From 56a665f7210cc15921945cb1b5949e886d162b21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Trivikram Kamat <16024985+trivikr@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 22:10:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] perf(node-http-handler): cache 100-continue agents at
 module level

---
 .../src/node-http-handler.ts                  | 33 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/node-http-handler/src/node-http-handler.ts b/packages/node-http-handler/src/node-http-handler.ts
index 1e0082a725b..4e3dede1177 100644
--- a/packages/node-http-handler/src/node-http-handler.ts
+++ b/packages/node-http-handler/src/node-http-handler.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@ export const DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 0;
 let hAgent: { new (...args: any): hAgentType } | undefined = undefined;
 let hRequest: typeof hRequestType | undefined = undefined;
 
+/**
+ * Cached agents for 100-continue requests, shared across all NodeHttpHandler instances.
+ * Reusing a single agent per protocol avoids GC pressure from creating a new Agent
+ * on every 100-continue request (e.g., S3 PutObject workloads).
+ */
+let continueHttpAgent: hAgentType | undefined = undefined;
+let continueHttpsAgent: hsAgent | undefined = undefined;
+
 /**
  * @public
  * A request handler that uses the Node.js http and https modules.
@@ -182,12 +190,25 @@ or increase socketAcquisitionWarningTimeout=(millis) in the NodeHttpHandler conf
         // Because awaiting 100-continue desynchronizes the request and request body transmission,
         // such requests must be offloaded to a separate Agent instance.
         // Additional logic will exist on the client using this handler to determine whether to add the header at all.
-        agent = new (isSSL ? hsAgent : hAgent!)({
-          keepAlive: false,
-          // This is an explicit value matching the default (Infinity).
-          // This should allow the connection to close cleanly after making the single request.
-          maxSockets: Infinity,
-        });
+        // A single cached agent per protocol is reused to avoid GC pressure from creating
+        // a new Agent on every 100-continue request (e.g., S3 PutObject workloads).
+        if (isSSL) {
+          if (!continueHttpsAgent) {
+            continueHttpsAgent = new hsAgent({
+              keepAlive: false,
+              maxSockets: Infinity,
+            });
+          }
+          agent = continueHttpsAgent;
+        } else {
+          if (!continueHttpAgent) {
+            continueHttpAgent = new hAgent!({
+              keepAlive: false,
+              maxSockets: Infinity,
+            });
+          }
+          agent = continueHttpAgent;
+        }
       }
 
       // If the request is taking a long time, check socket usage and potentially warn.

From 714d232d87d5680edd4788b75d364a49544e2299 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Trivikram Kamat <16024985+trivikr@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 22:11:26 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] chore: yarn changeset

---
 .changeset/gentle-brooms-compete.md | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/gentle-brooms-compete.md

diff --git a/.changeset/gentle-brooms-compete.md b/.changeset/gentle-brooms-compete.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..877bbf2997a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/gentle-brooms-compete.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@smithy/node-http-handler": patch
+---
+
+Cache 100-continue agents at module level