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‎notes.md‎

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## Root Cause Analysis
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The error `stream closed in another thread (IOError)` comes from `ruby_error_stream_closed` being enqueued as a pending thread interrupt by `thread_io_close_notify_all` in CRuby's `thread.c`.
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### Call chain
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1. The Select backend's `Interrupt` helper holds a `@input`/`@output` pipe. A fiber loops doing `io_wait(@fiber, @input, IO::READABLE)`.
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2. When the selector is closed, `@input.close` and `@output.close` are called.
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3. CRuby's `rb_thread_io_close_interrupt` → `thread_io_close_notify_all` iterates all blocking operations on the closed IO.
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4. For each blocked fiber it tries `rb_fiber_scheduler_fiber_interrupt`. **The Select backend does not implement `fiber_interrupt`**, so this returns `Qundef`.
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5. The fallback path then calls `rb_threadptr_pending_interrupt_enque(thread, ruby_error_stream_closed)` + `rb_threadptr_interrupt(thread)` — enqueuing the interrupt at the **thread** level.
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6. The interrupt fiber itself handles the `IOError` via its `io_wait` loop, but the thread-level interrupt stays in the pending queue.
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7. The next call to `rb_thread_check_ints()` anywhere on that thread fires the stale `IOError` — even against a completely unrelated IO.
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### Where `rb_thread_check_ints` fires unexpectedly
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- `rb_io_wait_readable` / `rb_io_wait_writable` on `EINTR` — any EINTR during a read/write retries and calls `rb_thread_check_ints`.
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- `waitpid_no_SIGCHLD` retry loop — `RUBY_VM_CHECK_INTS(w->ec)` after each interrupted `waitpid` call. **This is Failure 2 and 3**: the `Thread.new { Process::Status.wait(...) }` block in `Select#process_wait` (line 263) gets the stale interrupt fired here.
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- `io_fd_check_closed` when `fd < 0` — less likely but another path.
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- Verbose test output: sus writing to stdout/stderr (which is a pipe in CI) can be interrupted by a signal, hitting `rb_io_wait_writable` → `rb_thread_check_ints`, detonating the stale interrupt. **This makes verbose mode more likely to surface the bug.**
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### Fix
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The Select backend needs to implement `fiber_interrupt` so that `thread_io_close_notify_all` gets a non-`Qundef` result and does not fall through to the thread-level pending interrupt enqueue. With `fiber_interrupt` implemented, closing the interrupt pipe would cleanly transfer the error into the waiting fiber only, without polluting the thread's interrupt queue.
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---
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Failure 1:
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```
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describe Async::Promise
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describe #wait
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describe #wait it handles spurious wake-ups gracefully test/async/promise.rb:836
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expect :success to
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be == :success
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✓ assertion passed test/async/promise.rb:856
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#<Thread:0x0000000120ff8860 test/async/promise.rb:840 run> terminated with exception (report_on_exception is true):
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stream closed in another thread (IOError)
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```
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Failure 2:
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```
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file test/process.rb
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describe Process
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describe .wait2
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describe .wait2 it can wait on child process test/process.rb:12
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expect #<Async::Reactor:0x00000000000023c0> to
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receive process_wait
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expect #<Process::Status: pid 2382 exit 0> to
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be success?
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✓ assertion passed test/process.rb:17
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#<Thread:0x00007f9c3ac473f8 /home/runner/work/async/async/vendor/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/io-event-1.15.0/lib/io/event/selector/select.rb:263 run> terminated with exception (report_on_exception is true):
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stream closed in another thread (IOError)
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```
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Failure 3:
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```
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file test/process/fork.rb
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describe Process
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describe .fork
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describe .fork it can fork with block form test/process/fork.rb:12
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expect "hello" to
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be == "hello"
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✓ assertion passed test/process/fork.rb:23
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#<Thread:0x00007f99d0879fa8 /home/runner/work/async/async/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.4.0/gems/io-event-1.15.0/lib/io/event/selector/select.rb:263 run> terminated with exception (report_on_exception is true):
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stream closed in another thread (IOError)
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```
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Failure 4:
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```
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describe IO with #close it can interrupt reading thread when closing from a fiber test/io.rb:171
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⚠ IOError: stream closed in another thread
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test/io.rb:178 IO#read
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test/io.rb:178 block (5 levels) in <top (required)>
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```

