diff --git a/src/analysis_and_optimization/Mir_utils.ml b/src/analysis_and_optimization/Mir_utils.ml
index c1b0c36873..b83cec086b 100644
--- a/src/analysis_and_optimization/Mir_utils.ml
+++ b/src/analysis_and_optimization/Mir_utils.ml
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ let fold_stmts ~take_expr ~take_stmt ~(init : 'c) (stmts : Stmt.Located.t List.t
 
 let rec num_expr_value (v : Expr.Typed.t) : (float * string) option =
   match v with
+  (* internal type promotions should be ignored *)
+  | {pattern= Fixed.Pattern.Promotion (e, _, _); _} -> num_expr_value e
   | {pattern= Fixed.Pattern.Lit (Real, str); _}
    |{pattern= Fixed.Pattern.Lit (Int, str); _} ->
       Some (float_of_string str, str)
diff --git a/src/analysis_and_optimization/Monotone_framework.ml b/src/analysis_and_optimization/Monotone_framework.ml
index 0d6c93e595..f0e03238ed 100644
--- a/src/analysis_and_optimization/Monotone_framework.ml
+++ b/src/analysis_and_optimization/Monotone_framework.ml
@@ -326,7 +326,9 @@ let constant_propagation_transfer ?(preserve_stability = false)
                We could do the same for matrix and array expressions if we wanted. *)
             | Assignment ((s, t, []), e) -> (
               match Partial_evaluator.try_eval_expr (subst_expr m e) with
-              | {pattern= Lit (_, _); _} as e'
+              | { pattern=
+                    Promotion ({pattern= Lit (_, _); _}, _, _) | Lit (_, _)
+                ; _ } as e'
                 when not (preserve_stability && UnsizedType.is_autodiffable t)
                 ->
                   Map.set m ~key:s ~data:e'
diff --git a/src/analysis_and_optimization/Partial_evaluator.ml b/src/analysis_and_optimization/Partial_evaluator.ml
index 6ec4ad19e6..7633b968cf 100644
--- a/src/analysis_and_optimization/Partial_evaluator.ml
+++ b/src/analysis_and_optimization/Partial_evaluator.ml
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ let rec eval_expr ?(preserve_stability = false) (e : Expr.Typed.t) =
     pattern=
       ( match e.pattern with
       | Var _ | Lit (_, _) -> e.pattern
-      | Promotion (expr, ut, ad) -> Promotion (eval_expr expr, ut, ad)
+      | Promotion (expr, ut, ad) ->
+          Promotion (eval_expr ~preserve_stability expr, ut, ad)
       | FunApp (kind, l) -> (
           let l = List.map ~f:(eval_expr ~preserve_stability) l in
           match kind with
diff --git a/src/frontend/Debug_data_generation.ml b/src/frontend/Debug_data_generation.ml
index ded4fae456..e64c9e3282 100644
--- a/src/frontend/Debug_data_generation.ml
+++ b/src/frontend/Debug_data_generation.ml
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ let unwrap_num_exn m e =
   let m = Map.Poly.map m ~f:Ast_to_Mir.trans_expr in
   let e = Analysis_and_optimization.Mir_utils.subst_expr m e in
   let e = Analysis_and_optimization.Partial_evaluator.eval_expr e in
+  let rec strip_promotions (e : Middle.Expr.Typed.t) =
+    match e.pattern with Promotion (e, _, _) -> strip_promotions e | _ -> e
+  in
+  let e = strip_promotions e in
   match e.pattern with
   | Lit (_, s) -> Float.of_string s
   | _ ->
diff --git a/src/frontend/Promotion.ml b/src/frontend/Promotion.ml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f427ce3a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/Promotion.ml
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+open Core_kernel
+open Core_kernel.Poly
+module UnsizedType = Middle.UnsizedType
+
+(** Type to represent promotions in the typechecker.
+  This can be used to return information about how to promote
+  expressions for use in [Ast.Promotion] *)
+type t =
+  | NoPromotion
+  | IntToReal
+  | ToVar (* used in arrays, not functions *)
+  | ToComplexVar (* used in arrays, not functions *)
+  | IntToComplex
+  | RealToComplex
+
+let promote_inner (exp : Ast.typed_expression) prom =
+  let emeta = exp.emeta in
+  match prom with
+  | ToVar ->
+      Ast.
+        { expr= Ast.Promotion (exp, UReal, AutoDiffable)
+        ; emeta=
+            { emeta with
+              type_= UnsizedType.promote_array emeta.type_ UReal
+            ; ad_level= AutoDiffable } }
+  | ToComplexVar ->
+      Ast.
+        { expr= Ast.Promotion (exp, UComplex, AutoDiffable)
+        ; emeta=
+            { emeta with
+              type_= UnsizedType.promote_array emeta.type_ UComplex
+            ; ad_level= AutoDiffable } }
+  | IntToReal when UnsizedType.is_int_type emeta.type_ ->
+      Ast.
+        { expr= Ast.Promotion (exp, UReal, emeta.ad_level)
+        ; emeta= {emeta with type_= UnsizedType.promote_array emeta.type_ UReal}
+        }
+  | (IntToComplex | RealToComplex)
+    when not (UnsizedType.is_complex_type emeta.type_) ->
+      (* these two promotions are separated for cost, but are actually the same promotion *)
+      { expr= Promotion (exp, UComplex, emeta.ad_level)
+      ; emeta= {emeta with type_= UnsizedType.promote_array emeta.type_ UComplex}
+      }
+  | _ -> exp
+
+let rec promote (exp : Ast.typed_expression) prom =
+  (* promote arrays and rowvector literals at the lowest level to avoid unnecessary copies *)
+  let open Ast in
+  match exp.expr with
+  | ArrayExpr es ->
+      let pes = List.map ~f:(fun e -> promote e prom) es in
+      let fst = List.hd_exn pes in
+      let type_, ad_level = (fst.emeta.type_, fst.emeta.ad_level) in
+      { expr= ArrayExpr pes
+      ; emeta=
+          { exp.emeta with
+            type_= UnsizedType.promote_array exp.emeta.type_ type_
+          ; ad_level } }
+  | RowVectorExpr (_ :: _ as es) ->
+      let pes = List.map ~f:(fun e -> promote e prom) es in
+      let fst = List.hd_exn pes in
+      let ad_level = fst.emeta.ad_level in
+      {expr= RowVectorExpr pes; emeta= {exp.emeta with ad_level}}
+  | _ -> promote_inner exp prom
+
+let promote_list es promotions = List.map2_exn es promotions ~f:promote
+
+(** Get the promotion needed to make the second type into the first.
+  Types NEED to have previously been checked to be promotable
+*)
+let rec get_type_promotion_exn (ad, ty) (ad2, ty2) =
+  match (ty, ty2) with
+  | UnsizedType.(UReal, (UReal | UInt) | UVector, UVector | UMatrix, UMatrix)
+    when ad <> ad2 ->
+      ToVar
+  | UComplex, (UReal | UInt | UComplex) when ad <> ad2 -> ToComplexVar
+  | UReal, UInt -> IntToReal
+  | UComplex, UInt -> IntToComplex
+  | UComplex, UReal -> RealToComplex
+  | UArray nt1, UArray nt2 -> get_type_promotion_exn (ad, nt1) (ad2, nt2)
+  | t1, t2 when t1 = t2 -> NoPromotion
+  | _, _ ->
+      Common.FatalError.fatal_error_msg
+        [%message
+          "Tried to get promotion of mismatched types!"
+            (ty : UnsizedType.t)
+            (ty2 : UnsizedType.t)]
+
+(** Calculate the "cost"/number of promotions performed.
+    Used to disambiguate function signatures
+*)
+let promotion_cost p =
+  match p with
+  | NoPromotion | ToVar | ToComplexVar -> 0
+  | RealToComplex | IntToReal -> 1
+  | IntToComplex -> 2
diff --git a/src/frontend/SignatureMismatch.ml b/src/frontend/SignatureMismatch.ml
index 5dff83c061..4fc86b2a79 100644
--- a/src/frontend/SignatureMismatch.ml
+++ b/src/frontend/SignatureMismatch.ml
@@ -79,12 +79,6 @@ type signature_error =
   (UnsizedType.returntype * (UnsizedType.autodifftype * UnsizedType.t) list)
   * function_mismatch
 
-type promotions =
-  | None
-  | IntToRealPromotion
-  | IntToComplexPromotion
-  | RealToComplexPromotion
-
 type ('unique, 'error) generic_match_result =
   | UniqueMatch of 'unique
   | AmbiguousMatch of
@@ -95,7 +89,7 @@ type ('unique, 'error) generic_match_result =
 type match_result =
   ( UnsizedType.returntype
     * (bool Middle.Fun_kind.suffix -> Ast.fun_kind)
-    * promotions list
+    * Promotion.t list
   , signature_error list * bool )
   generic_match_result
 
@@ -133,10 +127,10 @@ let rec compare_errors e1 e2 =
 let rec check_same_type depth t1 t2 =
   let wrap_func = Result.map_error ~f:(fun e -> TypeMismatch (t1, t2, Some e)) in
   match (t1, t2) with
-  | t1, t2 when t1 = t2 -> Ok None
-  | UnsizedType.(UReal, UInt) when depth < 1 -> Ok IntToRealPromotion
-  | UnsizedType.(UComplex, UInt) when depth < 1 -> Ok IntToComplexPromotion
-  | UnsizedType.(UComplex, UReal) when depth < 1 -> Ok RealToComplexPromotion
+  | t1, t2 when t1 = t2 -> Ok Promotion.NoPromotion
+  | UnsizedType.(UReal, UInt) when depth < 1 -> Ok IntToReal
+  | UnsizedType.(UComplex, UInt) when depth < 1 -> Ok IntToComplex
+  | UnsizedType.(UComplex, UReal) when depth < 1 -> Ok RealToComplex
   (* Arrays: Try to recursively promote, but make sure the error is for these types,
      not the recursive call *)
   | UArray nt1, UArray nt2 ->
@@ -153,12 +147,12 @@ let rec check_same_type depth t1 t2 =
       Error (ReturnTypeMismatch (rt1, rt2)) |> wrap_func
   | UFun (l1, _, _, _), UFun (l2, _, _, _) -> (
     match check_compatible_arguments (depth + 1) l2 l1 with
-    | Ok _ -> Ok None
+    | Ok _ -> Ok NoPromotion
     | Error e -> Error (InputMismatch e) |> wrap_func )
   | t1, t2 -> Error (TypeMismatch (t1, t2, None))
 
 and check_compatible_arguments depth typs args2 :
-    (promotions list, function_mismatch) result =
+    (Promotion.t list, function_mismatch) result =
   match List.zip typs args2 with
   | List.Or_unequal_lengths.Unequal_lengths ->
       Error (ArgNumMismatch (List.length typs, List.length args2))
@@ -173,6 +167,7 @@ and check_compatible_arguments depth typs args2 :
               else Error (ArgError (i + 1, DataOnlyError)) )
       |> Result.all
 
+let check_of_same_type_mod_conv = check_same_type 0
 let check_compatible_arguments_mod_conv = check_compatible_arguments 0
 let max_n_errors = 5
 
@@ -184,30 +179,9 @@ let extract_function_types f =
       Some (return, args, (fun x -> UserDefined x), mem)
   | _ -> None
 
-let promote es promotions =
-  List.map2_exn es promotions ~f:(fun (exp : Ast.typed_expression) prom ->
-      let open UnsizedType in
-      let emeta = exp.emeta in
-      match prom with
-      | IntToRealPromotion when is_int_type emeta.type_ ->
-          Ast.
-            { expr= Ast.Promotion (exp, UReal, emeta.ad_level)
-            ; emeta= {emeta with type_= promote_array emeta.type_ UReal} }
-      | (IntToComplexPromotion | RealToComplexPromotion)
-        when not (is_complex_type emeta.type_) ->
-          { expr= Promotion (exp, UComplex, emeta.ad_level)
-          ; emeta= {emeta with type_= promote_array emeta.type_ UComplex} }
-      | _ -> exp )
-
-let promotion_cost p =
-  match p with
-  | None -> 0
-  | RealToComplexPromotion | IntToRealPromotion -> 1
-  | IntToComplexPromotion -> 2
-
 let unique_minimum_promotion promotion_options =
   let size (_, p) =
-    List.fold ~init:0 ~f:(fun acc p -> acc + promotion_cost p) p in
+    List.fold ~init:0 ~f:(fun acc p -> acc + Promotion.promotion_cost p) p in
   let sizes = List.map ~f:size promotion_options in
   let min_promotion = List.min_elt ~compare:Int.compare sizes in
   let sizes_and_promotons = List.zip_exn sizes promotion_options in
diff --git a/src/frontend/SignatureMismatch.mli b/src/frontend/SignatureMismatch.mli
index 94507e0ee3..fbcbe4eb42 100644
--- a/src/frontend/SignatureMismatch.mli
+++ b/src/frontend/SignatureMismatch.mli
@@ -19,13 +19,6 @@ type signature_error =
   (UnsizedType.returntype * (UnsizedType.autodifftype * UnsizedType.t) list)
   * function_mismatch
 
-(** Indicate a promotion by the resulting type *)
-type promotions = private
-  | None
-  | IntToRealPromotion
-  | IntToComplexPromotion
-  | RealToComplexPromotion
-
 type ('unique, 'error) generic_match_result =
   | UniqueMatch of 'unique
   | AmbiguousMatch of
@@ -37,23 +30,20 @@ type ('unique, 'error) generic_match_result =
 type match_result =
   ( UnsizedType.returntype
     * (bool Middle.Fun_kind.suffix -> Ast.fun_kind)
-    * promotions list
+    * Promotion.t list
   , signature_error list * bool )
   generic_match_result
 
+val check_of_same_type_mod_conv :
+  UnsizedType.t -> UnsizedType.t -> (Promotion.t, type_mismatch) result
+
 val check_compatible_arguments_mod_conv :
      (UnsizedType.autodifftype * UnsizedType.t) list
   -> (UnsizedType.autodifftype * UnsizedType.t) list
-  -> (promotions list, function_mismatch) result
-
-val promote :
-  Ast.typed_expression list -> promotions list -> Ast.typed_expression list
-(** Given a list of expressions (arguments) and a list of [promotions],
-  return a list of expressions which include the
-  [Promotion] expression as appropiate *)
+  -> (Promotion.t list, function_mismatch) result
 
 val unique_minimum_promotion :
-  ('a * promotions list) list -> ('a * promotions list, 'a list option) result
+  ('a * Promotion.t list) list -> ('a * Promotion.t list, 'a list option) result
 
 val matching_function :
      Environment.t
@@ -71,7 +61,7 @@ val check_variadic_args :
   -> (UnsizedType.autodifftype * UnsizedType.t) list
   -> UnsizedType.t
   -> (UnsizedType.autodifftype * UnsizedType.t) list
-  -> ( UnsizedType.t * promotions list
+  -> ( UnsizedType.t * Promotion.t list
      , (UnsizedType.autodifftype * UnsizedType.t) list * function_mismatch )
      result
 (** Check variadic function arguments.
diff --git a/src/frontend/Typechecker.ml b/src/frontend/Typechecker.ml
index 4324179e53..51754f48d1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/Typechecker.ml
+++ b/src/frontend/Typechecker.ml
@@ -257,44 +257,52 @@ let check_variable cf loc tenv id =
   mk_typed_expression ~expr:(Variable id) ~ad_level ~type_ ~loc
 
 let get_consistent_types ad_level type_ es =
+  let ad =
+    UnsizedType.lub_ad_type
+      (ad_level :: List.map ~f:(fun e -> e.emeta.ad_level) es) in
   let f state e =
     match state with
     | Error e -> Error e
-    | Ok (ad, ty) -> (
-        let ad =
-          if UnsizedType.autodifftype_can_convert e.emeta.ad_level ad then
-            e.emeta.ad_level
-          else ad in
-        match UnsizedType.common_type (ty, e.emeta.type_) with
-        | Some ty -> Ok (ad, ty)
-        | None -> Error (ty, e.emeta) ) in
-  List.fold ~init:(Ok (ad_level, type_)) ~f es
+    | Ok ty -> (
+      match UnsizedType.common_type (ty, e.emeta.type_) with
+      | Some ty -> Ok ty
+      | None -> Error (ty, e.emeta) ) in
+  List.fold ~init:(Ok type_) ~f es
+  |> Result.map ~f:(fun ty ->
+         let promotions =
+           List.map (get_arg_types es)
+             ~f:(Promotion.get_type_promotion_exn (ad, ty)) in
+         (ad, ty, promotions) )
 
 let check_array_expr loc es =
   match es with
   | [] -> Semantic_error.empty_array loc |> error
-  | {emeta= {ad_level; type_; _}; _} :: elements -> (
-    match get_consistent_types ad_level type_ elements with
+  | {emeta= {ad_level; type_; _}; _} :: _ -> (
+    match get_consistent_types ad_level type_ es with
     | Error (ty, meta) ->
         Semantic_error.mismatched_array_types meta.loc ty meta.type_ |> error
-    | Ok (ad_level, type_) ->
+    | Ok (ad_level, type_, promotions) ->
         let type_ = UnsizedType.UArray type_ in
-        mk_typed_expression ~expr:(ArrayExpr es) ~ad_level ~type_ ~loc )
+        mk_typed_expression
+          ~expr:(ArrayExpr (Promotion.promote_list es promotions))
+          ~ad_level ~type_ ~loc )
 
 let check_rowvector loc es =
   match es with
-  | {emeta= {ad_level; type_= UnsizedType.URowVector; _}; _} :: elements -> (
-    match get_consistent_types ad_level URowVector elements with
-    | Ok (ad_level, _) ->
-        mk_typed_expression ~expr:(RowVectorExpr es) ~ad_level ~type_:UMatrix
-          ~loc
+  | {emeta= {ad_level; type_= UnsizedType.URowVector; _}; _} :: _ -> (
+    match get_consistent_types ad_level URowVector es with
+    | Ok (ad_level, _, promotions) ->
+        mk_typed_expression
+          ~expr:(RowVectorExpr (Promotion.promote_list es promotions))
+          ~ad_level ~type_:UMatrix ~loc
     | Error (_, meta) ->
         Semantic_error.invalid_matrix_types meta.loc meta.type_ |> error )
   | _ -> (
     match get_consistent_types DataOnly UReal es with
-    | Ok (ad_level, _) ->
-        mk_typed_expression ~expr:(RowVectorExpr es) ~ad_level ~type_:URowVector
-          ~loc
+    | Ok (ad_level, _, promotions) ->
+        mk_typed_expression
+          ~expr:(RowVectorExpr (Promotion.promote_list es promotions))
+          ~ad_level ~type_:URowVector ~loc
     | Error (_, meta) ->
         Semantic_error.invalid_row_vector_types meta.loc meta.type_ |> error )
 
