From b6c379f476684ea6217722cd49462d7c424d780b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: liangziyue <chengjuliang66@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 2026 18:59:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] docs: add MaixCam2 shell terminal login password

Add MaixCam2 login credentials (username: root, password: sipeed)
to the SSH connection instructions in both Chinese and English docs.
---
 docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md | 2 +-
 docs/doc/zh/basic/linux_basic.md | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md b/docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md
index 03ff18c5..4d4aa78d 100644
--- a/docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md
+++ b/docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Here we mainly discuss transferring files through the network. Other methods can
 
 The terminal is a tool for communicating with and operating the Linux system, similar to Windows' `cmd` or `PowerShell`.
 
-For example, we can enter `ssh root@maixcam-xxxx.local` in the Terminal tool on a Windows system with PowerShell or on a Linux system. You can find the specific name in the device's `Settings->Device Information`, which allows us to connect to the device through the terminal (both username and password are `root` or `root` and `sipeed`).
+For example, we can enter `ssh root@maixcam-xxxx.local` in the Terminal tool on a Windows system with PowerShell or on a Linux system. You can find the specific name in the device's `Settings->Device Information`, which allows us to connect to the device through the terminal (the username and password of MaixCam and MaixCam Pro are both `root`; for MaixCam2, the username is `root` and the password is `sipeed`).
 
 Then, we can operate the device by entering commands. For instance, the `ls` command can list the files in the current directory of the device, while `cd` is used to switch to a different directory (similar to clicking folders in file management on a computer),
 
diff --git a/docs/doc/zh/basic/linux_basic.md b/docs/doc/zh/basic/linux_basic.md
index 99d1af07..bbe2b3e6 100644
--- a/docs/doc/zh/basic/linux_basic.md
+++ b/docs/doc/zh/basic/linux_basic.md
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Linux 是一个开源操作系统内核，提供了操作系统基本的内容
 
 终端就是通过`终端`这个软件与 Linux 系统进行通信和操作的工具，类似于 Windows 的`cmd`或者`PowerShell`。
 
-比如我们可以在电脑的 Window 系统中的 powershell 或者 Linux系统中的 终端 工具中输入`ssh root@maixcam-xxxx.local` 这里具体的名字在设备的`设置->设备信息`中可以看到，这样我们就可以通过终端连接到设备了(用户名和密码都是`root`)。
+比如我们可以在电脑的 Window 系统中的 powershell 或者 Linux系统中的 终端 工具中输入`ssh root@maixcam-xxxx.local` 这里具体的名字在设备的`设置->设备信息`中可以看到，这样我们就可以通过终端连接到设备了(MaixCam和MaixCamPro的用户名和密码是`root`，MaixCam2的用户名是`root`，密码是`sipeed`)。
 然后我们通过输入命令来操作设备，比如`ls`命令可以列出设备文件系统中当前目录下的文件, `cd` 用来切换当前所在的目录（就像电脑文件管理中点击文件夹切换目录一样），
 ```shell
 cd /     # 切换到根目录
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ print("标准输出:", stdout.decode())
 print("标准错误:", stderr.decode())
 ```
 
+> 注意：MaixCam进入shell终端的用户名和密码都是`root`，MaixCam2进入shell终端的用户名是`root`，密码是`sipeed`。
 
 ## Linux 常用命令参考
 

From 9fda9317042afacbdc7ff474d0f0ade25cac283f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: liangziyue <chengjuliang66@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 2026 19:02:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] docs: sync linux_basic content between Chinese and
 English versions

 Add missing sections to English documentation to match the Chinese
 version, including: Linux system family overview, running shell commands
 on MaixCAM, common Linux command reference, and more.
---
 docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md | 602 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 602 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md b/docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md
index 4d4aa78d..8172c148 100644
--- a/docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md
+++ b/docs/doc/en/basic/linux_basic.md
@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ Specific reasons can be researched individually. Here are a few examples in simp
 * With a large community of Linux-based developers, required functionalities and drivers can be easily found without the need to implement them from scratch.
 * Linux offers a rich set of accompanying software tools for convenient development and debugging. Some Linux common tools not mentioned in this tutorial can theoretically be used as well.
 
