cherry-pick(4.3-stable): prevent useAnimatedKeyboard "Can't change insets on a cancelled animation" crash (#9670) (#9868)

## Summary

Cherry-picking for Reanimated 4.3.2 release
- #9670

4.3 still has the pre-Kotlin `KeyboardAnimationCallback.java`, so this
is a Java port of the same fix.

Author: MatiPl01

packages/react-native-reanimated/android/src/main/java/com/swmansion/reanimated/keyboard/KeyboardAnimationCallback.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ public class KeyboardAnimationCallback extends WindowInsetsAnimationCompat.Callb
   private final NotifyAboutKeyboardChangeFunction mNotifyAboutKeyboardChange;
   private static final int CONTENT_TYPE_MASK = WindowInsetsCompat.Type.ime();
   private final boolean mIsNavigationBarTranslucent;
+  private boolean mPendingStartDispatch = false;
 
   public KeyboardAnimationCallback(
       Keyboard keyboard,
@@ -30,7 +31,9 @@ public WindowInsetsAnimationCompat.BoundsCompat onStart(
       return bounds;
     }
     mKeyboard.onAnimationStart();
-    mNotifyAboutKeyboardChange.call();
+    // Dispatching synchronously here can cancel the still-pending insets
+    // animation, so the dispatch is deferred to onProgress or onEnd.
+    mPendingStartDispatch = true;
     return super.onStart(animation, bounds);
   }
 
@@ -47,6 +50,7 @@ public WindowInsetsCompat onProgress(
       }
     }
     if (isAnyKeyboardAnimationRunning) {
+      mPendingStartDispatch = false;
       mKeyboard.updateHeight(insets, mIsNavigationBarTranslucent);
       mNotifyAboutKeyboardChange.call();
     }
@@ -56,6 +60,10 @@ public WindowInsetsCompat onProgress(
   @Override
   public void onEnd(@NonNull WindowInsetsAnimationCompat animation) {
     if (isKeyboardAnimation(animation)) {
+      if (mPendingStartDispatch) {
+        mNotifyAboutKeyboardChange.call();
+      }
+      mPendingStartDispatch = false;
       mKeyboard.onAnimationEnd();
       mNotifyAboutKeyboardChange.call();
     }