@@ -450,7 +458,7 @@ let check_normal_fn ~is_cond_dist loc tenv id es =
             (mk_fun_app ~is_cond_dist
                ( fnk (Fun_kind.suffix_from_name id.name)
                , id
-               , SignatureMismatch.promote es promotions ) )
+               , Promotion.promote_list es promotions ) )
           ~ad_level:(expr_ad_lub es) ~type_:ut ~loc
     | AmbiguousMatch sigs ->
         Semantic_error.ambiguous_function_promotion loc id.name
@@ -552,7 +560,7 @@ and check_reduce_sum ~is_cond_dist loc cf tenv id tes =
         mk_typed_expression
           ~expr:
             (mk_fun_app ~is_cond_dist
-               (StanLib FnPlain, id, SignatureMismatch.promote tes promotions) )
+               (StanLib FnPlain, id, Promotion.promote_list tes promotions) )
           ~ad_level:(expr_ad_lub tes) ~type_:UnsizedType.UReal ~loc
     | AmbiguousMatch ps ->
         Semantic_error.ambiguous_function_promotion loc fname.name None ps
@@ -599,7 +607,7 @@ and check_variadic_ode ~is_cond_dist loc cf tenv id tes =
         mk_typed_expression
           ~expr:
             (mk_fun_app ~is_cond_dist
-               (StanLib FnPlain, id, SignatureMismatch.promote tes promotions) )
+               (StanLib FnPlain, id, Promotion.promote_list tes promotions) )
           ~ad_level:(expr_ad_lub tes)
           ~type_:Stan_math_signatures.variadic_ode_return_type ~loc
     | AmbiguousMatch ps ->
@@ -645,7 +653,7 @@ and check_variadic_dae ~is_cond_dist loc cf tenv id tes =
         mk_typed_expression
           ~expr:
             (mk_fun_app ~is_cond_dist
-               (StanLib FnPlain, id, SignatureMismatch.promote tes promotions) )
+               (StanLib FnPlain, id, Promotion.promote_list tes promotions) )
           ~ad_level:(expr_ad_lub tes)
           ~type_:Stan_math_signatures.variadic_dae_return_type ~loc
     | AmbiguousMatch ps ->
@@ -852,7 +860,7 @@ let check_nrfn loc tenv id es =
             (NRFunApp
                ( fnk (Fun_kind.suffix_from_name id.name)
                , id
-               , SignatureMismatch.promote es promotions ) )
+               , Promotion.promote_list es promotions ) )
           ~return_type:NoReturnType ~loc
     | UniqueMatch (ReturnType _, _, _) ->
         Semantic_error.nonreturning_fn_expected_returning_found loc id.name
@@ -886,23 +894,24 @@ let verify_assignment_global loc cf block is_global id =
   if (not is_global) || block = cf.current_block then ()
   else Semantic_error.cannot_assign_to_global loc id.name |> error
 
-let verify_assignment_operator loc assop lhs rhs =
+let check_assignment_operator loc assop lhs rhs =
   let err op =
     Semantic_error.illtyped_assignment loc op lhs.lmeta.type_ rhs.emeta.type_
   in
   match assop with
-  | Assign | ArrowAssign ->
-      if
-        UnsizedType.check_of_same_type_mod_array_conv "" lhs.lmeta.type_
-          rhs.emeta.type_
-      then ()
-      else err Operator.Equals |> error
+  | Assign | ArrowAssign -> (
+    match
+      SignatureMismatch.check_of_same_type_mod_conv lhs.lmeta.type_
+        rhs.emeta.type_
+    with
+    | Ok p -> Promotion.promote rhs p
+    | Error _ -> err Operator.Equals |> error )
   | OperatorAssign op -> (
       let args = List.map ~f:arg_type [Ast.expr_of_lvalue lhs; rhs] in
       let return_type =
         Stan_math_signatures.assignmentoperator_stan_math_return_type op args
       in
-      match return_type with Some Void -> () | _ -> err op |> error )
+      match return_type with Some Void -> rhs | _ -> err op |> error )
 
 let check_lvalue cf tenv = function
   | {lval= LVariable id; lmeta= ({loc} : located_meta)} ->
@@ -969,9 +978,9 @@ let check_assignment loc cf tenv assign_lhs assign_op assign_rhs =
         |> error in
   verify_assignment_global loc cf block global assign_id ;
   verify_assignment_read_only loc readonly assign_id ;
-  verify_assignment_operator loc assign_op lhs rhs ;
+  let rhs' = check_assignment_operator loc assign_op lhs rhs in
   mk_typed_statement ~return_type:NoReturnType ~loc
-    ~stmt:(Assignment {assign_lhs= lhs; assign_op; assign_rhs= rhs})
+    ~stmt:(Assignment {assign_lhs= lhs; assign_op; assign_rhs= rhs'})
 
 (* target plus-equals / increment log-prob *)
 
@@ -1361,17 +1370,18 @@ and check_sizedtype cf tenv sizedty =
 
 and check_var_decl_initial_value loc cf tenv id init_val_opt =
   match init_val_opt with
-  | Some e ->
+  | Some e -> (
       let lhs = check_lvalue cf tenv {lval= LVariable id; lmeta= {loc}} in
       let rhs = check_expression cf tenv e in
-      if
-        UnsizedType.check_of_same_type_mod_array_conv "" lhs.lmeta.type_
+      match
+        SignatureMismatch.check_of_same_type_mod_conv lhs.lmeta.type_
           rhs.emeta.type_
-      then Some rhs
-      else
-        Semantic_error.illtyped_assignment loc Equals lhs.lmeta.type_
-          rhs.emeta.type_
-        |> error
+      with
+      | Ok p -> Some (Promotion.promote rhs p)
+      | Error _ ->
+          Semantic_error.illtyped_assignment loc Equals lhs.lmeta.type_
+            rhs.emeta.type_
+          |> error )
   | None -> None
 
 and check_transformation cf tenv ut trans =
diff --git a/src/middle/Expr.ml b/src/middle/Expr.ml
index b5fee8335b..cf88a80bf2 100644
--- a/src/middle/Expr.ml
+++ b/src/middle/Expr.ml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ module Fixed = struct
       | EAnd (l, r) -> Fmt.pf ppf "%a && %a" pp_e l pp_e r
       | EOr (l, r) -> Fmt.pf ppf "%a || %a" pp_e l pp_e r
       | Promotion (from, ut, _) ->
-          Fmt.pf ppf "%a -> %a" pp_e from UnsizedType.pp ut
+          Fmt.pf ppf "promote(@[%a,@ %a@])" pp_e from UnsizedType.pp ut
 
     include Foldable.Make (struct
       type nonrec 'a t = 'a t
diff --git a/src/middle/UnsizedType.ml b/src/middle/UnsizedType.ml
index 97bcda968b..eb6048e6f9 100644
--- a/src/middle/UnsizedType.ml
+++ b/src/middle/UnsizedType.ml
@@ -102,12 +102,6 @@ let check_of_same_type_mod_conv name t1 t2 =
         | Unequal_lengths -> false )
     | _ -> t1 = t2
 
-let rec check_of_same_type_mod_array_conv name t1 t2 =
-  match (t1, t2) with
-  | UArray t1elt, UArray t2elt ->
-      check_of_same_type_mod_array_conv name t1elt t2elt
-  | _ -> check_of_same_type_mod_conv name t1 t2
-
 let check_compatible_arguments_mod_conv name args1 args2 =
   match
     List.for_all2
@@ -148,11 +142,14 @@ let is_dataonlytype possibly_adtype : bool =
 
 let is_scalar_type = function UReal | UInt -> true | _ -> false
 
-let rec promote_array ut scalar =
-  match (ut, scalar) with
-  | (UInt | UReal), (UReal | UComplex) -> scalar
-  | UArray ut2, _ -> UArray (promote_array ut2 scalar)
-  | _, _ -> ut
+let promote_array ut scalar =
+  let scalar = fst (unwind_array_type scalar) in
+  let rec loop ut =
+    match (ut, scalar) with
+    | (UInt | UReal), (UReal | UComplex) -> scalar
+    | UArray ut2, _ -> UArray (loop ut2)
+    | _, _ -> ut in
+  loop ut
 
 let rec is_int_type ut =
   match ut with UInt -> true | UArray ut -> is_int_type ut | _ -> false
diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Expression_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Expression_gen.ml
index b8c88d677a..998b64aaae 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Expression_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Expression_gen.ml
@@ -457,8 +457,7 @@ and pp_user_defined_fun ppf (f, suffix, es) =
 and pp_compiler_internal_fn ad ut f ppf es =
   let pp_array_literal ut ppf es =
     pf ppf "std::vector<%a>{@,%a}" pp_unsizedtype_local (ad, ut)
-      (list ~sep:comma (pp_promoted ad ut))
-      es in
+      (list ~sep:comma pp_expr) es in
   match f with
   | Internal_fun.FnMakeArray ->
       let ut =
@@ -516,20 +515,6 @@ and pp_compiler_internal_fn ad ut f ppf es =
       gen_fun_app FnPlain ppf (Internal_fun.to_string f) es Common.Helpers.AoS
         (Some UnsizedType.Void)
 
-and pp_promoted ad ut ppf e =
-  match e with
-  | Expr.{Fixed.meta= {Typed.Meta.type_; adlevel; _}; _}
-    when type_ = ut && adlevel = ad ->
-      pp_expr ppf e
-  | {pattern= FunApp (CompilerInternal Internal_fun.FnMakeArray, es); _} ->
-      pp_compiler_internal_fn ad ut Internal_fun.FnMakeArray ppf es
-  | _ -> (
-    match ut with
-    | UnsizedType.UComplex -> pf ppf "@[<hov>%a@]" pp_expr e
-    | _ ->
-        pf ppf "stan::math::promote_scalar<%s>(@[<hov>%a@])"
-          (local_scalar ut ad) pp_expr e )
-
 and pp_indexed ppf (vident, indices, pretty) =
   pf ppf "@[<hov 2>stan::model::rvalue(@,%s,@ %S,@ %a)@]" vident pretty
     pp_indexes indices
@@ -561,11 +546,13 @@ and pp_expr ppf Expr.Fixed.{pattern; meta} =
   | Lit (Str, s) -> pf ppf "\"%s\"" (Cpp_str.escaped s)
   | Lit (Imaginary, s) -> pf ppf "stan::math::to_complex(0, %s)" s
   | Lit ((Real | Int), s) -> pf ppf "%s" s
+  | Promotion (expr, UReal, _) when is_scalar expr -> pp_expr ppf expr
+  | Promotion (expr, UComplex, DataOnly) when is_scalar expr ->
+      (* this is in principle a little better than promote_scalar since it is constexpr *)
+      pf ppf "stan::math::to_complex(%a, 0)" pp_expr expr
   | Promotion (expr, ut, ad) ->
-      if is_scalar expr && ut = UReal then pp_expr ppf expr
-      else
-        pf ppf "stan::math::promote_scalar<%a>(%a)" pp_unsizedtype_local
-          (ad, ut) pp_expr expr
+      pf ppf "stan::math::promote_scalar<%a>(%a)" pp_unsizedtype_local (ad, ut)
+        pp_expr expr
   | FunApp
       ( StanLib (op, _, _)
       , [ { meta= {type_= URowVector; _}
diff --git a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
index d9cad227bc..3ec85032a0 100644
--- a/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
+++ b/src/stan_math_backend/Statement_gen.ml
@@ -306,6 +306,9 @@ let pp_bool_expr ppf expr =
 
 let rec pp_statement (ppf : Format.formatter) Stmt.Fixed.{pattern; meta} =
   (* ({stmt; smeta} : (mtype_loc_ad, 'a) stmt_with) = *)
+  let remove_promotions (e : 'a Expr.Fixed.t) =
+    (* assignment handles one level of promotion internally, don't do it twice *)
+    match e.pattern with Promotion (e, _, _) -> e | _ -> e in
   let pp_stmt_list = list ~sep:cut pp_statement in
   ( match pattern with
   | Block _ | SList _ | Decl _ | Skip | Break | Continue -> ()
@@ -318,8 +321,10 @@ let rec pp_statement (ppf : Format.formatter) Stmt.Fixed.{pattern; meta} =
       pf ppf "@[<hov 4>%s = %a;@]" vident pp_expr rhs
   | Assignment
       ((vident, _, []), ({meta= Expr.Typed.Meta.{type_= UInt; _}; _} as rhs))
+   |Assignment
+      ((vident, _, []), ({meta= Expr.Typed.Meta.{type_= UComplex; _}; _} as rhs))
    |Assignment ((vident, _, []), ({meta= {type_= UReal; _}; _} as rhs)) ->
-      pf ppf "@[<hov 4>%s = %a;@]" vident pp_expr rhs
+      pf ppf "@[<hov 4>%s = %a;@]" vident pp_expr (remove_promotions rhs)
   | Assignment ((assignee, UInt, idcs), rhs)
    |Assignment ((assignee, UReal, idcs), rhs)
     when List.for_all ~f:is_single_index idcs ->
@@ -342,7 +347,7 @@ let rec pp_statement (ppf : Format.formatter) Stmt.Fixed.{pattern; meta} =
             { e with
               Expr.Fixed.pattern= FunApp (CompilerInternal FnDeepCopy, [e]) }
         | _ -> recurse e in
-      let rhs = maybe_deep_copy rhs in
+      let rhs = maybe_deep_copy (remove_promotions rhs) in
       pf ppf "@[<hov 2>stan::model::assign(@,%s,@ %a,@ %S%s%a@]);" assignee
         pp_expr rhs
         (str "assigning variable %s" assignee)
diff --git a/test/integration/cli-args/warn-pedantic/stanc.expected b/test/integration/cli-args/warn-pedantic/stanc.expected
index 34dcb8f9b4..aa6e57c3b2 100644
--- a/test/integration/cli-args/warn-pedantic/stanc.expected
+++ b/test/integration/cli-args/warn-pedantic/stanc.expected
@@ -431,9 +431,6 @@ Warning in 'param-depend-control.stan', line 13, column 2: A control flow
 Warning in 'param-depend-control.stan', line 8, column 2: A control flow
     statement depends on parameter(s): a.
   $ ../../../../../install/default/bin/stanc --warn-pedantic  unbounded-sigma.stan
-Warning in 'unbounded-sigma.stan', line 15, column 11: A normal distribution
-    is given value -1 as a scale parameter (argument 2), but a scale
-    parameter is not strictly positive.
 Warning in 'unbounded-sigma.stan', line 12, column 17: A normal distribution
     is given parameter sigma_c as a scale parameter (argument 2), but sigma_c
     was not constrained to be strictly positive.
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
index fa9a36366a..81940be9fd 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/cpp.expected
@@ -1602,8 +1602,7 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       
       
