements indices: %i\n", GL_max_elements_indices ));
	mprintf(( "  Max texture size: %ix%i\n", GL_max_texture_width, GL_max_texture_height ));

	mprintf(( "  Max render buffer size: %ix%i\n",
		  GL_max_renderbuffer_size,
		  GL_max_renderbuffer_size ));

	mprintf(("  Post-processing enabled: %s\n", (Gr_post_processing_enabled) ? "YES" : "NO"));
	mprintf(("  Using %s texture filter.\n", (GL_mipmap_filter) ? NOX("trilinear") : NOX("bilinear")));

	mprintf(("  Max uniform block size: %d\n", GL_state.Constants.GetMaxUniformBlockSize()));
	mprintf(("  Max uniform buffer bindings: %d\n", GL_state.Constants.GetMaxUniformBlockBindings()));
	mprintf(("  Uniform buffer byte offset alignment: %d\n", GL_state.Constants.GetUniformBufferOffsetAlignment()));

	// This stops fred crashing if no textures are set
	gr_screen.current_bitmap = -1;

	mprintf(("... OpenGL init is complete!\n"));

	if (Cmdline_ati_color_swap)
		GL_read_format = GL_RGBA;

	return true;
}

bool gr_opengl_is_capable(gr_capability capability)
{
	switch ( capability ) {
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_ENVIRONMENT_MAP:
		return true;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_NORMAL_MAP:
		return Cmdline_normal ? true : false;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_HEIGHT_MAP:
		return Cmdline_height ? true : false;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_SOFT_PARTICLES:
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_DISTORTION:
		return Gr_enable_soft_particles && !Cmdline_no_fbo && !Cmdline_no_geo_sdr_effects;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_POST_PROCESSING:
		return Gr_post_processing_enabled  && !Cmdline_no_fbo;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_DEFERRED_LIGHTING:
		return !Cmdline_no_fbo && light_deferred_enabled();
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_SHADOWS:
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_THICK_OUTLINE:
		return !Cmdline_no_geo_sdr_effects;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_BATCHED_SUBMODELS:
		return true;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMP_QUERY:
		return GLAD_GL_ARB_timer_query != 0; // Timestamp queries are available from 3.3 onwards
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_SEPARATE_BLEND_FUNCTIONS:
		return GLAD_GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend != 0; // We need an OpenGL extension for this
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_PERSISTENT_BUFFER_MAPPING:
		return GLAD_GL_ARB_buffer_storage != 0;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_BPTC:
		return GLAD_GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc != 0;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_LARGE_SHADER:
		return !Cmdline_no_large_shaders;
	case gr_capability::CAPABILITY_INSTANCED_RENDERING:
		return GLAD_GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding;
	}


	return false;
}

bool gr_opengl_get_property(gr_property prop, void* dest)
{
	switch (prop) {
	case gr_property::UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT:
		*((int*)dest) = GL_state.Constants.GetUniformBufferOffsetAlignment();
		return true;
	case gr_property::UNIFORM_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE:
		*((int*)dest) = GL_state.Constants.GetMaxUniformBlockSize();
		return true;
	case gr_property::MAX_ANISOTROPY:
		*((float*)dest) = GL_state.Constants.GetMaxAnisotropy();
		return true;
	default:
		return false;
	}
}

void gr_opengl_push_debug_group(const char* name) {
	if (GLAD_GL_KHR_debug) {
		glPushDebugGroup(GL_DEBUG_SOURCE_APPLICATION_KHR, 0, -1, name);
	}
}
void gr_opengl_pop_debug_group() {
	if (GLAD_GL_KHR_debug) {
		glPopDebugGroup();
	}
}
#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(FS_OPENGL_DEBUG) || defined(DOXYGEN)
void opengl_set_object_label(GLenum type, GLuint handle, const SCP_string& name) {
	if (GLAD_GL_KHR_debug) {
		glObjectLabel(type, handle, (GLsizei) name.size(), name.c_str());
	}
}
#endif

uint opengl_data_type_size(GLenum data_type)
{
	switch ( data_type ) {
	case GL_BYTE:
		return sizeof(GLbyte);
	case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
		return sizeof(GLubyte);
	case GL_SHORT:
		return sizeof(GLshort);
	case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
		return sizeof(GLushort);
	case GL_INT:
		return sizeof(GLint);
	case GL_UNSIGNED_INT:
		return sizeof(GLuint);
	case GL_FLOAT:
		return sizeof(GLfloat);
	case GL_DOUBLE:
		return sizeof(GLdouble);
	}

	return 0;
}

DCF(ogl_anisotropy, "toggles anisotropic filtering")
{
	bool process = true;
	int value;

	if ( gr_screen.mode != GR_OPENGL ) {
		dc_printf("Can only set anisotropic filter in OpenGL mode.\n");
		return;
	}

	if (dc_optional_string_either("help", "--help")) {
		dc_printf("Sets OpenGL anisotropic filtering level.\n");
		dc_printf("GL_anisotropy [int]  Valid values are 0 to %i. 0 turns off anisotropic filtering.\n",
		          (int)GL_state.Constants.GetMaxAnisotropy());
		process = false;
	}

	if (dc_optional_string_either("status", "--status") || dc_optional_string_either("?", "--?")) {
		dc_printf("Current anisotropic filter value is %i\n", (int)GL_anisotropy);
		process = false;
	}

	if (!process) {
		return;
	}

	if ( !GLAD_GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic ) {
		dc_printf("Error: Anisotropic filter is not settable!\n");
		return;
	}

	if (!dc_maybe_stuff_int(&value)) {
		// No arg passed, set to default
			GL_anisotropy = 1.0f;
		//	opengl_set_anisotropy();
			dc_printf("Anisotropic filter value reset to default level.\n");
	} else {
		GL_anisotropy = (GLfloat)value;
		//	opengl_set_anisotropy( (float)Dc_arg_float );
	}
}