tree-sitter: add 0.26.4:0.26.9 and clean up the dependencies and install logic

[mcmehrtens]

• Added tree-sitter versions @0.26.4:0.26.9
• Adds the -D_BSD_SOURCE flag via compiler wrappers instead of clobbering the CFLAGS environment variable (which had defaults set by tree-sitter's Makefile)
• Added minimum Rust versions for building with +cli. Versions were pulled from Cargo.toml.
• Dropped the build() override
  • As far as I can tell, this override was doing a debug build and the results were never used. cargo install compiled the source again with the release profile.
  • Now, just the cargo install remains
• Added the --locked flag for +cli builds so that we always build the dependencies in Cargo.lock (reproducibility!)
• Added the supplier field

Confirmed versions @0.26.3+cli:0.26.9+cli compiled successfully (and that tree-sitter --version runs and returns the correct version)

Maintainers: @albestro