       current_statement__ = 346;
-      stan::model::assign(d_complex, context__.vals_c("d_complex")[(1 - 1)],
-        "assigning variable d_complex");
+      d_complex = context__.vals_c("d_complex")[(1 - 1)];
       current_statement__ = 347;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","d_complex_array",
           "double",
@@ -1709,40 +1708,32 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 359;
       td_complex = 1.1;
       current_statement__ = 360;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, d_complex,
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = d_complex;
       current_statement__ = 361;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex,
-        stan::model::rvalue(d_complex_array, "d_complex_array",
-          stan::model::index_uni(1)), "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = stan::model::rvalue(d_complex_array, "d_complex_array",
+                     stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 362;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, stan::math::to_complex(),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = stan::math::to_complex();
       current_statement__ = 363;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1);
       current_statement__ = 364;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.2),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.2);
       current_statement__ = 365;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1, 2);
       current_statement__ = 366;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2);
       current_statement__ = 367;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.2),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.2);
       current_statement__ = 368;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2.2),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2.2);
       current_statement__ = 369;
       stan::model::assign(td_complex_array, d_complex_array,
         "assigning variable td_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 370;
       stan::model::assign(td_complex_array,
-        std::vector<std::complex<double>>{td_complex, 1,
-        stan::math::to_complex(2, 3)}, "assigning variable td_complex_array");
+        std::vector<std::complex<double>>{td_complex,
+        stan::math::to_complex(1, 0), stan::math::to_complex(2, 3)},
+        "assigning variable td_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 371;
       stan::model::assign(td_complex_array, stan::math::to_complex(5.1, 6),
         "assigning variable td_complex_array", stan::model::index_uni(1));
@@ -1752,7 +1743,8 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 373;
       stan::model::assign(td_complex_array_2d,
         std::vector<std::vector<std::complex<double>>>{
-        std::vector<std::complex<double>>{1, td_complex, 3},
+        std::vector<std::complex<double>>{stan::math::to_complex(1, 0),
+        td_complex, stan::math::to_complex(3, 0)},
         std::vector<std::complex<double>>{stan::math::to_complex(),
         stan::math::to_complex(1.1), stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.1)}},
         "assigning variable td_complex_array_2d");
@@ -1770,7 +1762,7 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 377;
       stan::model::assign(td_complex_array_2d,
         std::vector<std::complex<double>>{td_complex,
-        stan::math::to_complex(1, 2), 2.4},
+        stan::math::to_complex(1, 2), stan::math::to_complex(2.4, 0)},
         "assigning variable td_complex_array_2d", stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 382;
       for (int td_j = 1; td_j <= 2; ++td_j) {
@@ -1796,11 +1788,9 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
             {
               std::complex<double> td_k;
               current_statement__ = 384;
-              stan::model::assign(td_k, td_j[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                "assigning variable td_k");
+              td_k = td_j[(sym1__ - 1)];
               current_statement__ = 385;
-              stan::model::assign(td_complex, td_k,
-                "assigning variable td_complex");
+              td_complex = td_k;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -1828,17 +1818,13 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
                  "td_complex_array_2d",
                  stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(1)));
       current_statement__ = 392;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, foo(pstream__),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = foo(pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 393;
       td_r = foo1(td_complex, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 394;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex, foo2(td_r, pstream__),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = foo2(td_r, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 395;
-      stan::model::assign(td_complex,
-        foo3(stan::model::deep_copy(td_complex), pstream__),
-        "assigning variable td_complex");
+      td_complex = foo3(td_complex, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 396;
       stan::model::assign(td_complex_array, foo4(pstream__),
         "assigning variable td_complex_array");
@@ -1936,40 +1922,29 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 14;
       tp_complex = 1.1;
       current_statement__ = 15;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, d_complex,
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = d_complex;
       current_statement__ = 16;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex,
-        stan::model::rvalue(d_complex_array, "d_complex_array",
-          stan::model::index_uni(1)), "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::model::rvalue(d_complex_array, "d_complex_array",
+                     stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 17;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, p_complex,
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = p_complex;
       current_statement__ = 18;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex,
-        stan::model::rvalue(p_complex_array, "p_complex_array",
-          stan::model::index_uni(1)), "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::model::rvalue(p_complex_array, "p_complex_array",
+                     stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 19;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex();
       current_statement__ = 20;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1);
       current_statement__ = 21;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.2);
       current_statement__ = 22;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1, 2);
       current_statement__ = 23;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2);
       current_statement__ = 24;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.2);
       current_statement__ = 25;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2.2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2.2);
       current_statement__ = 26;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array, d_complex_array,
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
@@ -1978,8 +1953,11 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 28;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array,
-        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{tp_complex, 1,
-        stan::math::to_complex(2, 3)}, "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
+        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{tp_complex,
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(1),
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    2, 3))},
+        "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 29;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array, stan::math::to_complex(5.1, 6),
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array", stan::model::index_uni(1));
@@ -1992,9 +1970,17 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 32;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array_2d,
         std::vector<std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>>{
-        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{1, tp_complex, 3},
-        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{stan::math::to_complex(),
-        stan::math::to_complex(1.1), stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.1)}},
+        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(1),
+        tp_complex,
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(3)},
+        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    )),
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    1.1)),
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    1, 2.1))}},
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array_2d");
       current_statement__ = 33;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array_2d, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2),
@@ -2010,7 +1996,9 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 36;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array_2d,
         std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{tp_complex,
-        stan::math::to_complex(1, 2), 2.4},
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    1, 2)),
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(2.4)},
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array_2d", stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 41;
       for (int tp_j = 1; tp_j <= 2; ++tp_j) {
@@ -2036,11 +2024,9 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
             {
               std::complex<local_scalar_t__> tp_k;
               current_statement__ = 43;
-              stan::model::assign(tp_k, tp_j[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                "assigning variable tp_k");
+              tp_k = tp_j[(sym1__ - 1)];
               current_statement__ = 44;
-              stan::model::assign(tp_complex, tp_k,
-                "assigning variable tp_complex");
+              tp_complex = tp_k;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -2068,17 +2054,13 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
                  "tp_complex_array_2d",
                  stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(1)));
       current_statement__ = 51;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, foo(pstream__),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = foo(pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 52;
       tp_r = foo1(tp_complex, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 53;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, foo2(tp_r, pstream__),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = foo2(tp_r, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 54;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex,
-        foo3(stan::model::deep_copy(tp_complex), pstream__),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = foo3(tp_complex, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 55;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array, foo4(pstream__),
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
@@ -2214,40 +2196,29 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 14;
       tp_complex = 1.1;
       current_statement__ = 15;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, d_complex,
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = d_complex;
       current_statement__ = 16;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex,
-        stan::model::rvalue(d_complex_array, "d_complex_array",
-          stan::model::index_uni(1)), "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::model::rvalue(d_complex_array, "d_complex_array",
+                     stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 17;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, p_complex,
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = p_complex;
       current_statement__ = 18;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex,
-        stan::model::rvalue(p_complex_array, "p_complex_array",
-          stan::model::index_uni(1)), "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::model::rvalue(p_complex_array, "p_complex_array",
+                     stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 19;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex();
       current_statement__ = 20;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1);
       current_statement__ = 21;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.2);
       current_statement__ = 22;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1, 2);
       current_statement__ = 23;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2);
       current_statement__ = 24;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.2);
       current_statement__ = 25;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2.2),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2.2);
       current_statement__ = 26;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array, d_complex_array,
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
@@ -2256,8 +2227,11 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 28;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array,
-        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{tp_complex, 1,
-        stan::math::to_complex(2, 3)}, "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
+        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{tp_complex,
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(1),
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    2, 3))},
+        "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 29;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array, stan::math::to_complex(5.1, 6),
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array", stan::model::index_uni(1));
@@ -2270,9 +2244,17 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 32;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array_2d,
         std::vector<std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>>{
-        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{1, tp_complex, 3},
-        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{stan::math::to_complex(),
-        stan::math::to_complex(1.1), stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.1)}},
+        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(1),
+        tp_complex,
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(3)},
+        std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    )),
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    1.1)),
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    1, 2.1))}},
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array_2d");
       current_statement__ = 33;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array_2d, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2),
@@ -2288,7 +2270,9 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 36;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array_2d,
         std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>{tp_complex,
-        stan::math::to_complex(1, 2), 2.4},
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(stan::math::to_complex(
+                                                                    1, 2)),
+        stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(2.4)},
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array_2d", stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 41;
       for (int tp_j = 1; tp_j <= 2; ++tp_j) {
@@ -2314,11 +2298,9 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
             {
               std::complex<local_scalar_t__> tp_k;
               current_statement__ = 43;
-              stan::model::assign(tp_k, tp_j[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                "assigning variable tp_k");
+              tp_k = tp_j[(sym1__ - 1)];
               current_statement__ = 44;
-              stan::model::assign(tp_complex, tp_k,
-                "assigning variable tp_complex");
+              tp_complex = tp_k;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -2346,17 +2328,13 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
                  "tp_complex_array_2d",
                  stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(1)));
       current_statement__ = 51;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, foo(pstream__),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = foo(pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 52;
       tp_r = foo1(tp_complex, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 53;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex, foo2(tp_r, pstream__),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = foo2(tp_r, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 54;
-      stan::model::assign(tp_complex,
-        foo3(stan::model::deep_copy(tp_complex), pstream__),
-        "assigning variable tp_complex");
+      tp_complex = foo3(tp_complex, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 55;
       stan::model::assign(tp_complex_array, foo4(pstream__),
         "assigning variable tp_complex_array");
@@ -2426,40 +2404,29 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 73;
       gq_complex = 1.1;
       current_statement__ = 74;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, d_complex,
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = d_complex;
       current_statement__ = 75;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex,
-        stan::model::rvalue(d_complex_array, "d_complex_array",
-          stan::model::index_uni(1)), "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::model::rvalue(d_complex_array, "d_complex_array",
+                     stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 76;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, p_complex,
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = p_complex;
       current_statement__ = 77;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex,
-        stan::model::rvalue(p_complex_array, "p_complex_array",
-          stan::model::index_uni(1)), "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::model::rvalue(p_complex_array, "p_complex_array",
+                     stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 78;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex();
       current_statement__ = 79;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1);
       current_statement__ = 80;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.2),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.2);
       current_statement__ = 81;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1, 2);
       current_statement__ = 82;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2);
       current_statement__ = 83;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.2),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.2);
       current_statement__ = 84;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2.2),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(1.1, 2.2);
       current_statement__ = 85;
       stan::model::assign(gq_complex_array, d_complex_array,
         "assigning variable gq_complex_array");
@@ -2468,8 +2435,9 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
         "assigning variable gq_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 87;
       stan::model::assign(gq_complex_array,
-        std::vector<std::complex<double>>{gq_complex, 1,
-        stan::math::to_complex(2, 3)}, "assigning variable gq_complex_array");
+        std::vector<std::complex<double>>{gq_complex,
+        stan::math::to_complex(1, 0), stan::math::to_complex(2, 3)},
+        "assigning variable gq_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 88;
       stan::model::assign(gq_complex_array, stan::math::to_complex(5.1, 6),
         "assigning variable gq_complex_array", stan::model::index_uni(1));
@@ -2482,7 +2450,8 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 91;
       stan::model::assign(gq_complex_array_2d,
         std::vector<std::vector<std::complex<double>>>{
-        std::vector<std::complex<double>>{1, gq_complex, 3},
+        std::vector<std::complex<double>>{stan::math::to_complex(1, 0),
+        gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(3, 0)},
         std::vector<std::complex<double>>{stan::math::to_complex(),
         stan::math::to_complex(1.1), stan::math::to_complex(1, 2.1)}},
         "assigning variable gq_complex_array_2d");
@@ -2500,7 +2469,7 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 95;
       stan::model::assign(gq_complex_array_2d,
         std::vector<std::complex<double>>{gq_complex,
-        stan::math::to_complex(1, 2), 2.4},
+        stan::math::to_complex(1, 2), stan::math::to_complex(2.4, 0)},
         "assigning variable gq_complex_array_2d", stan::model::index_uni(1));
       current_statement__ = 100;
       for (int gq_j = 1; gq_j <= 2; ++gq_j) {
@@ -2526,11 +2495,9 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
             {
               std::complex<double> gq_k;
               current_statement__ = 102;
-              stan::model::assign(gq_k, gq_j[(sym1__ - 1)],
-                "assigning variable gq_k");
+              gq_k = gq_j[(sym1__ - 1)];
               current_statement__ = 103;
-              stan::model::assign(gq_complex, gq_k,
-                "assigning variable gq_complex");
+              gq_complex = gq_k;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -2558,17 +2525,13 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
                  "gq_complex_array_2d",
                  stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(1)));
       current_statement__ = 110;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, foo(pstream__),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = foo(pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 111;
       gq_r = foo1(gq_complex, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 112;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, foo2(gq_r, pstream__),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = foo2(gq_r, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 113;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex,
-        foo3(stan::model::deep_copy(gq_complex), pstream__),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = foo3(gq_complex, pstream__);
       current_statement__ = 114;
       stan::model::assign(gq_complex_array, foo4(pstream__),
         "assigning variable gq_complex_array");
@@ -2594,223 +2557,156 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
          std::complex<double>(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       current_statement__ = 121;
-      stan::model::assign(z, stan::math::to_complex(1, 2),
-        "assigning variable z");
+      z = stan::math::to_complex(1, 2);
       std::complex<double> y =
          std::complex<double>(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       current_statement__ = 122;
-      stan::model::assign(y, stan::math::to_complex(3, 4),
-        "assigning variable y");
+      y = stan::math::to_complex(3, 4);
       std::vector<int> i_arr =
          std::vector<int>(0, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       std::vector<int> i_arr_1 =
          std::vector<int>(1, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       current_statement__ = 125;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z + y),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z + y);
       current_statement__ = 126;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z + gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z + gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 127;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_r + z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_r + z);
       current_statement__ = 128;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z + gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z + gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 129;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i + z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i + z);
       current_statement__ = 130;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex + p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex + p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 131;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex + d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex + d_r);
       current_statement__ = 132;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex + p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex + p_r);
       current_statement__ = 133;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_r + p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_r + p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 134;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (p_complex + p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (p_complex + p_r);
       current_statement__ = 135;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex + gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex + gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 136;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i + p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i + p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 137;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z - y),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z - y);
       current_statement__ = 138;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z - gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z - gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 139;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_r - z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_r - z);
       current_statement__ = 140;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z - gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z - gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 141;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i - z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i - z);
       current_statement__ = 142;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex - p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex - p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 143;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex - d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex - d_r);
       current_statement__ = 144;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex - p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex - p_r);
       current_statement__ = 145;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_r - p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_r - p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 146;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (p_complex - p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (p_complex - p_r);
       current_statement__ = 147;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex - gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex - gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 148;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i - p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i - p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 149;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z * y),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z * y);
       current_statement__ = 150;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z * gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z * gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 151;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_r * z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_r * z);
       current_statement__ = 152;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z * gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z * gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 153;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i * z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i * z);
       current_statement__ = 154;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex * p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex * p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 155;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex * d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex * d_r);
       current_statement__ = 156;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex * p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex * p_r);
       current_statement__ = 157;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_r * p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_r * p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 158;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (p_complex * p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (p_complex * p_r);
       current_statement__ = 159;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex * gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex * gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 160;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i * p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i * p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 161;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z / y),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z / y);
       current_statement__ = 162;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z / gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z / gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 163;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_r / z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_r / z);
       current_statement__ = 164;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (z / gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (z / gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 165;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i / z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i / z);
       current_statement__ = 166;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex / p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex / p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 167;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex / d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex / d_r);
       current_statement__ = 168;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex / p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex / p_r);
       current_statement__ = 169;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_r / p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_r / p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 170;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (p_complex / p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (p_complex / p_r);
       current_statement__ = 171;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (d_complex / gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (d_complex / gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 172;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i / p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i / p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 173;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(z, y),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(z, y);
       current_statement__ = 174;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(z, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(z, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 175;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(gq_r, z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(gq_r, z);
       current_statement__ = 176;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(z, gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(z, gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 177;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(gq_i, z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(gq_i, z);
       current_statement__ = 178;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 179;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, d_r);
       current_statement__ = 180;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, p_r);
       current_statement__ = 181;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_r, p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_r, p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 182;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(p_complex, p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(p_complex, p_r);
       current_statement__ = 183;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 184;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(gq_i, p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(gq_i, p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 185;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, -z, "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = -z;
       current_statement__ = 186;
       gq_complex = -gq_r;
       current_statement__ = 187;
       gq_complex = -gq_i;
       current_statement__ = 188;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, -d_complex,
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = -d_complex;
       current_statement__ = 189;
       gq_complex = -d_r;
       current_statement__ = 190;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, -p_complex,
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = -p_complex;
       current_statement__ = 191;
       gq_complex = -p_r;
       current_statement__ = 192;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i ? z : y),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i ? z : y);
       current_statement__ = 193;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i ? p_complex : z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i ? p_complex : z);
       current_statement__ = 194;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, (gq_i ? d_complex : z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = (gq_i ? d_complex : z);
       current_statement__ = 195;
       gq_i = stan::math::logical_eq(z, z);
       current_statement__ = 196;
@@ -2858,86 +2754,59 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 217;
       gq_r = stan::math::abs(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 218;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::acos(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::acos(z);
       current_statement__ = 219;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::acos(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::acos(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 220;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::acos(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::acos(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 221;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::acosh(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::acosh(z);
       current_statement__ = 222;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::acosh(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::acosh(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 223;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::acosh(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::acosh(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 224;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::asin(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::asin(z);
       current_statement__ = 225;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::asin(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::asin(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 226;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::asin(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::asin(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 227;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::asinh(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::asinh(z);
       current_statement__ = 228;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::asinh(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::asinh(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 229;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::asinh(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::asinh(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 230;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::atan(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::atan(z);
       current_statement__ = 231;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::atan(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::atan(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 232;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::atan(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::atan(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 233;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::atanh(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::atanh(z);
       current_statement__ = 234;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::atanh(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::atanh(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 235;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::atanh(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::atanh(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 236;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::conj(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::conj(z);
       current_statement__ = 237;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::conj(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::conj(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 238;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::conj(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::conj(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 239;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::cos(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::cos(z);
       current_statement__ = 240;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::cos(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::cos(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 241;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::cos(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::cos(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 242;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::cosh(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::cosh(z);
       current_statement__ = 243;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::cosh(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::cosh(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 244;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::cosh(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::cosh(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 245;
       stan::model::assign(i_arr, stan::math::dims(z),
         "assigning variable i_arr");
@@ -2957,14 +2826,11 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       stan::model::assign(i_arr_1, stan::math::dims(d_complex_array),
         "assigning variable i_arr_1");
       current_statement__ = 251;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::exp(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::exp(z);
       current_statement__ = 252;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::exp(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::exp(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 253;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::exp(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::exp(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 254;
       gq_r = stan::math::get_imag(z);
       current_statement__ = 255;
@@ -2990,23 +2856,17 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
         stan::math::head(d_complex_array, 1),
         "assigning variable gq_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 263;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::log(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::log(z);
       current_statement__ = 264;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::log(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::log(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 265;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::log(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::log(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 266;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::log10(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::log10(z);
       current_statement__ = 267;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::log10(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::log10(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 268;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::log10(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::log10(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 269;
       gq_r = stan::math::norm(z);
       current_statement__ = 270;
@@ -3020,80 +2880,55 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 274;
       gq_i = stan::math::num_elements(d_complex_array);
       current_statement__ = 275;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::polar(gq_r, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::polar(gq_r, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 276;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::polar(gq_i, gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::polar(gq_i, gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 277;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::polar(gq_r, gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::polar(gq_r, gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 278;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::polar(gq_i, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::polar(gq_i, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 279;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::polar(p_r, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::polar(p_r, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 280;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::polar(d_r, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::polar(d_r, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 281;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::polar(p_r, d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::polar(p_r, d_r);
       current_statement__ = 282;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(z, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(z, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 283;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(z, gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(z, gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 284;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(z, z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(z, z);
       current_statement__ = 285;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(p_complex, p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(p_complex, p_r);
       current_statement__ = 286;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(p_complex, d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(p_complex, d_r);
       current_statement__ = 287;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(p_complex, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(p_complex, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 288;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(p_complex, z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(p_complex, z);
       current_statement__ = 289;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(p_complex, d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(p_complex, d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 290;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(p_complex, p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(p_complex, p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 291;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, p_r);
       current_statement__ = 292;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, d_r);
       current_statement__ = 293;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 294;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, z);
       current_statement__ = 295;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 296;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::pow(d_complex, p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::pow(d_complex, p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 297;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::proj(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::proj(z);
       current_statement__ = 298;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::proj(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::proj(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 299;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::proj(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::proj(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 300;
       stan::model::assign(gq_complex_array,
         stan::math::reverse(stan::model::deep_copy(gq_complex_array)),
@@ -3107,23 +2942,17 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
         stan::math::reverse(d_complex_array),
         "assigning variable gq_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 303;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::sin(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::sin(z);
       current_statement__ = 304;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::sin(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::sin(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 305;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::sin(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::sin(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 306;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::sinh(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::sinh(z);
       current_statement__ = 307;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::sinh(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::sinh(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 308;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::sinh(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::sinh(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 309;
       gq_i = stan::math::size(gq_complex_array);
       current_statement__ = 310;
@@ -3131,14 +2960,11 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       current_statement__ = 311;
       gq_i = stan::math::size(d_complex_array);
       current_statement__ = 312;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::sqrt(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::sqrt(z);
       current_statement__ = 313;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::sqrt(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::sqrt(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 314;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::sqrt(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::sqrt(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 315;
       stan::model::assign(gq_complex_array,
         stan::math::tail(stan::model::deep_copy(gq_complex_array), 1),
@@ -3152,76 +2978,54 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
         stan::math::tail(d_complex_array, 1),
         "assigning variable gq_complex_array");
       current_statement__ = 318;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::tan(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::tan(z);
       current_statement__ = 319;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::tan(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::tan(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 320;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::tan(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::tan(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 321;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::tanh(z),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::tanh(z);
       current_statement__ = 322;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::tanh(p_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::tanh(p_complex);
       current_statement__ = 323;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::tanh(d_complex),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::tanh(d_complex);
       current_statement__ = 324;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex();
       current_statement__ = 325;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(gq_r, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(gq_r, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 326;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(gq_i, gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(gq_i, gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 327;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(gq_r, gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(gq_r, gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 328;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(gq_i, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(gq_i, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 329;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 330;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(gq_i),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(gq_i);
       current_statement__ = 331;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(p_r, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(p_r, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 332;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(p_r, d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(p_r, d_r);
       current_statement__ = 333;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(d_r, gq_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(d_r, gq_r);
       current_statement__ = 334;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(p_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(p_r);
       current_statement__ = 335;
-      stan::model::assign(gq_complex, stan::math::to_complex(d_r),
-        "assigning variable gq_complex");
+      gq_complex = stan::math::to_complex(d_r);
       std::complex<double> zi =
          std::complex<double>(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       current_statement__ = 336;
-      stan::model::assign(zi, (1 + stan::math::to_complex(0, 3.14)),
-        "assigning variable zi");
+      zi = (1 + stan::math::to_complex(0, 3.14));
       current_statement__ = 337;
-      stan::model::assign(zi,
-        (stan::model::deep_copy(zi) * stan::math::to_complex(0, 0)),
-        "assigning variable zi");
+      zi = (zi * stan::math::to_complex(0, 0));
       std::complex<double> yi =
          std::complex<double>(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       current_statement__ = 338;
-      stan::model::assign(yi,
-        ((stan::math::to_complex(0, 1.1) + stan::math::to_complex(0.0, 2.2))
-          + stan::math::to_complex()), "assigning variable yi");
+      yi = ((stan::math::to_complex(0, 1.1) +
+              stan::math::to_complex(0.0, 2.2)) + stan::math::to_complex());
       double x = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       current_statement__ = 339;
       x = stan::math::get_real(
@@ -3269,8 +3073,7 @@ class complex_scalar_model final : public model_base_crtp<complex_scalar_model>
       out__.write(p_r);
       std::complex<local_scalar_t__> p_complex =
          std::complex<local_scalar_t__>(DUMMY_VAR__, DUMMY_VAR__);
-      stan::model::assign(p_complex, in__.read<local_scalar_t__>(),
-        "assigning variable p_complex");
+      p_complex = in__.read<local_scalar_t__>();
       out__.write(p_complex);
       std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>> p_complex_array =
          std::vector<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(2, 
@@ -5286,23 +5089,15 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
            std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(3, DUMMY_VAR__));
       current_statement__ = 3;
       stan::model::assign(w, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>{
-        std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(1.0),
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(2),
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(3)}, xx, xx},
+        std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{1.0, 2, 3}, xx, xx},
         "assigning variable w");
       std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>> td_arr33 =
          std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>(3, 
            std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(3, DUMMY_VAR__));
       current_statement__ = 4;
       stan::model::assign(td_arr33, std::vector<std::vector<double>>{
-        std::vector<double>{stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(1),
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(2),
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(3)}, std::vector<double>{
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(1), 2.,
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(3)}, std::vector<double>{1., 2.,
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(3)}},
-        "assigning variable td_arr33");
+        std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3}, std::vector<double>{1, 2., 3},
+        std::vector<double>{1., 2., 3}}, "assigning variable td_arr33");
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
     }
@@ -5360,20 +5155,12 @@ class mixed_type_arrays_model final : public model_base_crtp<mixed_type_arrays_m
         "assigning variable y");
       current_statement__ = 3;
       stan::model::assign(w, std::vector<std::vector<local_scalar_t__>>{
-        std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(1.0),
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(2),
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(3)}, xx, xx},
+        std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{1.0, 2, 3}, xx, xx},
         "assigning variable w");
       current_statement__ = 4;
       stan::model::assign(td_arr33, std::vector<std::vector<double>>{
-        std::vector<double>{stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(1),
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(2),
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(3)}, std::vector<double>{
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(1), 2.,
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(3)}, std::vector<double>{1., 2.,
-        stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(3)}},
-        "assigning variable td_arr33");
+        std::vector<double>{1, 2, 3}, std::vector<double>{1, 2., 3},
+        std::vector<double>{1., 2., 3}}, "assigning variable td_arr33");
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         for (int sym1__ = 1; sym1__ <= 3; ++sym1__) {
           for (int sym2__ = 1; sym2__ <= 3; ++sym2__) {
@@ -10676,7 +10463,7 @@ int foo_functor__::operator()(const int& n, std::ostream* pstream__)  const
       