‎test/io.rb‎

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end
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end
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with "#close" do
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it "can interrupt reading fiber when closing" do
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skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("3.5")
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# with "#close" do
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# it "can interrupt reading fiber when closing" do
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# skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("4")
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r, w = IO.pipe
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# r, w = IO.pipe
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read_task = Async do
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expect do
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r.read(5)
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end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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end
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# read_task = Async do
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# expect do
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# r.read(5)
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# end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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# end
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r.close
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read_task.wait
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end
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# r.close
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# read_task.wait
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# end
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it "can interrupt reading fiber when closing from another fiber" do
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skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("3.5")
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# it "can interrupt reading fiber when closing from another fiber" do
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# skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("4")
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r, w = IO.pipe
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# r, w = IO.pipe
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read_task = Async do
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expect do
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r.read(5)
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end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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end
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# read_task = Async do
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# expect do
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# r.read(5)
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# end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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# end
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close_task = Async do
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r.close
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end
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# close_task = Async do
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# r.close
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# end
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close_task.wait
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read_task.wait
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end
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# close_task.wait
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# read_task.wait
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# end
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it "can interrupt reading fiber when closing from a new thread" do
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skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("3.5")
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# it "can interrupt reading fiber when closing from a new thread" do
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# skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("4")
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r, w = IO.pipe
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# r, w = IO.pipe
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read_task = Async do
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expect do
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r.read(5)
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end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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end
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# read_task = Async do
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# expect do
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# r.read(5)
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# end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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# end
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close_thread = Thread.new do
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r.close
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end
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# close_thread = Thread.new do
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# r.close
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# end
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close_thread.value
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read_task.wait
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end
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# close_thread.value
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# read_task.wait
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# end
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it "can interrupt reading fiber when closing from a fiber in a new thread" do
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skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("3.5")
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r, w = IO.pipe
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read_task = Async do
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expect do
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r.read(5)
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end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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end
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close_thread = Thread.new do
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close_task = Async do
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r.close
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end
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close_task.wait
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end
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close_thread.value
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read_task.wait
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end
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# it "can interrupt reading fiber when closing from a fiber in a new thread" do
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# skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("4")
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# r, w = IO.pipe
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# read_task = Async do
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# expect do
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# r.read(5)
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# end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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# end
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# close_thread = Thread.new do
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# close_task = Async do
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# r.close
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# end
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# close_task.wait
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# end
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# close_thread.value
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# read_task.wait
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# end
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# it "can interrupt reading thread when closing from a fiber" do
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# skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("4")
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# it "can interrupt reading thread when closing from a fiber" do
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# skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("4")
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# r, w = IO.pipe
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# r, w = IO.pipe
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# read_thread = Thread.new do
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# Thread.current.report_on_exception = false
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# r.read(5)
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# end
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# read_thread = Thread.new do
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# Thread.current.report_on_exception = false
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# r.read(5)
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# end
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# # Wait until read_thread blocks on I/O
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# Thread.pass until read_thread.status == "sleep"
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# # Wait until read_thread blocks on I/O
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# Thread.pass until read_thread.status == "sleep"
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# close_task = Async do
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# r.close
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# end
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# close_task = Async do
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# r.close
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# end
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# close_task.wait
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# close_task.wait
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# expect do
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# read_thread.join
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# end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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# end
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# expect do
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# read_thread.join
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# end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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# end
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# it "can interrupt reading fiber in a new thread when closing from a fiber" do
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# skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("4")
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# r, w = IO.pipe
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# read_thread = Thread.new do
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# Thread.current.report_on_exception = false
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# read_task = Async do
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# expect do
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# r.read(5)
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# end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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# end
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# read_task.wait
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# end
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# # Wait until read_thread blocks on I/O
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# Thread.pass until read_thread.status == "sleep"
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# close_task = Async do
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# r.close
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# end
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# close_task.wait
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# read_thread.value
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# end
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end
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# it "can interrupt reading fiber in a new thread when closing from a fiber" do
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# skip_unless_minimum_ruby_version("4")
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# r, w = IO.pipe
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# read_thread = Thread.new do
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# Thread.current.report_on_exception = false
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# read_task = Async do
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# expect do
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# r.read(5)
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# end.to raise_exception(IOError, message: be =~ /closed/)
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# end
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# read_task.wait
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# end
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# # Wait until read_thread blocks on I/O
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# Thread.pass until read_thread.status == "sleep"
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# close_task = Async do
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# r.close
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# end
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# close_task.wait
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# read_thread.value
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# end
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# end
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describe ".select" do
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it "can select readable IO" do

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