+## The Linux System Family
+
+Linux is an open-source operating system kernel that provides the basic content of an operating system. Using it on its own cannot be used out-of-the-box by ordinary users like Windows, so the open-source community has developed many versions (distributions) based on the Linux kernel. For example, `Ubuntu` is probably the distribution with the largest user base, with many users, abundant resources, and is recommended for beginners. There are also many others such as `Arch` and `CentOS`. They are all based on the Linux kernel, so they are commonly referred to as Linux in daily use.
+The differences among these many systems lie in the user interface, user interaction experience, drivers, pre-installed software, software managers (package managers), and so on. Beginners can start with `Ubuntu` and then explore other systems.
+
+For MaixCAM, it is theoretically possible to install systems such as `Ubuntu`. However, since MaixCAM has only 256MB of memory, which is quite limited, and Ubuntu comes with many bloated software packages that are not needed in actual deployment, MaixCAM uses a system built with the `Linux` kernel + the `buildroot` file system. The source code is open-sourced at [github.com/sipeed/LicheeRV-Nano-Build](https://github.com/sipeed/LicheeRV-Nano-Build). Those who are interested can search for related terms to learn more.
+
 ## File System
 
 What is a file system?
@@ -60,3 +67,598 @@ etc         lost+found  proc        sys
 
 For more command learning, please search for `Linux command line usage tutorials` on your own. This is just to introduce beginners to basic concepts so that when developers mention them, they can understand what they mean.
 