       
       current_statement__ = 363;
-      stan::model::assign(x_mul_ind, std::vector<int>{1, 2},
+      stan::model::assign(x_mul_ind, std::vector<double>{1, 2},
         "assigning variable x_mul_ind");
       current_statement__ = 364;
       transformed_data_real = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
@@ -24307,14 +24094,11 @@ class overloading_templating_model final : public model_base_crtp<overloading_te
         current_statement__ = 10;
         lp_accum__.add(
           stan::math::normal_lpdf<propto__>(y,
-            foo(std::vector<double>{stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(
-              1), 2.3}, pstream__), 1));
+            foo(std::vector<double>{1, 2.3}, pstream__), 1));
         current_statement__ = 11;
         lp_accum__.add(
           stan::math::normal_lpdf<propto__>(std::vector<double>{5.5, 6.5},
-            foo(std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{z,
-              stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(2.3)}, pstream__),
-            1));
+            foo(std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{z, 2.3}, pstream__), 1));
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -25513,9 +25297,7 @@ ident_functor__::operator()(const std::complex<T0__>& x,
          std::complex<double>(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       current_statement__ = 2;
-      stan::model::assign(zi,
-        ident(stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<double>>(z), pstream__),
-        "assigning variable zi");
+      zi = ident(stan::math::to_complex(z, 0), pstream__);
       std::vector<int> zs =
          std::vector<int>(4, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
       current_statement__ = 3;
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
index fae4c44fbc..e34627528a 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/expressions/cpp.expected
@@ -663,19 +663,16 @@ class ternary_if_model final : public model_base_crtp<ternary_if_model> {
       std::complex<local_scalar_t__> z =
          std::complex<local_scalar_t__>(DUMMY_VAR__, DUMMY_VAR__);
       current_statement__ = 7;
-      stan::model::assign(z,
-        (1 ? stan::math::to_complex(0, 3) :
-           stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<double>>(2)),
-        "assigning variable z");
+      z = (1 ? stan::math::to_complex(0, 3) : stan::math::to_complex(2, 0));
       {
         std::complex<local_scalar_t__> z2 =
            std::complex<local_scalar_t__>(DUMMY_VAR__, DUMMY_VAR__);
         current_statement__ = 8;
         z2 = (1 ? r : 2);
         current_statement__ = 9;
-        stan::model::assign(z2,
-          (1 ? stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(0)
-             : zp), "assigning variable z2");
+        z2 = (1 ?
+                stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<local_scalar_t__>>(0)
+                : zp);
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
@@ -758,10 +755,7 @@ class ternary_if_model final : public model_base_crtp<ternary_if_model> {
            stan::math::eval(stan::math::multiply(2, a))),
         "assigning variable d");
       current_statement__ = 7;
-      stan::model::assign(z,
-        (1 ? stan::math::to_complex(0, 3) :
-           stan::math::promote_scalar<std::complex<double>>(2)),
-        "assigning variable z");
+      z = (1 ? stan::math::to_complex(0, 3) : stan::math::to_complex(2, 0));
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         out__.write(c);
         out__.write(d);
@@ -809,8 +803,7 @@ class ternary_if_model final : public model_base_crtp<ternary_if_model> {
       out__.write(r);
       std::complex<local_scalar_t__> zp =
          std::complex<local_scalar_t__>(DUMMY_VAR__, DUMMY_VAR__);
-      stan::model::assign(zp, in__.read<local_scalar_t__>(),
-        "assigning variable zp");
+      zp = in__.read<local_scalar_t__>();
       out__.write(zp);
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
       stan::lang::rethrow_located(e, locations_array__[current_statement__]);
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/mir.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/mir.expected
index 735716c9d5..05b05d80f8 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/mir.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/mir.expected
@@ -733,9 +733,15 @@
                                       (meta <opaque>))
                                      ((pattern
                                        (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                                        ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                        ((pattern
+                                          (Promotion
+                                           ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                            (meta
+                                             ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                              (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                           UReal DataOnly))
                                          (meta
-                                          ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                          ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
                                            (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                                       (meta <opaque>))
                                      ((pattern Break) (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -899,9 +905,15 @@
                               (meta <opaque>))
                              ((pattern
                                (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                                ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                ((pattern
+                                  (Promotion
+                                   ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                    (meta
+                                     ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                      (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                   UReal DataOnly))
                                  (meta
-                                  ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                  ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
                                    (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                               (meta <opaque>))
                              ((pattern Break) (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -1025,9 +1037,15 @@
                               (meta <opaque>))
                              ((pattern
                                (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                                ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                ((pattern
+                                  (Promotion
+                                   ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                    (meta
+                                     ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                      (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                   UReal DataOnly))
                                  (meta
-                                  ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                  ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
                                    (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                               (meta <opaque>))
                              ((pattern Break) (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -1414,15 +1432,30 @@
                 (FunApp (StanLib Transpose__ FnPlain AoS)
                  (((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                (meta ((type_ UVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
@@ -1903,104 +1936,254 @@
                 (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
                  (((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
                   ((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
                   ((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                (meta ((type_ UMatrix) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
@@ -2017,36 +2200,86 @@
                 (FunApp (StanLib Transpose__ FnPlain AoS)
                  (((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                (meta ((type_ UVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
@@ -2110,36 +2343,96 @@
                    (FunApp (StanLib Transpose__ FnPlain AoS)
                     (((pattern
                        (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                        (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                        (((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                       (meta
                        ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                   (meta ((type_ UVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
@@ -4544,9 +4837,14 @@
                     (meta <opaque>))
                    ((pattern
                      (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                     (meta <opaque>)))))
                 (meta <opaque>)))))
             (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -4635,9 +4933,15 @@
                         (meta <opaque>))
                        ((pattern
                          (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                          ((pattern (Var i))
+                          ((pattern
+                            (Promotion
+                             ((pattern (Var i))
+                              (meta
+                               ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                             UReal DataOnly))
                            (meta
-                            ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
+                            ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                         (meta <opaque>)))))
                     (meta <opaque>)))))
                 (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -4736,14 +5040,22 @@
       (initialize true)))
     (meta <opaque>))
    ((pattern
-     (Assignment (x_mul_ind (UArray UInt) ())
+     (Assignment (x_mul_ind (UArray UReal) ())
       ((pattern
         (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeArray)
-         (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
-           (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-          ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
-           (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
-       (meta ((type_ (UArray UInt)) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
+         (((pattern
+            (Promotion
+             ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+              (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+             UReal DataOnly))
+           (meta ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+          ((pattern
+            (Promotion
+             ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+              (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+             UReal DataOnly))
+           (meta ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+       (meta ((type_ (UArray UReal)) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
     (meta <opaque>))
    ((pattern
      (Decl (decl_adtype DataOnly) (decl_id transformed_data_real)
diff --git a/test/integration/good/code-gen/transformed_mir.expected b/test/integration/good/code-gen/transformed_mir.expected
index d3505b9f4a..5683bee7ef 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/code-gen/transformed_mir.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/code-gen/transformed_mir.expected
@@ -751,9 +751,15 @@
                                       (meta <opaque>))
                                      ((pattern
                                        (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                                        ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                        ((pattern
+                                          (Promotion
+                                           ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                            (meta
+                                             ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                              (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                           UReal DataOnly))
                                          (meta
-                                          ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                          ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
                                            (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                                       (meta <opaque>))
                                      ((pattern Break) (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -917,9 +923,15 @@
                               (meta <opaque>))
                              ((pattern
                                (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                                ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                ((pattern
+                                  (Promotion
+                                   ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                    (meta
+                                     ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                      (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                   UReal DataOnly))
                                  (meta
-                                  ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                  ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
                                    (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                               (meta <opaque>))
                              ((pattern Break) (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -1043,9 +1055,15 @@
                               (meta <opaque>))
                              ((pattern
                                (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                                ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                ((pattern
+                                  (Promotion
+                                   ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                                    (meta
+                                     ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                      (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                   UReal DataOnly))
                                  (meta
-                                  ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                  ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
                                    (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                               (meta <opaque>))
                              ((pattern Break) (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -1446,15 +1464,30 @@
                 (FunApp (StanLib Transpose__ FnPlain AoS)
                  (((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                (meta ((type_ UVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
@@ -1935,104 +1968,254 @@
                 (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
                  (((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
                   ((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
                   ((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                (meta ((type_ UMatrix) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
@@ -2049,36 +2232,86 @@
                 (FunApp (StanLib Transpose__ FnPlain AoS)
                  (((pattern
                     (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                     (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                     (((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                    (meta
                     ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                (meta ((type_ UVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
@@ -2142,36 +2375,96 @@
                    (FunApp (StanLib Transpose__ FnPlain AoS)
                     (((pattern
                        (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                        (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                        (((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 5))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 7))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 8))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 9))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                         ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         ((pattern
+                           (Promotion
+                            ((pattern (Lit Int 10))
+                             (meta
+                              ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                            UReal DataOnly))
                           (meta
-                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                           ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                       (meta
                        ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                   (meta ((type_ UVector) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
@@ -7951,9 +8244,14 @@
                     (meta <opaque>))
                    ((pattern
                      (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                      ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                      ((pattern
+                        (Promotion
+                         ((pattern (Lit Int 0))
+                          (meta
+                           ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                         UReal DataOnly))
                        (meta
-                        ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
+                        ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                     (meta <opaque>)))))
                 (meta <opaque>)))))
             (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -8042,9 +8340,15 @@
                         (meta <opaque>))
                        ((pattern
                          (Assignment (z UReal ())
-                          ((pattern (Var i))
+                          ((pattern
+                            (Promotion
+                             ((pattern (Var i))
+                              (meta
+                               ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                             UReal DataOnly))
                            (meta
-                            ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
+                            ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                         (meta <opaque>)))))
                     (meta <opaque>)))))
                 (meta <opaque>)))))
@@ -8143,14 +8447,22 @@
       (initialize true)))
     (meta <opaque>))
    ((pattern
-     (Assignment (x_mul_ind (UArray UInt) ())
+     (Assignment (x_mul_ind (UArray UReal) ())
       ((pattern
         (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeArray)
-         (((pattern (Lit Int 1))
-           (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-          ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
-           (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
-       (meta ((type_ (UArray UInt)) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
+         (((pattern
+            (Promotion
+             ((pattern (Lit Int 1))
+              (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+             UReal DataOnly))
+           (meta ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+          ((pattern
+            (Promotion
+             ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+              (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+             UReal DataOnly))
+           (meta ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+       (meta ((type_ (UArray UReal)) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
     (meta <opaque>))
    ((pattern
      (Decl (decl_adtype DataOnly) (decl_id transformed_data_real)
diff --git a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
index d32566c370..9de3abbf2c 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cpp.expected
@@ -2103,6 +2103,8 @@ simple_SIR_functor__::operator()(const T0__& t, const std::vector<T1__>& y,
 class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_model> {
 
