diff --git a/packages/typegpu/tests/tgsl/referenceConsumption.test.ts b/packages/typegpu/tests/tgsl/referenceConsumption.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..673961e0a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/typegpu/tests/tgsl/referenceConsumption.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+import { describe, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { it } from 'typegpu-testing-utility';
+import tgpu, { d } from '../../src/index.js';
+
+describe('reference consumption', () => {
+  const Boid = d.struct({ pos: d.vec3f, vel: d.vec3f });
+  const layout = tgpu.bindGroupLayout({
+    boids: { storage: d.arrayOf(Boid, 10), access: 'mutable' },
+  });
+
+  describe('successful single consumption', () => {
+    it('allows assigning a local variable reference to a storage buffer element', () => {
+      const main = () => {
+        'use gpu';
+        const boid = Boid({ pos: d.vec3f(1, 2, 3), vel: d.vec3f(4, 5, 6) });
+        layout.$.boids[0] = boid;
+      };
+
+      expect(tgpu.resolve([main])).toMatchInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it('allows assigning a reference read from one slot to another', () => {
+      const layout = tgpu.bindGroupLayout({
+        src: { storage: d.arrayOf(d.vec3f, 10) },
+        dst: { storage: d.arrayOf(d.vec3f, 10), access: 'mutable' },
+      });
+
+      const main = () => {
+        'use gpu';
+        const pos = layout.$.src[0]!;
+        layout.$.dst[0] = pos;
+      };
+
+      expect(tgpu.resolve([main])).toMatchInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('mutation after consumption', () => {
+    it('fails when mutating a consumed reference (assignment)', () => {
+      const main = () => {
+        'use gpu';
+        const boid = Boid({ pos: d.vec3f(1, 2, 3), vel: d.vec3f(4, 5, 6) });
+        layout.$.boids[0] = boid;
+        boid.pos = d.vec3f(7, 8, 9);
+      };
+
+      expect(() => tgpu.resolve([main])).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it('fails when mutating a consumed reference (simple modification)', () => {
+      const main = () => {
+        'use gpu';
+        const boid = Boid({ pos: d.vec3f(1, 2, 3), vel: d.vec3f(4, 5, 6) });
+        layout.$.boids[0] = boid;
+        boid.pos.x += 7;
+      };
+
+      expect(() => tgpu.resolve([main])).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('double consumption', () => {
+    it('fails when assigning the same reference twice', () => {
+      const main = () => {
+        'use gpu';
+        const boid = Boid({ pos: d.vec3f(1, 2, 3), vel: d.vec3f(4, 5, 6) });
+        layout.$.boids[0] = boid;
+        layout.$.boids[1] = boid;
+      };
+
+      expect(() => tgpu.resolve([main])).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it('fails when returning a consumed reference', () => {
+      const main = () => {
+        'use gpu';
+        const boid = Boid({ pos: d.vec3f(1, 2, 3), vel: d.vec3f(4, 5, 6) });
+        layout.$.boids[0] = boid;
+        return boid;
+      };
+
+      expect(() => tgpu.resolve([main])).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('consumption in loops', () => {
+    const layout = tgpu.bindGroupLayout({
+      positions: { storage: d.arrayOf(d.vec3f, 10), access: 'mutable' },
+    });
+
+    it('fails when consuming a reference inside a for loop', () => {
+      const main = () => {
+        'use gpu';
+        const pos = d.vec3f(1, 2, 3);
+        for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+          layout.$.positions[i] = pos;
+        }
+      };
+
+      expect(() => tgpu.resolve([main])).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it('fails when consuming a reference inside a while loop', () => {
+      const main = () => {
+        'use gpu';
+        const pos = d.vec3f(1, 2, 3);
+        let i = 0;
+        while (i < 10) {
+          layout.$.positions[i] = pos;
+          i += 1;
+        }
+      };
+
+      expect(() => tgpu.resolve([main])).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('consumption in branches', () => {
+    it('fails when mutating a reference consumed in an if branch', () => {
+      const testFn = tgpu.fn([d.bool])((cond) => {
+        const boid = Boid({ pos: d.vec3f(1, 2, 3), vel: d.vec3f(4, 5, 6) });
+        if (cond) {
+          layout.$.boids[0] = boid;
+        }
+        boid.pos = d.vec3f(7, 8, 9);
+      });
+
+      expect(() => tgpu.resolve([testFn])).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it('allows mutating a reference consumed in a pruned if branch', () => {
+      const testFn = tgpu.fn([d.bool])((cond) => {
+        const boid = Boid({ pos: d.vec3f(1, 2, 3), vel: d.vec3f(4, 5, 6) });
+        if (false) {
+          layout.$.boids[0] = boid;
+        }
+        boid.pos = d.vec3f(7, 8, 9);
+      });
+
+      expect(tgpu.resolve([testFn])).toMatchInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+
+    it('allows consumption and mutation in disjoint branches', () => {
+      const testFn = tgpu.fn([d.bool])((cond) => {
+        const boid = Boid({ pos: d.vec3f(1, 2, 3), vel: d.vec3f(4, 5, 6) });
+        if (cond) {
+          layout.$.boids[0] = boid;
+        } else {
+          boid.pos = d.vec3f(7, 8, 9);
+        }
+      });
+
+      expect(tgpu.resolve([testFn])).toMatchInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('non-mutating use after consumption', () => {
+    it('allows passing a consumed reference as a by-value function argument', () => {
+      const readPosition = (boid: d.Infer<typeof Boid>) => {
+        'use gpu';
+        return boid.pos;
+      };
+
+      const main = () => {
+        'use gpu';
+        const boid = Boid({ pos: d.vec3f(1, 2, 3), vel: d.vec3f(4, 5, 6) });
+        layout.$.boids[0] = boid;
+        const pos = readPosition(boid);
+      };
+
+      expect(tgpu.resolve([main])).toMatchInlineSnapshot();
+    });
+  });
+});