+## Run shell commands on MaixCAM
+
+For `MaixCAM`, there are several ways to interact with the system `shell`:
+* Connect to `MaixCAM` from the computer terminal via `ssh root@192.168.0.123`, the default password is `root`.
+* Connect through the `Terminal` feature of `MaixVision` (MaixVision version >= 1.2.0).
+* Execute commands via a Python script. The simplest way is to use the `os.system()` function, for example:
+```python
+import os
+os.system("echo hello")
+```
+`Python` also has other modules for executing shell commands, such as the `subprocess` module:
+```python
+import subprocess
+
+# command to execute
+command = ["echo", "Hello, World!"]
+
+# execute the command with Popen
+process = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+# get the output and errors
+stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
+
+# print the output
+print("stdout:", stdout.decode())
+print("stderr:", stderr.decode())
+```
+
+> Note: For MaixCam, the username and password to enter the shell terminal are both `root`; for MaixCam2, the username is `root` and the password is `sipeed`.
+
+## Common Linux Command Reference
+
+This section lists some common Linux command operations for quick reference.
+
+Note that the following is a community-contributed document and is for reference only, and not all commands are applicable to the MaixCAM system.
+
+### File and Directory Operations
+
+- **ls**: List directory contents.
+  ```bash
+  ls -l  # Long listing
+  ls -a  # Show hidden files
+  ```
+
+- **cd**: Change the current directory.
+  ```bash
+  cd /home/user  # Enter the /home/user directory
+  cd ..  # Go back to the parent directory
+  cd ~  # Go back to the user's home directory
+  ```
+
+- **pwd**: Print the current working directory.
+  ```bash
+  pwd
+  ```
+
+- **mkdir**: Create a new directory.
+  ```bash
+  mkdir new_directory
+  mkdir -p parent_directory/child_directory  # Create directories recursively
+  ```
+
+- **rmdir**: Remove an empty directory.
+  ```bash
+  rmdir empty_directory
+  ```
+
+- **rm**: Remove files or directories.
+  ```bash
+  rm file.txt  # Remove a file
+  rm -r directory  # Recursively remove a directory and its contents
+  ```
+
+- **cp**: Copy files or directories.
+  ```bash
+  cp source_file destination_file  # Copy a file
+  cp -r source_directory destination_directory  # Recursively copy a directory
+  ```
+
+- **mv**: Move or rename files or directories.
+  ```bash
+  mv old_name new_name  # Rename a file or directory
+  mv file.txt /new_directory/  # Move a file to a new directory
+  ```
+
+- **touch**: Create an empty file or update the file's timestamp.
+  ```bash
+  touch new_file.txt
+  ```
+
+- **cat**: Concatenate files and print to standard output.
+  ```bash
+  cat file.txt  # Display the file contents
+  ```
+
+- **more**: Display file contents page by page.
+  ```bash
+  more file.txt
+  ```
+
+- **less**: Similar to more, but more powerful.
+  ```bash
+  less file.txt
+  ```
+
+- **head**: Display the first few lines of a file.
+  ```bash
+  head -n 10 file.txt  # Display the first 10 lines of the file
+  ```
+
+- **tail**: Display the last few lines of a file.
+  ```bash
+  tail -n 10 file.txt  # Display the last 10 lines of the file
+  ```
+
+### File Permission Management
+
+- **chmod**: Change the permissions of a file or directory.
+  ```bash
+  chmod 755 file.txt  # Set file permissions to rwxr-xr-x
+  chmod u+x file.txt  # Add execute permission for the file owner
+  ```
+
+- **chown**: Change the owner of a file or directory.
+  ```bash
+  chown user:group file.txt  # Change the file's owner and group
+  ```
+
+- **chgrp**: Change the group of a file or directory.
+  ```bash
+  chgrp group file.txt  # Change the file's group
+  ```
+
+### System Management
+
+- **ps**: Show the status of current processes.
+  ```bash
+  ps -ef  # Show all processes
+  ```
+
+- **top**: Display resource usage of processes in real time.
+  ```bash
+  top
+  ```
+  ```bash
+  htop
+  ```
+
+- **kill**: Terminate a process.
+  ```bash
+  kill -2 PID  # Send a Ctrl+C signal to the process
+  kill -9 PID  # Force kill the process
+  ```
+
+- **df**: Display disk space usage of file systems.
+  ```bash
+  df -h  # Display in human-readable format
+  ```
+
+- **du**: Display disk usage of a directory or file.
+  ```bash
+  du -sh directory  # Show the total size of a directory
+  ```
+
+- **free**: Display the system's memory usage.
+  ```bash
+  free -h  # Display in human-readable format
+  ```
+
+- **ifconfig**: Display or configure network interfaces.
+  ```bash
+  ifconfig  # Display network interface information
+  ```
+
+- **ping**: Test network connectivity.
+  ```bash
+  ping www.example.com  # Test connectivity to www.example.com
+  ```
+
+- **netstat**: Display network connections, routing tables, interface stats, etc.
+  ```bash
+  netstat -an  # Display all network connections
+  ```
+
+- **shutdown**: Shut down or reboot the system.
+  ```bash
+  shutdown         # Shut down immediately
+  shutdown -h now  # Shut down immediately
+  shutdown -r now  # Reboot immediately
+  ```
+
+- **reboot**: Reboot the system.
+  ```bash
+  reboot
+  ```
+
+### Package Management
+
+- **apt-get** (for Debian-based systems, such as Ubuntu)
+  ```bash
+  sudo apt-get update  # Update the package list
+  sudo apt-get upgrade  # Upgrade all installed packages
+  sudo apt-get install package_name  # Install a package
+  sudo apt-get remove package_name  # Remove a package
+  sudo apt-get autoremove  # Remove packages no longer needed
+  ```
+
+- **yum** (for Red Hat-based systems, such as CentOS)
+  ```bash
+  sudo yum update  # Update all packages
+  sudo yum install package_name  # Install a package
+  sudo yum remove package_name  # Remove a package
+  sudo yum clean all  # Clean the cache
+  ```
+
+### User and Group Management
+
+- **useradd**: Add a new user.
+  ```bash
+  sudo useradd -m new_user  # Create a new user and create a home directory
+  sudo passwd new_user  # Set the password for the new user
+  ```
+
+- **usermod**: Modify user information.
+  ```bash
+  sudo usermod -aG group_name user_name  # Add the user to a group
+  ```
+
+- **userdel**: Delete a user.
+  ```bash
+  sudo userdel -r user_name  # Delete the user and its home directory
+  ```
+
+- **groupadd**: Add a new group.
+  ```bash
+  sudo groupadd new_group
+  ```
+
+- **groupdel**: Delete a group.
+  ```bash