  private:
+  double lcm_sym26__;
+  double lcm_sym25__;
   int N_t;
   std::vector<double> t;
   std::vector<double> y0;
@@ -2137,6 +2139,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     local_scalar_t__ DUMMY_VAR__(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
+      
+      
       int pos__;
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 16;
@@ -2198,7 +2202,7 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       kappa = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       
       
-      current_statement__ = 25;
+      lcm_sym26__ = 1000000;
       kappa = 1000000;
       current_statement__ = 26;
       x_r = std::vector<double>(0, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
@@ -2271,8 +2275,7 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
         std::vector<double> theta =
            std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
         stan::model::assign(lcm_sym24__, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{beta,
-          stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(1000000), gamma, xi,
-          delta}, "assigning variable lcm_sym24__");
+          1000000, gamma, xi, delta}, "assigning variable lcm_sym24__");
         stan::model::assign(lcm_sym19__,
           stan::math::integrate_ode_rk45(simple_SIR_functor__(), y0, 0, t,
             lcm_sym24__, x_r, x_i, pstream__),
@@ -2400,9 +2403,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       {
         std::vector<double> theta =
            std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-        stan::model::assign(lcm_sym9__, std::vector<double>{beta,
-          stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(1000000), gamma, xi, delta},
-          "assigning variable lcm_sym9__");
+        stan::model::assign(lcm_sym9__, std::vector<double>{beta, 1000000,
+          gamma, xi, delta}, "assigning variable lcm_sym9__");
         stan::model::assign(lcm_sym8__,
           stan::math::integrate_ode_rk45(simple_SIR_functor__(), y0, 0, t,
             lcm_sym9__, x_r, x_i, pstream__), "assigning variable lcm_sym8__");
@@ -2527,11 +2529,11 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "xi");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "delta");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym25__ = 1; sym25__ <= 4; ++sym25__) {
+      for (int sym27__ = 1; sym27__ <= 4; ++sym27__) {
         {
-          for (int sym26__ = 1; sym26__ <= N_t; ++sym26__) {
+          for (int sym28__ = 1; sym28__ <= N_t; ++sym28__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym26__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym25__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym28__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym27__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -2555,11 +2557,11 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "xi");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "delta");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym25__ = 1; sym25__ <= 4; ++sym25__) {
+      for (int sym27__ = 1; sym27__ <= 4; ++sym27__) {
         {
-          for (int sym26__ = 1; sym26__ <= N_t; ++sym26__) {
+          for (int sym28__ = 1; sym28__ <= N_t; ++sym28__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym26__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym25__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "y" + '.' + std::to_string(sym28__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym27__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -2717,8 +2719,8 @@ static constexpr std::array<const char*, 69> locations_array__ =
  " (in 'copy_fail.stan', line 72, column 2 to column 52)",
  " (in 'copy_fail.stan', line 73, column 2 to column 50)",
  " (in 'copy_fail.stan', line 74, column 2 to column 50)",
- " (in 'copy_fail.stan', line 79, column 6 to column 20)",
  " (in 'copy_fail.stan', line 80, column 6 to column 18)",
+ " (in 'copy_fail.stan', line 79, column 6 to column 20)",
  " (in 'copy_fail.stan', line 78, column 34 to line 81, column 5)",
  " (in 'copy_fail.stan', line 83, column 6 to column 32)",
  " (in 'copy_fail.stan', line 84, column 6 to column 23)",
@@ -3061,6 +3063,8 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
  class copy_fail_model final : public model_base_crtp<copy_fail_model> {
 
  private:
+  int lcm_sym131__;
+  int lcm_sym130__;
   int lcm_sym129__;
   int lcm_sym128__;
   int lcm_sym127__;
@@ -3078,8 +3082,6 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
   int lcm_sym115__;
   int lcm_sym114__;
   int lcm_sym113__;
-  int lcm_sym112__;
-  int lcm_sym111__;
   int nind;
   int n_occasions;
   std::vector<std::vector<int>> y;
@@ -3177,8 +3179,8 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
         current_statement__ = 36;
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(n_occasions, 1)) {
           {
-            lcm_sym112__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
-            if (lcm_sym112__) {
+            lcm_sym114__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+            if (lcm_sym114__) {
               current_statement__ = 36;
               stan::model::assign(y,
                 stan::model::rvalue(y_flat__, "y_flat__",
@@ -3198,7 +3200,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 36;
-              if (lcm_sym112__) {
+              if (lcm_sym114__) {
                 current_statement__ = 36;
                 stan::model::assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", stan::model::index_uni(1),
@@ -3217,7 +3219,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
             }
           }
         } else {
-          lcm_sym112__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+          lcm_sym114__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 36;
@@ -3236,16 +3238,16 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       stan::math::check_greater_or_equal(function__, "max_age", max_age, 1);
       current_statement__ = 38;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("x", "nind", nind);
-      lcm_sym114__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+      lcm_sym116__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("x", "n_occasions - 1",
-                                              lcm_sym114__);
+                                              lcm_sym116__);
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-            static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym114__)});
+            static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym116__)});
       x = 
         std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, 
-          std::vector<int>(lcm_sym114__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+          std::vector<int>(lcm_sym116__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
       
       
       {
@@ -3255,9 +3257,9 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
         current_statement__ = 39;
         pos__ = 1;
         current_statement__ = 39;
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym114__, 1)) {
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym116__, 1)) {
           current_statement__ = 39;
-          if (lcm_sym112__) {
+          if (lcm_sym114__) {
             current_statement__ = 39;
             stan::model::assign(x,
               stan::model::rvalue(x_flat__, "x_flat__",
@@ -3275,9 +3277,9 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
               pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
             }
           } 
-          for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym114__; ++sym1__) {
+          for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym116__; ++sym1__) {
             current_statement__ = 39;
-            if (lcm_sym112__) {
+            if (lcm_sym114__) {
               current_statement__ = 39;
               stan::model::assign(x, x_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                 "assigning variable x", stan::model::index_uni(1),
@@ -3305,7 +3307,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       
       
       current_statement__ = 40;
-      n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym114__;
+      n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym116__;
       current_statement__ = 41;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 42;
@@ -3319,15 +3321,15 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       
       
       current_statement__ = 49;
-      if (lcm_sym112__) {
+      if (lcm_sym114__) {
         int inline_sym17__;
         int inline_sym19__;
         inline_sym19__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
-          lcm_sym121__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym123__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym121__;
+          for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym123__;
                ++inline_sym18__) {
             current_statement__ = 46;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
@@ -3351,10 +3353,10 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           int inline_sym19__;
           inline_sym19__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
-            lcm_sym120__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym122__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym120__;
+            for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym122__;
                  ++inline_sym18__) {
               current_statement__ = 46;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
@@ -3376,25 +3378,25 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
         }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 56;
-      if (lcm_sym112__) {
+      if (lcm_sym114__) {
         int inline_sym21__;
         int inline_sym24__;
         inline_sym24__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-          lcm_sym121__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym123__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          lcm_sym118__ = (lcm_sym121__ - 1);
-          for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym118__;
+          lcm_sym120__ = (lcm_sym123__ - 1);
+          for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym120__;
                ++inline_sym23__) {
             int inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym117__ = (lcm_sym121__ - inline_sym23__);
-            inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym117__;
+            lcm_sym119__ = (lcm_sym123__ - inline_sym23__);
+            inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym119__;
             current_statement__ = 52;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
-                (lcm_sym117__ - 1)]) {
+                (lcm_sym119__ - 1)]) {
               inline_sym24__ = 1;
-              inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym117__;
+              inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym119__;
               break;
             } 
           }
@@ -3412,20 +3414,20 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           int inline_sym24__;
           inline_sym24__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-            lcm_sym120__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym122__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            lcm_sym116__ = (lcm_sym120__ - 1);
-            for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym116__;
+            lcm_sym118__ = (lcm_sym122__ - 1);
+            for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym118__;
                  ++inline_sym23__) {
               int inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym115__ = (lcm_sym120__ - inline_sym23__);
-              inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym115__;
+              lcm_sym117__ = (lcm_sym122__ - inline_sym23__);
+              inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym117__;
               current_statement__ = 52;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
-                  (lcm_sym115__ - 1)]) {
+                  (lcm_sym117__ - 1)]) {
                 inline_sym24__ = 1;
-                inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym115__;
+                inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym117__;
                 break;
               } 
             }
@@ -3454,12 +3456,12 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 59;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "n_occ_minus_1",
-                                              lcm_sym114__);
+                                              lcm_sym116__);
       current_statement__ = 60;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("p", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 61;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("p", "n_occ_minus_1",
-                                              lcm_sym114__);
+                                              lcm_sym116__);
       current_statement__ = 62;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 63;
@@ -3490,10 +3492,12 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym112__;
+      int lcm_sym111__;
       int lcm_sym110__;
       int lcm_sym109__;
       int lcm_sym108__;
-      int lcm_sym107__;
+      double lcm_sym107__;
       double lcm_sym106__;
       double lcm_sym105__;
       double lcm_sym104__;
@@ -3509,7 +3513,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       double lcm_sym94__;
       double lcm_sym93__;
       double lcm_sym92__;
-      double lcm_sym91__;
+      int lcm_sym91__;
       int lcm_sym90__;
       int lcm_sym89__;
       int lcm_sym88__;
@@ -3529,7 +3533,6 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       int lcm_sym74__;
       int lcm_sym73__;
       int lcm_sym72__;
-      int lcm_sym71__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_p;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, 
@@ -3548,46 +3551,45 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi =
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(nind, n_occasions,
            DUMMY_VAR__);
-      lcm_sym71__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
-      if (lcm_sym71__) {
-        lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+      lcm_sym72__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+      if (lcm_sym72__) {
+        lcm_sym109__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                          stan::model::index_uni(1));
-        lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym108__ - 1);
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym84__, 1)) {
-          current_statement__ = 6;
+        lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym109__ - 1);
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym85__, 1)) {
           stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          current_statement__ = 7;
+          current_statement__ = 6;
           stan::model::assign(p, 0,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym84__; ++t) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
+          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym85__; ++t) {
+            current_statement__ = 7;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(t));
           }
         } 
-        lcm_sym82__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym82__, lcm_sym108__)) {
+        lcm_sym83__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, lcm_sym109__)) {
           current_statement__ = 9;
           stan::model::assign(phi,
             stan::model::rvalue(beta, "beta",
               stan::model::index_uni(stan::model::rvalue(x, "x",
                                        stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                         stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__)))),
+                                         stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__)))),
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
-          lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
+                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__));
+          lcm_sym91__ = (lcm_sym109__ + 1);
           stan::model::assign(p, mean_p,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
-          for (int t = lcm_sym90__; t <= lcm_sym82__; ++t) {
+                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__));
+          for (int t = lcm_sym91__; t <= lcm_sym83__; ++t) {
             current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(phi,
               stan::model::rvalue(beta, "beta",
@@ -3603,44 +3605,43 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
-          lcm_sym107__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+          lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                            stan::model::index_uni(i));
-          lcm_sym83__ = (lcm_sym107__ - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, 1)) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
+          lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym108__ - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym84__, 1)) {
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym83__; ++t) {
-              current_statement__ = 6;
+            for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym84__; ++t) {
+              current_statement__ = 7;
               stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
-              current_statement__ = 7;
+              current_statement__ = 6;
               stan::model::assign(p, 0,
                 "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
             }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 12;
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym82__, lcm_sym107__)) {
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, lcm_sym108__)) {
             current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(phi,
               stan::model::rvalue(beta, "beta",
                 stan::model::index_uni(stan::model::rvalue(x, "x",
                                          stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                           stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym107__)))),
+                                           stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__)))),
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym107__));
-            lcm_sym89__ = (lcm_sym107__ + 1);
+                                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
+            lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
             stan::model::assign(p, mean_p,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym107__));
-            for (int t = lcm_sym89__; t <= lcm_sym82__; ++t) {
+                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
+            for (int t = lcm_sym90__; t <= lcm_sym83__; ++t) {
               current_statement__ = 9;
               stan::model::assign(phi,
                 stan::model::rvalue(beta, "beta",
@@ -3674,55 +3675,55 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__, 1.0,
             "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
                                                    stan::model::index_uni(n_occasions));
-          lcm_sym82__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym82__, 1)) {
+          lcm_sym83__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
             int inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym86__ = (lcm_sym82__ + 1);
+            lcm_sym87__ = (lcm_sym83__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 21;
             stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__,
               stan::math::fma(
                 (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                    stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)) *
+                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym83__)) *
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym86__ - 1))))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym87__ - 1))))),
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym10__, "inline_sym10__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym86__)),
+                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym87__)),
                 (1 -
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)))),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym83__)))),
               "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__));
-            for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym82__;
+                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym83__));
+            for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym83__;
                  ++inline_sym13__) {
               int inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym81__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
+              lcm_sym82__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
               int inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym81__ + 1);
+              lcm_sym86__ = (lcm_sym82__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 21;
               stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__,
                 stan::math::fma(
                   (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                      stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__)) *
+                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)) *
                     (1 -
                       stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym85__ - 1))))),
+                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym86__ - 1))))),
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym10__, "inline_sym10__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym85__)),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym86__)),
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__)))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)))),
                 "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__));
+                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__));
             }
           } 
           if (inline_sym15__) {
@@ -3752,30 +3753,30 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi", inline_sym9__, 1);
       {
         current_statement__ = 31;
-        if (lcm_sym71__) {
-          lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+        if (lcm_sym72__) {
+          lcm_sym109__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                            stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym108__, 0)) {
-            lcm_sym110__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
+          if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym109__, 0)) {
+            lcm_sym111__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
-            if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym110__, lcm_sym90__)) {
+            lcm_sym91__ = (lcm_sym109__ + 1);
+            if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym111__, lcm_sym91__)) {
               current_statement__ = 25;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
-              lcm_sym88__ = (lcm_sym90__ + 1);
+                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym91__ - 1)))));
+              lcm_sym89__ = (lcm_sym91__ + 1);
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                   stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym90__)),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym91__)),
                   stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
-              for (int t = lcm_sym88__; t <= lcm_sym110__; ++t) {
+                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym91__ - 1)))));
+              for (int t = lcm_sym89__; t <= lcm_sym111__; ++t) {
                 current_statement__ = 25;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -3797,32 +3798,32 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
               stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym110__))));
+                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym111__))));
           } 
           for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
-            lcm_sym107__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+            lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                              stan::model::index_uni(i));
-            if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym107__, 0)) {
-              lcm_sym109__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
+            if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym108__, 0)) {
+              lcm_sym110__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i));
-              lcm_sym89__ = (lcm_sym107__ + 1);
-              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym109__, lcm_sym89__)) {
+              lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
+              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym110__, lcm_sym90__)) {
                 current_statement__ = 25;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym89__ - 1)))));
-                lcm_sym87__ = (lcm_sym89__ + 1);
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
+                lcm_sym88__ = (lcm_sym90__ + 1);
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym89__)),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym90__)),
                     stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym89__ - 1)))));
-                for (int t = lcm_sym87__; t <= lcm_sym109__; ++t) {
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
+                for (int t = lcm_sym88__; t <= lcm_sym110__; ++t) {
                   current_statement__ = 25;
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -3844,7 +3845,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__))));
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym110__))));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -3881,6 +3882,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym71__;
       int lcm_sym70__;
       int lcm_sym69__;
       double lcm_sym68__;
@@ -3936,20 +3938,19 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
         lcm_sym56__ = (lcm_sym70__ - 1);
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym56__, 1)) {
-          current_statement__ = 6;
           stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          current_statement__ = 7;
+          current_statement__ = 6;
           stan::model::assign(p, 0,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(1));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym56__; ++t) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
+            current_statement__ = 7;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(t));
@@ -3989,20 +3990,19 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
                           stan::model::index_uni(i));
           lcm_sym55__ = (lcm_sym69__ - 1);
           if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym55__, 1)) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym55__; ++t) {
-              current_statement__ = 6;
+              current_statement__ = 7;
               stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
-              current_statement__ = 7;
+              current_statement__ = 6;
               stan::model::assign(p, 0,
                 "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
@@ -4207,35 +4207,35 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     final {
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
-    for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= max_age; ++sym130__) {
+    for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= max_age; ++sym132__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
       } 
     }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occasions; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occasions; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -4255,35 +4255,35 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     final {
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
-    for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= max_age; ++sym130__) {
+    for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= max_age; ++sym132__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
       } 
     }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occasions; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occasions; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -5951,6 +5951,7 @@ static constexpr std::array<const char*, 8> locations_array__ =
 class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_experiment2_model> {
 
  private:
+  double lcm_sym5__;
   double lcm_sym4__;
   int j;
   double z;
@@ -5981,6 +5982,7 @@ class expr_prop_experiment2_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_exper
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       
+      
       int pos__;
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 1;
@@ -9149,8 +9151,8 @@ static constexpr std::array<const char*, 71> locations_array__ =
  " (in 'expr-prop-fail5.stan', line 77, column 2 to column 50)",
  " (in 'expr-prop-fail5.stan', line 78, column 2 to column 50)",
  " (in 'expr-prop-fail5.stan', line 79, column 2 to column 10)",
- " (in 'expr-prop-fail5.stan', line 85, column 6 to column 20)",
  " (in 'expr-prop-fail5.stan', line 86, column 6 to column 18)",
+ " (in 'expr-prop-fail5.stan', line 85, column 6 to column 20)",
  " (in 'expr-prop-fail5.stan', line 84, column 34 to line 87, column 5)",
  " (in 'expr-prop-fail5.stan', line 89, column 6 to column 45)",
  " (in 'expr-prop-fail5.stan', line 90, column 6 to column 23)",
@@ -9493,6 +9495,8 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
 class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model> {
 
  private:
+  int lcm_sym128__;
+  int lcm_sym127__;
   int lcm_sym126__;
   int lcm_sym125__;
   int lcm_sym124__;
@@ -9507,8 +9511,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
   int lcm_sym115__;
   int lcm_sym114__;
   int lcm_sym113__;
-  int lcm_sym112__;
-  int lcm_sym111__;
   int nind;
   int n_occasions;
   std::vector<std::vector<int>> y;
@@ -9601,8 +9603,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
         current_statement__ = 41;
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(n_occasions, 1)) {
           {
-            lcm_sym112__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
-            if (lcm_sym112__) {
+            lcm_sym114__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+            if (lcm_sym114__) {
               current_statement__ = 41;
               stan::model::assign(y,
                 stan::model::rvalue(y_flat__, "y_flat__",
@@ -9622,7 +9624,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 41;
-              if (lcm_sym112__) {
+              if (lcm_sym114__) {
                 current_statement__ = 41;
                 stan::model::assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", stan::model::index_uni(1),
@@ -9641,7 +9643,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
             }
           }
         } else {
-          lcm_sym112__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+          lcm_sym114__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 41;
@@ -9652,8 +9654,8 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       
-      lcm_sym113__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-      n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym113__;
+      lcm_sym115__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+      n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym115__;
       current_statement__ = 43;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 44;
@@ -9667,15 +9669,15 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       
       
       current_statement__ = 51;
-      if (lcm_sym112__) {
+      if (lcm_sym114__) {
         int inline_sym17__;
         int inline_sym19__;
         inline_sym19__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
-          lcm_sym120__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym122__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym120__;
+          for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym122__;
                ++inline_sym18__) {
             current_statement__ = 48;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
@@ -9699,10 +9701,10 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           int inline_sym19__;
           inline_sym19__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
-            lcm_sym119__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym121__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym119__;
+            for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym121__;
                  ++inline_sym18__) {
               current_statement__ = 48;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
@@ -9724,25 +9726,25 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
         }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 58;
-      if (lcm_sym112__) {
+      if (lcm_sym114__) {
         int inline_sym21__;
         int inline_sym24__;
         inline_sym24__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-          lcm_sym120__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym122__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          lcm_sym117__ = (lcm_sym120__ - 1);
-          for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym117__;
+          lcm_sym119__ = (lcm_sym122__ - 1);
+          for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym119__;
                ++inline_sym23__) {
             int inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym116__ = (lcm_sym120__ - inline_sym23__);
-            inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym116__;
+            lcm_sym118__ = (lcm_sym122__ - inline_sym23__);
+            inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym118__;
             current_statement__ = 54;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
-                (lcm_sym116__ - 1)]) {
+                (lcm_sym118__ - 1)]) {
               inline_sym24__ = 1;
-              inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym116__;
+              inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym118__;
               break;
             } 
           }
@@ -9760,20 +9762,20 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           int inline_sym24__;
           inline_sym24__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-            lcm_sym119__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym121__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            lcm_sym115__ = (lcm_sym119__ - 1);
-            for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym115__;
+            lcm_sym117__ = (lcm_sym121__ - 1);
+            for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym117__;
                  ++inline_sym23__) {
               int inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym114__ = (lcm_sym119__ - inline_sym23__);
-              inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym114__;
+              lcm_sym116__ = (lcm_sym121__ - inline_sym23__);
+              inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym116__;
               current_statement__ = 54;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
-                  (lcm_sym114__ - 1)]) {
+                  (lcm_sym116__ - 1)]) {
                 inline_sym24__ = 1;
-                inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym114__;
+                inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym116__;
                 break;
               } 
             }
@@ -9802,12 +9804,12 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 61;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "n_occ_minus_1",
-                                              lcm_sym113__);
+                                              lcm_sym115__);
       current_statement__ = 62;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("p", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 63;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("p", "n_occ_minus_1",
-                                              lcm_sym113__);
+                                              lcm_sym115__);
       current_statement__ = 64;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 65;
@@ -9838,14 +9840,16 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym112__;
+      int lcm_sym111__;
       int lcm_sym110__;
       int lcm_sym109__;
       int lcm_sym108__;
-      int lcm_sym107__;
-      double lcm_sym106__;
+      double lcm_sym107__;
+      local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym106__;
       local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym105__;
       local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym104__;
-      local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym103__;
+      double lcm_sym103__;
       double lcm_sym102__;
       double lcm_sym101__;
       double lcm_sym100__;
@@ -9857,7 +9861,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       double lcm_sym94__;
       double lcm_sym93__;
       double lcm_sym92__;
-      double lcm_sym91__;
+      int lcm_sym91__;
       int lcm_sym90__;
       int lcm_sym89__;
       int lcm_sym88__;
@@ -9877,7 +9881,6 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
       int lcm_sym74__;
       int lcm_sym73__;
       int lcm_sym72__;
-      int lcm_sym71__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_phi;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, 
@@ -9904,49 +9907,48 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(nind, n_occasions,
            DUMMY_VAR__);
       local_scalar_t__ mu = DUMMY_VAR__;
-      lcm_sym105__ = stan::math::logit(mean_phi);
-      mu = lcm_sym105__;
-      lcm_sym71__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
-      if (lcm_sym71__) {
-        lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+      lcm_sym106__ = stan::math::logit(mean_phi);
+      mu = lcm_sym106__;
+      lcm_sym72__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+      if (lcm_sym72__) {
+        lcm_sym109__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                          stan::model::index_uni(1));
-        lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym108__ - 1);
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym84__, 1)) {
-          current_statement__ = 9;
+        lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym109__ - 1);
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym85__, 1)) {
           stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          current_statement__ = 10;
+          current_statement__ = 9;
           stan::model::assign(p, 0,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym84__; ++t) {
-            current_statement__ = 9;
+          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym85__; ++t) {
+            current_statement__ = 10;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
-            current_statement__ = 10;
+            current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(t));
           }
         } 
-        lcm_sym82__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym82__, lcm_sym108__)) {
-          lcm_sym104__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
-                           (lcm_sym105__ +
+        lcm_sym83__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, lcm_sym109__)) {
+          lcm_sym105__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
+                           (lcm_sym106__ +
                              stan::model::rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon",
                                stan::model::index_uni(1))));
-          stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym104__,
+          stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym105__,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
-          lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
+                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__));
+          lcm_sym91__ = (lcm_sym109__ + 1);
           stan::model::assign(p, mean_p,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
-          for (int t = lcm_sym90__; t <= lcm_sym82__; ++t) {
+                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__));
+          for (int t = lcm_sym91__; t <= lcm_sym83__; ++t) {
             current_statement__ = 12;
-            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym104__,
+            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym105__,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
             current_statement__ = 13;
@@ -9956,45 +9958,44 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
-          lcm_sym107__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+          lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                            stan::model::index_uni(i));
-          lcm_sym83__ = (lcm_sym107__ - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, 1)) {
-            current_statement__ = 9;
+          lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym108__ - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym84__, 1)) {
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            current_statement__ = 10;
+            current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym83__; ++t) {
-              current_statement__ = 9;
+            for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym84__; ++t) {
+              current_statement__ = 10;
               stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
-              current_statement__ = 10;
+              current_statement__ = 9;
               stan::model::assign(p, 0,
                 "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
             }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 15;
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym82__, lcm_sym107__)) {
-            lcm_sym103__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
-                             (lcm_sym105__ +
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, lcm_sym108__)) {
+            lcm_sym104__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
+                             (lcm_sym106__ +
                                stan::model::rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon",
                                  stan::model::index_uni(i))));
-            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym103__,
+            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym104__,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym107__));
-            lcm_sym89__ = (lcm_sym107__ + 1);
+                                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
+            lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
             stan::model::assign(p, mean_p,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym107__));
-            for (int t = lcm_sym89__; t <= lcm_sym82__; ++t) {
+                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
+            for (int t = lcm_sym90__; t <= lcm_sym83__; ++t) {
               current_statement__ = 12;
-              stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym103__,
+              stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym104__,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
               current_statement__ = 13;
@@ -10022,55 +10023,55 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
           stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__, 1.0,
             "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
                                                    stan::model::index_uni(n_occasions));
-          lcm_sym82__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym82__, 1)) {
+          lcm_sym83__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
             int inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym86__ = (lcm_sym82__ + 1);
+            lcm_sym87__ = (lcm_sym83__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 24;
             stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__,
               stan::math::fma(
                 (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                    stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)) *
+                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym83__)) *
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym86__ - 1))))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym87__ - 1))))),
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym10__, "inline_sym10__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym86__)),
+                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym87__)),
                 (1 -
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)))),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym83__)))),
               "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__));
-            for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym82__;
+                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym83__));
+            for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym83__;
                  ++inline_sym13__) {
               int inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
               int inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym81__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
-              lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym81__ + 1);
+              lcm_sym82__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
+              lcm_sym86__ = (lcm_sym82__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 24;
               stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__,
                 stan::math::fma(
                   (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                      stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__)) *
+                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)) *
                     (1 -
                       stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym85__ - 1))))),
+                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym86__ - 1))))),
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym10__, "inline_sym10__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym85__)),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym86__)),
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__)))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)))),
                 "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__));
+                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__));
             }
           } 
           if (inline_sym15__) {
@@ -10102,30 +10103,30 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
         current_statement__ = 29;
         lp_accum__.add(stan::math::normal_lpdf<propto__>(epsilon, 0, sigma));
         current_statement__ = 36;
-        if (lcm_sym71__) {
-          lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+        if (lcm_sym72__) {
+          lcm_sym109__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                            stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym108__, 0)) {
-            lcm_sym110__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
+          if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym109__, 0)) {
+            lcm_sym111__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
-            if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym110__, lcm_sym90__)) {
+            lcm_sym91__ = (lcm_sym109__ + 1);
+            if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym111__, lcm_sym91__)) {
               current_statement__ = 30;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
-              lcm_sym88__ = (lcm_sym90__ + 1);
+                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym91__ - 1)))));
+              lcm_sym89__ = (lcm_sym91__ + 1);
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                   stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym90__)),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym91__)),
                   stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
-              for (int t = lcm_sym88__; t <= lcm_sym110__; ++t) {
+                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym91__ - 1)))));
+              for (int t = lcm_sym89__; t <= lcm_sym111__; ++t) {
                 current_statement__ = 30;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -10147,32 +10148,32 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
               stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym110__))));
+                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym111__))));
           } 
           for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
-            lcm_sym107__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+            lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                              stan::model::index_uni(i));
-            if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym107__, 0)) {
-              lcm_sym109__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
+            if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym108__, 0)) {
+              lcm_sym110__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i));
-              lcm_sym89__ = (lcm_sym107__ + 1);
-              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym109__, lcm_sym89__)) {
+              lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
+              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym110__, lcm_sym90__)) {
                 current_statement__ = 30;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym89__ - 1)))));
-                lcm_sym87__ = (lcm_sym89__ + 1);
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
+                lcm_sym88__ = (lcm_sym90__ + 1);
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym89__)),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym90__)),
                     stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym89__ - 1)))));
-                for (int t = lcm_sym87__; t <= lcm_sym109__; ++t) {
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
+                for (int t = lcm_sym88__; t <= lcm_sym110__; ++t) {
                   current_statement__ = 30;
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -10194,7 +10195,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__))));
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym110__))));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -10231,6 +10232,7 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym71__;
       int lcm_sym70__;
       int lcm_sym69__;
       double lcm_sym68__;
@@ -10298,20 +10300,19 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
         lcm_sym56__ = (lcm_sym70__ - 1);
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym56__, 1)) {
-          current_statement__ = 9;
           stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          current_statement__ = 10;
+          current_statement__ = 9;
           stan::model::assign(p, 0,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(1));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym56__; ++t) {
-            current_statement__ = 9;
+            current_statement__ = 10;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
-            current_statement__ = 10;
+            current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(t));
@@ -10346,20 +10347,19 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
                           stan::model::index_uni(i));
           lcm_sym55__ = (lcm_sym69__ - 1);
           if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym55__, 1)) {
-            current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            current_statement__ = 10;
+            current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym55__; ++t) {
-              current_statement__ = 9;
+              current_statement__ = 10;
               stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
-              current_statement__ = 10;
+              current_statement__ = 9;
               stan::model::assign(p, 0,
                 "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
@@ -10575,36 +10575,36 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_phi");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
-    for (int sym127__ = 1; sym127__ <= nind; ++sym127__) {
+    for (int sym129__ = 1; sym129__ <= nind; ++sym129__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym127__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym129__));
       } 
     }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym127__ = 1; sym127__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym127__) {
+      for (int sym129__ = 1; sym129__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym129__) {
         {
-          for (int sym128__ = 1; sym128__ <= nind; ++sym128__) {
+          for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= nind; ++sym130__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym128__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym127__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym129__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym127__ = 1; sym127__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym127__) {
+      for (int sym129__ = 1; sym129__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym129__) {
         {
-          for (int sym128__ = 1; sym128__ <= nind; ++sym128__) {
+          for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= nind; ++sym130__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym128__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym127__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym129__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym127__ = 1; sym127__ <= n_occasions; ++sym127__) {
+      for (int sym129__ = 1; sym129__ <= n_occasions; ++sym129__) {
         {
-          for (int sym128__ = 1; sym128__ <= nind; ++sym128__) {
+          for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= nind; ++sym130__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym128__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym127__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym129__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -10626,36 +10626,36 @@ class expr_prop_fail5_model final : public model_base_crtp<expr_prop_fail5_model
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_phi");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
-    for (int sym127__ = 1; sym127__ <= nind; ++sym127__) {
+    for (int sym129__ = 1; sym129__ <= nind; ++sym129__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym127__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym129__));
       } 
     }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym127__ = 1; sym127__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym127__) {
+      for (int sym129__ = 1; sym129__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym129__) {
         {
-          for (int sym128__ = 1; sym128__ <= nind; ++sym128__) {
+          for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= nind; ++sym130__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym128__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym127__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym129__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym127__ = 1; sym127__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym127__) {
+      for (int sym129__ = 1; sym129__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym129__) {
         {
-          for (int sym128__ = 1; sym128__ <= nind; ++sym128__) {
+          for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= nind; ++sym130__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym128__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym127__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym129__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym127__ = 1; sym127__ <= n_occasions; ++sym127__) {
+      for (int sym129__ = 1; sym129__ <= n_occasions; ++sym129__) {
         {
-          for (int sym128__ = 1; sym128__ <= nind; ++sym128__) {
+          for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= nind; ++sym130__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym128__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym127__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym129__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -15766,8 +15766,8 @@ static constexpr std::array<const char*, 69> locations_array__ =
  " (in 'fails-test.stan', line 72, column 2 to column 52)",
  " (in 'fails-test.stan', line 73, column 2 to column 50)",
  " (in 'fails-test.stan', line 74, column 2 to column 50)",
- " (in 'fails-test.stan', line 79, column 6 to column 20)",
  " (in 'fails-test.stan', line 80, column 6 to column 18)",
+ " (in 'fails-test.stan', line 79, column 6 to column 20)",
  " (in 'fails-test.stan', line 78, column 34 to line 81, column 5)",
  " (in 'fails-test.stan', line 83, column 6 to column 32)",
  " (in 'fails-test.stan', line 84, column 6 to column 23)",
@@ -16110,6 +16110,8 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
  class fails_test_model final : public model_base_crtp<fails_test_model> {
 