+  sudo groupdel group_name
+  ```
+
+### Shell Scripts
+
+Shell scripts are an important tool for Linux system administration and task automation. Here is a simple shell script example:
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Print the current date and time
+echo "Current date and time: $(date)"
+
+# Create a directory
+mkdir -p /tmp/my_directory
+
+# Enter the directory
+cd /tmp/my_directory
+
+# Create a file
+touch my_file.txt
+
+# Write content to the file
+echo "Hello, World!" > my_file.txt
+
+# Display the file contents
+cat my_file.txt
+```
+
+Save the above content as `script.sh`, then execute it with the following commands:
+
+```bash
+chmod +x script.sh  # Grant execute permission
+./script.sh  # Execute the script
+```
+
+### Linux Network Configuration
+
+#### Configure a static IP address
+
+Edit the network configuration file (for example, on CentOS):
+
+```bash
+sudo vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
+```
+
+Add or modify the following content:
+
+```bash
+BOOTPROTO=static
+ONBOOT=yes
+IPADDR=192.168.1.100
+NETMASK=255.255.255.0
+GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
+DNS1=8.8.8.8
+DNS2=8.8.4.4
+```
+
+Restart the network service:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl restart network
+
+```
+
+#### Configure DNS
+
+Edit the `/etc/resolv.conf` file:
+
+```bash
+sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf
+```
+
+Add the following content:
+
+```bash
+nameserver 8.8.8.8
+nameserver 8.8.4.4
+```
+
+#### Firewall management
+
+Use `firewalld` on CentOS:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl start firewalld  # Start the firewall
+sudo systemctl enable firewalld  # Enable the firewall on boot
+sudo firewall-cmd --list-all  # View firewall rules
+sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent  # Add a rule
+sudo firewall-cmd --reload  # Reload firewall rules
+```
+
+### Linux Log Management
+
+Linux system logs are usually stored in the `/var/log` directory. Common log files include:
+
+- **/var/log/messages**: System messages.
+- **/var/log/syslog**: System logs.
+- **/var/log/dmesg**: Kernel messages.
+- **/var/log/boot.log**: Boot logs.
+
+View log contents:
+
+```bash
+cat /var/log/messages
+```
+
+Use `grep` to search for specific content:
+
+```bash
+grep "error" /var/log/messages
+```
+
+### Linux Performance Monitoring
+
+#### top
+
+Display resource usage of processes in real time.
+
+```bash
+top
+```
+Or
+```bash
+htop
+```
+
+#### vmstat
+
+Report virtual memory, processes, I/O, and other information.
+
+```bash
+vmstat 1  # Update once per second
+```
+
+#### iostat
+
+Monitor system input/output devices.
+
+```bash
+iostat 1  # Update once per second
+```
+
+#### mpstat
+
+Monitor CPU statistics.
+
+```bash
+mpstat -P ALL 1  # Monitor all CPUs, update once per second
+```
+
+#### netstat
+
+Monitor network connections and traffic.
+
+```bash
+netstat -an
+```
+
+### Linux Security
+
+#### SELinux
+
+SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) is a mandatory access control system that provides finer-grained security control.
+
+View SELinux status:
+
+```bash
+sestatus
+```
+
+#### AppArmor
+
+AppArmor is another Linux security module that provides path-based access control.
+
+#### Permission Management
+
+Set file and directory permissions reasonably, and avoid using the root user for daily operations.
+
+#### Firewall
+
+Configure iptables or firewalld firewall rules to restrict unnecessary network access.
+
+#### Regular Updates
+
+Regularly update the system and software packages to fix security vulnerabilities.
+
+### Linux Backup and Recovery
+
+#### tar
+
+Archive and compress files.
+
+```bash
+tar -czvf archive_name.tar.gz /path/to/directory
+```
+
+#### rsync
+
+Synchronize files and directories.
+
+```bash
+rsync -avz /source/directory user@remote_host:/destination/directory
+```
+
+#### dump
+
+Back up a file system.
+
+```bash
+dump -0 /path/to/directory
+```
+
+#### restore
+
+Restore a file system.
+
+```bash
+restore -rf /dev/fd0
+```
+
+### Linux Troubleshooting
+
+#### Check disk space
+
+```bash
+df -h
+```
+
+#### Check disk health
+
+Use `smartctl` to check the disk's SMART status.
+
+```bash
+smartctl -a /dev/sda
+```
+
+#### Check log files
+
+View the log files in the `/var/log` directory to find error information.
+
+#### Network diagnostics
+
+Use tools such as `ping`, `traceroute` to diagnose network problems.
+
+```bash
+ping www.example.com
+traceroute www.example.com
+```
+
+#### System monitoring
+
+Use tools such as `top`, `vmstat` to monitor system performance.
+
+### Linux Programming and Development
+
+#### gcc/g++
+
+Compile C/C++ programs.
+
+```bash
+gcc -o program program.c
+g++ -o program program.cpp
+```
+
+#### make
+
+Automate compilation and linking.
+
+```bash
+make -f Makefile
+```
+
+#### gdb
+
+Debug C/C++ programs.
+
+```bash
+gdb program
+```
+
+#### vim/emacs
+
+Powerful text editors.
+
+#### git
+
+Version control.
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git
+git add .
+git commit -m "message"
+git push origin master
+```
+
+#### Python
+
+Python programming.
+
+```bash
+python3 script.py
+```
+
+#### Perl
+
+Perl programming.
+
+```bash
+perl script.pl
+```
+
+### Linux Container Technology
+
+#### Docker
+
+Docker is an open-source containerization platform that allows developers to package an application and its dependencies into a portable container, then publish it to any popular Linux machine, and can also implement virtualization.
+
+Pull and run a Docker image:
+
+```bash
+docker pull ubuntu
+docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
+```
+
+Manage Docker containers:
+
+```bash
+docker ps  # List running containers
+docker stop container_id  # Stop a container
+docker rm container_id  # Remove a container
+```
+
+#### Kubernetes
+
+Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration system used to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
+
+```bash
+kubectl run my-pod --image=ubuntu --command -- /bin/bash
+```
+
+### Linux Virtualization Technology
+
+#### KVM
+
+KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a virtualization technology based on the Linux kernel.
+
+#### Xen
+
+Xen is an open-source virtualization platform that supports multiple operating systems.
+
+#### VirtualBox
+
+VirtualBox is an open-source virtualization software that can run on multiple operating systems.
+