  private:
+  int lcm_sym131__;
+  int lcm_sym130__;
   int lcm_sym129__;
   int lcm_sym128__;
   int lcm_sym127__;
@@ -16127,8 +16129,6 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
   int lcm_sym115__;
   int lcm_sym114__;
   int lcm_sym113__;
-  int lcm_sym112__;
-  int lcm_sym111__;
   int nind;
   int n_occasions;
   std::vector<std::vector<int>> y;
@@ -16226,8 +16226,8 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
         current_statement__ = 36;
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(n_occasions, 1)) {
           {
-            lcm_sym112__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
-            if (lcm_sym112__) {
+            lcm_sym114__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+            if (lcm_sym114__) {
               current_statement__ = 36;
               stan::model::assign(y,
                 stan::model::rvalue(y_flat__, "y_flat__",
@@ -16247,7 +16247,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 36;
-              if (lcm_sym112__) {
+              if (lcm_sym114__) {
                 current_statement__ = 36;
                 stan::model::assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", stan::model::index_uni(1),
@@ -16266,7 +16266,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
             }
           }
         } else {
-          lcm_sym112__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+          lcm_sym114__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 36;
@@ -16285,16 +16285,16 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       stan::math::check_greater_or_equal(function__, "max_age", max_age, 1);
       current_statement__ = 38;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("x", "nind", nind);
-      lcm_sym114__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+      lcm_sym116__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("x", "n_occasions - 1",
-                                              lcm_sym114__);
+                                              lcm_sym116__);
       current_statement__ = 39;
       context__.validate_dims("data initialization","x","int",
            std::vector<size_t>{static_cast<size_t>(nind),
-            static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym114__)});
+            static_cast<size_t>(lcm_sym116__)});
       x = 
         std::vector<std::vector<int>>(nind, 
-          std::vector<int>(lcm_sym114__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
+          std::vector<int>(lcm_sym116__, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
       
       
       {
@@ -16304,9 +16304,9 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
         current_statement__ = 39;
         pos__ = 1;
         current_statement__ = 39;
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym114__, 1)) {
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym116__, 1)) {
           current_statement__ = 39;
-          if (lcm_sym112__) {
+          if (lcm_sym114__) {
             current_statement__ = 39;
             stan::model::assign(x,
               stan::model::rvalue(x_flat__, "x_flat__",
@@ -16324,9 +16324,9 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
               pos__ = (pos__ + 1);
             }
           } 
-          for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym114__; ++sym1__) {
+          for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym116__; ++sym1__) {
             current_statement__ = 39;
-            if (lcm_sym112__) {
+            if (lcm_sym114__) {
               current_statement__ = 39;
               stan::model::assign(x, x_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                 "assigning variable x", stan::model::index_uni(1),
@@ -16354,7 +16354,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       
       
       current_statement__ = 40;
-      n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym114__;
+      n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym116__;
       current_statement__ = 41;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 42;
@@ -16368,15 +16368,15 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       
       
       current_statement__ = 49;
-      if (lcm_sym112__) {
+      if (lcm_sym114__) {
         int inline_sym17__;
         int inline_sym19__;
         inline_sym19__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
-          lcm_sym121__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym123__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym121__;
+          for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym123__;
                ++inline_sym18__) {
             current_statement__ = 46;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
@@ -16400,10 +16400,10 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           int inline_sym19__;
           inline_sym19__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
-            lcm_sym120__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym122__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym120__;
+            for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym122__;
                  ++inline_sym18__) {
               current_statement__ = 46;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
@@ -16425,25 +16425,25 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
         }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 56;
-      if (lcm_sym112__) {
+      if (lcm_sym114__) {
         int inline_sym21__;
         int inline_sym24__;
         inline_sym24__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-          lcm_sym121__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym123__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          lcm_sym118__ = (lcm_sym121__ - 1);
-          for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym118__;
+          lcm_sym120__ = (lcm_sym123__ - 1);
+          for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym120__;
                ++inline_sym23__) {
             int inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym117__ = (lcm_sym121__ - inline_sym23__);
-            inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym117__;
+            lcm_sym119__ = (lcm_sym123__ - inline_sym23__);
+            inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym119__;
             current_statement__ = 52;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
-                (lcm_sym117__ - 1)]) {
+                (lcm_sym119__ - 1)]) {
               inline_sym24__ = 1;
-              inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym117__;
+              inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym119__;
               break;
             } 
           }
@@ -16461,20 +16461,20 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           int inline_sym24__;
           inline_sym24__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-            lcm_sym120__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym122__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            lcm_sym116__ = (lcm_sym120__ - 1);
-            for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym116__;
+            lcm_sym118__ = (lcm_sym122__ - 1);
+            for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym118__;
                  ++inline_sym23__) {
               int inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym115__ = (lcm_sym120__ - inline_sym23__);
-              inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym115__;
+              lcm_sym117__ = (lcm_sym122__ - inline_sym23__);
+              inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym117__;
               current_statement__ = 52;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
-                  (lcm_sym115__ - 1)]) {
+                  (lcm_sym117__ - 1)]) {
                 inline_sym24__ = 1;
-                inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym115__;
+                inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym117__;
                 break;
               } 
             }
@@ -16503,12 +16503,12 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 59;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "n_occ_minus_1",
-                                              lcm_sym114__);
+                                              lcm_sym116__);
       current_statement__ = 60;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("p", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 61;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("p", "n_occ_minus_1",
-                                              lcm_sym114__);
+                                              lcm_sym116__);
       current_statement__ = 62;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 63;
@@ -16539,10 +16539,12 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym112__;
+      int lcm_sym111__;
       int lcm_sym110__;
       int lcm_sym109__;
       int lcm_sym108__;
-      int lcm_sym107__;
+      double lcm_sym107__;
       double lcm_sym106__;
       double lcm_sym105__;
       double lcm_sym104__;
@@ -16558,7 +16560,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       double lcm_sym94__;
       double lcm_sym93__;
       double lcm_sym92__;
-      double lcm_sym91__;
+      int lcm_sym91__;
       int lcm_sym90__;
       int lcm_sym89__;
       int lcm_sym88__;
@@ -16578,7 +16580,6 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       int lcm_sym74__;
       int lcm_sym73__;
       int lcm_sym72__;
-      int lcm_sym71__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_p;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_p = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, 
@@ -16597,46 +16598,45 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi =
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(nind, n_occasions,
            DUMMY_VAR__);
-      lcm_sym71__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
-      if (lcm_sym71__) {
-        lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+      lcm_sym72__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+      if (lcm_sym72__) {
+        lcm_sym109__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                          stan::model::index_uni(1));
-        lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym108__ - 1);
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym84__, 1)) {
-          current_statement__ = 6;
+        lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym109__ - 1);
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym85__, 1)) {
           stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          current_statement__ = 7;
+          current_statement__ = 6;
           stan::model::assign(p, 0,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym84__; ++t) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
+          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym85__; ++t) {
+            current_statement__ = 7;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(t));
           }
         } 
-        lcm_sym82__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym82__, lcm_sym108__)) {
+        lcm_sym83__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, lcm_sym109__)) {
           current_statement__ = 9;
           stan::model::assign(phi,
             stan::model::rvalue(beta, "beta",
               stan::model::index_uni(stan::model::rvalue(x, "x",
                                        stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                         stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__)))),
+                                         stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__)))),
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
-          lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
+                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__));
+          lcm_sym91__ = (lcm_sym109__ + 1);
           stan::model::assign(p, mean_p,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
-          for (int t = lcm_sym90__; t <= lcm_sym82__; ++t) {
+                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__));
+          for (int t = lcm_sym91__; t <= lcm_sym83__; ++t) {
             current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(phi,
               stan::model::rvalue(beta, "beta",
@@ -16652,44 +16652,43 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
-          lcm_sym107__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+          lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                            stan::model::index_uni(i));
-          lcm_sym83__ = (lcm_sym107__ - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, 1)) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
+          lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym108__ - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym84__, 1)) {
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym83__; ++t) {
-              current_statement__ = 6;
+            for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym84__; ++t) {
+              current_statement__ = 7;
               stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
-              current_statement__ = 7;
+              current_statement__ = 6;
               stan::model::assign(p, 0,
                 "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
             }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 12;
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym82__, lcm_sym107__)) {
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, lcm_sym108__)) {
             current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(phi,
               stan::model::rvalue(beta, "beta",
                 stan::model::index_uni(stan::model::rvalue(x, "x",
                                          stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                           stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym107__)))),
+                                           stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__)))),
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym107__));
-            lcm_sym89__ = (lcm_sym107__ + 1);
+                                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
+            lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
             stan::model::assign(p, mean_p,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym107__));
-            for (int t = lcm_sym89__; t <= lcm_sym82__; ++t) {
+                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym108__));
+            for (int t = lcm_sym90__; t <= lcm_sym83__; ++t) {
               current_statement__ = 9;
               stan::model::assign(phi,
                 stan::model::rvalue(beta, "beta",
@@ -16723,55 +16722,55 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__, 1.0,
             "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
                                                    stan::model::index_uni(n_occasions));
-          lcm_sym82__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym82__, 1)) {
+          lcm_sym83__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym83__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
             int inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym86__ = (lcm_sym82__ + 1);
+            lcm_sym87__ = (lcm_sym83__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 21;
             stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__,
               stan::math::fma(
                 (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                    stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)) *
+                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym83__)) *
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym86__ - 1))))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym87__ - 1))))),
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym10__, "inline_sym10__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym86__)),
+                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym87__)),
                 (1 -
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)))),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym83__)))),
               "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__));
-            for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym82__;
+                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym83__));
+            for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym83__;
                  ++inline_sym13__) {
               int inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym81__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
+              lcm_sym82__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
               int inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym81__ + 1);
+              lcm_sym86__ = (lcm_sym82__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 21;
               stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__,
                 stan::math::fma(
                   (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                      stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__)) *
+                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)) *
                     (1 -
                       stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym85__ - 1))))),
+                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym86__ - 1))))),
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym10__, "inline_sym10__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym85__)),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym86__)),
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__)))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)))),
                 "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__));
+                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__));
             }
           } 
           if (inline_sym15__) {
@@ -16801,30 +16800,30 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi", inline_sym9__, 1);
       {
         current_statement__ = 31;
-        if (lcm_sym71__) {
-          lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+        if (lcm_sym72__) {
+          lcm_sym109__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                            stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym108__, 0)) {
-            lcm_sym110__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
+          if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym109__, 0)) {
+            lcm_sym111__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
-            if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym110__, lcm_sym90__)) {
+            lcm_sym91__ = (lcm_sym109__ + 1);
+            if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym111__, lcm_sym91__)) {
               current_statement__ = 25;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
-              lcm_sym88__ = (lcm_sym90__ + 1);
+                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym91__ - 1)))));
+              lcm_sym89__ = (lcm_sym91__ + 1);
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                   stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym90__)),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym91__)),
                   stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
-              for (int t = lcm_sym88__; t <= lcm_sym110__; ++t) {
+                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym91__ - 1)))));
+              for (int t = lcm_sym89__; t <= lcm_sym111__; ++t) {
                 current_statement__ = 25;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -16846,32 +16845,32 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
               stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym110__))));
+                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym111__))));
           } 
           for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
-            lcm_sym107__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+            lcm_sym108__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                              stan::model::index_uni(i));
-            if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym107__, 0)) {
-              lcm_sym109__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
+            if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym108__, 0)) {
+              lcm_sym110__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i));
-              lcm_sym89__ = (lcm_sym107__ + 1);
-              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym109__, lcm_sym89__)) {
+              lcm_sym90__ = (lcm_sym108__ + 1);
+              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym110__, lcm_sym90__)) {
                 current_statement__ = 25;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym89__ - 1)))));
-                lcm_sym87__ = (lcm_sym89__ + 1);
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
+                lcm_sym88__ = (lcm_sym90__ + 1);
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym89__)),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym90__)),
                     stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym89__ - 1)))));
-                for (int t = lcm_sym87__; t <= lcm_sym109__; ++t) {
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym90__ - 1)))));
+                for (int t = lcm_sym88__; t <= lcm_sym110__; ++t) {
                   current_statement__ = 25;
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -16893,7 +16892,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym109__))));
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym110__))));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -16930,6 +16929,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym71__;
       int lcm_sym70__;
       int lcm_sym69__;
       double lcm_sym68__;
@@ -16985,20 +16985,19 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
         lcm_sym56__ = (lcm_sym70__ - 1);
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym56__, 1)) {
-          current_statement__ = 6;
           stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          current_statement__ = 7;
+          current_statement__ = 6;
           stan::model::assign(p, 0,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(1));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym56__; ++t) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
+            current_statement__ = 7;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(t));
@@ -17038,20 +17037,19 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
                           stan::model::index_uni(i));
           lcm_sym55__ = (lcm_sym69__ - 1);
           if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym55__, 1)) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym55__; ++t) {
-              current_statement__ = 6;
+              current_statement__ = 7;
               stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
-              current_statement__ = 7;
+              current_statement__ = 6;
               stan::model::assign(p, 0,
                 "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
@@ -17256,35 +17254,35 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     final {
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
-    for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= max_age; ++sym130__) {
+    for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= max_age; ++sym132__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
       } 
     }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occasions; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occasions; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -17304,35 +17302,35 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     final {
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
-    for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= max_age; ++sym130__) {
+    for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= max_age; ++sym132__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta" + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
       } 
     }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym130__ = 1; sym130__ <= n_occasions; ++sym130__) {
+      for (int sym132__ = 1; sym132__ <= n_occasions; ++sym132__) {
         {
-          for (int sym131__ = 1; sym131__ <= nind; ++sym131__) {
+          for (int sym133__ = 1; sym133__ <= nind; ++sym133__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym131__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym130__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym133__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym132__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -18472,6 +18470,7 @@ template <typename T0__, stan::require_col_vector_t<T0__>* = nullptr>
     local_scalar_t__ DUMMY_VAR__(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
+      double lcm_sym129__;
       int lcm_sym128__;
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> lcm_sym127__;
       double lcm_sym126__;
@@ -18578,6 +18577,8 @@ prob_uncaptured_functor__::operator()(const T0__& p, const T1__& phi,
 class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model> {
 
  private:
+  int lcm_sym279__;
+  int lcm_sym278__;
   int lcm_sym277__;
   int lcm_sym276__;
   int lcm_sym275__;
@@ -18592,8 +18593,6 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
   int lcm_sym266__;
   int lcm_sym265__;
   int lcm_sym264__;
-  int lcm_sym263__;
-  int lcm_sym262__;
   int M;
   int n_occasions;
   std::vector<std::vector<int>> y;
@@ -18687,8 +18686,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         current_statement__ = 106;
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(n_occasions, 1)) {
           {
-            lcm_sym262__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
-            if (lcm_sym262__) {
+            lcm_sym264__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
+            if (lcm_sym264__) {
               current_statement__ = 106;
               stan::model::assign(y,
                 stan::model::rvalue(y_flat__, "y_flat__",
@@ -18708,7 +18707,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 106;
-              if (lcm_sym262__) {
+              if (lcm_sym264__) {
                 current_statement__ = 106;
                 stan::model::assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", stan::model::index_uni(1),
@@ -18727,7 +18726,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             }
           }
         } else {
-          lcm_sym262__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
+          lcm_sym264__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 106;
@@ -18747,15 +18746,15 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       
       
       current_statement__ = 112;
-      if (lcm_sym262__) {
+      if (lcm_sym264__) {
         int inline_sym41__;
         int inline_sym43__;
         inline_sym43__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym44__ = 1; inline_sym44__ <= 1; ++inline_sym44__) {
-          lcm_sym271__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym273__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          for (int inline_sym42__ = 1; inline_sym42__ <= lcm_sym271__;
+          for (int inline_sym42__ = 1; inline_sym42__ <= lcm_sym273__;
                ++inline_sym42__) {
             current_statement__ = 59;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
@@ -18779,10 +18778,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           int inline_sym43__;
           inline_sym43__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym44__ = 1; inline_sym44__ <= 1; ++inline_sym44__) {
-            lcm_sym270__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym272__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            for (int inline_sym42__ = 1; inline_sym42__ <= lcm_sym270__;
+            for (int inline_sym42__ = 1; inline_sym42__ <= lcm_sym272__;
                  ++inline_sym42__) {
               current_statement__ = 59;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
@@ -18804,25 +18803,25 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 119;
-      if (lcm_sym262__) {
+      if (lcm_sym264__) {
         int inline_sym45__;
         int inline_sym48__;
         inline_sym48__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym49__ = 1; inline_sym49__ <= 1; ++inline_sym49__) {
-          lcm_sym271__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym273__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          lcm_sym268__ = (lcm_sym271__ - 1);
-          for (int inline_sym47__ = 0; inline_sym47__ <= lcm_sym268__;
+          lcm_sym270__ = (lcm_sym273__ - 1);
+          for (int inline_sym47__ = 0; inline_sym47__ <= lcm_sym270__;
                ++inline_sym47__) {
             int inline_sym46__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym267__ = (lcm_sym271__ - inline_sym47__);
-            inline_sym46__ = lcm_sym267__;
+            lcm_sym269__ = (lcm_sym273__ - inline_sym47__);
+            inline_sym46__ = lcm_sym269__;
             current_statement__ = 115;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
-                (lcm_sym267__ - 1)]) {
+                (lcm_sym269__ - 1)]) {
               inline_sym48__ = 1;
-              inline_sym45__ = lcm_sym267__;
+              inline_sym45__ = lcm_sym269__;
               break;
             } 
           }
@@ -18840,20 +18839,20 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           int inline_sym48__;
           inline_sym48__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym49__ = 1; inline_sym49__ <= 1; ++inline_sym49__) {
-            lcm_sym270__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym272__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            lcm_sym266__ = (lcm_sym270__ - 1);
-            for (int inline_sym47__ = 0; inline_sym47__ <= lcm_sym266__;
+            lcm_sym268__ = (lcm_sym272__ - 1);
+            for (int inline_sym47__ = 0; inline_sym47__ <= lcm_sym268__;
                  ++inline_sym47__) {
               int inline_sym46__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym265__ = (lcm_sym270__ - inline_sym47__);
-              inline_sym46__ = lcm_sym265__;
+              lcm_sym267__ = (lcm_sym272__ - inline_sym47__);
+              inline_sym46__ = lcm_sym267__;
               current_statement__ = 115;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
-                  (lcm_sym265__ - 1)]) {
+                  (lcm_sym267__ - 1)]) {
                 inline_sym48__ = 1;
-                inline_sym45__ = lcm_sym265__;
+                inline_sym45__ = lcm_sym267__;
                 break;
               } 
             }
@@ -18883,11 +18882,11 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       epsilon_1dim__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       
-      lcm_sym264__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-      epsilon_1dim__ = lcm_sym264__;
+      lcm_sym266__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+      epsilon_1dim__ = lcm_sym266__;
       current_statement__ = 121;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("epsilon", "n_occasions - 1",
-                                              lcm_sym264__);
+                                              lcm_sym266__);
       current_statement__ = 122;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 123;
@@ -18895,10 +18894,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       
       
       current_statement__ = 123;
-      phi_2dim__ = lcm_sym264__;
+      phi_2dim__ = lcm_sym266__;
       current_statement__ = 123;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "n_occasions - 1",
-                                              lcm_sym264__);
+                                              lcm_sym266__);
       current_statement__ = 124;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("p", "M", M);
       current_statement__ = 125;
@@ -18943,21 +18942,23 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      int lcm_sym263__;
+      int lcm_sym262__;
       int lcm_sym261__;
       int lcm_sym260__;
       int lcm_sym259__;
       int lcm_sym258__;
-      int lcm_sym257__;
       int lcm_sym256__;
-      int lcm_sym254__;
-      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> lcm_sym253__;
-      double lcm_sym252__;
-      double lcm_sym251__;
-      local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym250__;
-      local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym249__;
-      double lcm_sym248__;
+      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> lcm_sym255__;
+      double lcm_sym254__;
+      double lcm_sym253__;
+      local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym252__;
+      local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym251__;
+      double lcm_sym250__;
+      double lcm_sym249__;
+      int lcm_sym248__;
       double lcm_sym247__;
-      int lcm_sym246__;
+      double lcm_sym246__;
       double lcm_sym245__;
       double lcm_sym244__;
       double lcm_sym243__;
@@ -18969,11 +18970,11 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       double lcm_sym237__;
       double lcm_sym236__;
       double lcm_sym235__;
-      double lcm_sym234__;
-      double lcm_sym233__;
+      int lcm_sym234__;
+      int lcm_sym233__;
       int lcm_sym232__;
-      int lcm_sym231__;
-      int lcm_sym230__;
+      double lcm_sym231__;
+      double lcm_sym230__;
       double lcm_sym229__;
       double lcm_sym228__;
       double lcm_sym227__;
@@ -18986,18 +18987,18 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       double lcm_sym220__;
       double lcm_sym219__;
       double lcm_sym218__;
-      double lcm_sym217__;
-      double lcm_sym216__;
+      int lcm_sym217__;
+      int lcm_sym216__;
       int lcm_sym215__;
       int lcm_sym214__;
       int lcm_sym213__;
       int lcm_sym212__;
-      int lcm_sym211__;
-      int lcm_sym210__;
+      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym211__;
+      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym210__;
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym209__;
-      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym208__;
-      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym207__;
-      int lcm_sym255__;
+      int lcm_sym257__;
+      int lcm_sym207__;
+      int lcm_sym206__;
       int lcm_sym205__;
       int lcm_sym204__;
       int lcm_sym203__;
@@ -19007,8 +19008,6 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       int lcm_sym199__;
       int lcm_sym198__;
       int lcm_sym197__;
-      int lcm_sym196__;
-      int lcm_sym195__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_phi;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, 
@@ -19025,15 +19024,15 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> epsilon =
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>::Constant((n_occasions - 1),
            DUMMY_VAR__);
-      lcm_sym255__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+      lcm_sym257__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       epsilon = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
-                  lcm_sym255__);
+                  lcm_sym257__);
       local_scalar_t__ sigma;
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, 5, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> phi =
-         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(M, lcm_sym255__,
+         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(M, lcm_sym257__,
            DUMMY_VAR__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> p =
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(M, n_occasions,
@@ -19042,117 +19041,117 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(M, n_occasions,
            DUMMY_VAR__);
       current_statement__ = 11;
-      if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym255__, 1)) {
-        lcm_sym197__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
-        if (lcm_sym197__) {
-          lcm_sym250__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
+      if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym257__, 1)) {
+        lcm_sym199__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
+        if (lcm_sym199__) {
+          lcm_sym252__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
                            (stan::math::logit(mean_phi) +
                              stan::model::rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon",
                                stan::model::index_uni(1))));
-          stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym250__,
+          stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym252__,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
           for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
             current_statement__ = 9;
-            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym250__,
+            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym252__,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
           }
         } 
-        for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym255__; ++t) {
+        for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym257__; ++t) {
           current_statement__ = 10;
-          if (lcm_sym197__) {
-            lcm_sym249__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
+          if (lcm_sym199__) {
+            lcm_sym251__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
                              (stan::math::logit(mean_phi) +
                                stan::model::rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon",
                                  stan::model::index_uni(t))));
-            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym249__,
+            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym251__,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
             for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
               current_statement__ = 9;
-              stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym249__,
+              stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym251__,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
             }
           } 
         }
       } 
-      stan::model::assign(lcm_sym253__,
+      stan::model::assign(lcm_sym255__,
         stan::math::rep_matrix(mean_p, M, n_occasions),
-        "assigning variable lcm_sym253__");
-      stan::model::assign(p, lcm_sym253__, "assigning variable p");
+        "assigning variable lcm_sym255__");
+      stan::model::assign(p, lcm_sym255__, "assigning variable p");
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym22__;
       int inline_sym30__;
       inline_sym30__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym31__ = 1; inline_sym31__ <= 1; ++inline_sym31__) {
         int inline_sym23__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-        lcm_sym254__ = stan::math::rows(lcm_sym253__);
+        lcm_sym256__ = stan::math::rows(lcm_sym255__);
         int inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-        lcm_sym246__ = stan::math::cols(lcm_sym253__);
+        lcm_sym248__ = stan::math::cols(lcm_sym255__);
         current_statement__ = 14;
-        stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_ind", lcm_sym254__);
+        stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_ind", lcm_sym256__);
         current_statement__ = 15;
         stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions",
-                                                lcm_sym246__);
+                                                lcm_sym248__);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym25__ =
-           Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(lcm_sym254__,
-             lcm_sym246__, DUMMY_VAR__);
-        for (int inline_sym29__ = 1; inline_sym29__ <= lcm_sym254__;
+           Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(lcm_sym256__,
+             lcm_sym248__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        for (int inline_sym29__ = 1; inline_sym29__ <= lcm_sym256__;
              ++inline_sym29__) {
           current_statement__ = 17;
           stan::model::assign(inline_sym25__, 1.0,
             "assigning variable inline_sym25__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                                                   stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym246__));
-          lcm_sym211__ = (lcm_sym246__ - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym211__, 1)) {
+                                                   stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym248__));
+          lcm_sym213__ = (lcm_sym248__ - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym213__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
             int inline_sym27__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym215__ = (lcm_sym211__ + 1);
+            lcm_sym217__ = (lcm_sym213__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
             stan::model::assign(inline_sym25__,
               stan::math::fma(
                 (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                    stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym211__)) *
+                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym213__)) *
                   (1 -
-                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym215__)))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym217__)))),
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym25__, "inline_sym25__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym215__)),
+                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym217__)),
                 (1 -
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym211__)))),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym213__)))),
               "assigning variable inline_sym25__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym211__));
-            for (int inline_sym28__ = 2; inline_sym28__ <= lcm_sym211__;
+                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym213__));
+            for (int inline_sym28__ = 2; inline_sym28__ <= lcm_sym213__;
                  ++inline_sym28__) {
               int inline_sym26__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym210__ = (lcm_sym246__ - inline_sym28__);
+              lcm_sym212__ = (lcm_sym248__ - inline_sym28__);
               int inline_sym27__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym214__ = (lcm_sym210__ + 1);
+              lcm_sym216__ = (lcm_sym212__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
               stan::model::assign(inline_sym25__,
                 stan::math::fma(
                   (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                      stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym210__)) *
+                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym212__)) *
                     (1 -
-                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym214__)))),
+                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym216__)))),
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym25__, "inline_sym25__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym214__)),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym216__)),
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym210__)))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym212__)))),
                 "assigning variable inline_sym25__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym29__),
-                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym210__));
+                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym212__));
             }
           } 
           if (inline_sym30__) {
@@ -19173,9 +19172,9 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 6;
       stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi", phi, 1);
       current_statement__ = 7;
-      stan::math::check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p", lcm_sym253__, 0);
+      stan::math::check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p", lcm_sym255__, 0);
       current_statement__ = 7;
-      stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "p", lcm_sym253__, 1);
+      stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "p", lcm_sym255__, 1);
       current_statement__ = 8;
       stan::math::check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi", inline_sym22__, 0);
       current_statement__ = 8;
@@ -19186,126 +19185,126 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         int inline_sym39__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
         {
           int inline_sym32__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-          lcm_sym260__ = stan::model::rvalue(stan::math::dims(y), "dims(y)",
+          lcm_sym262__ = stan::model::rvalue(stan::math::dims(y), "dims(y)",
                            stan::model::index_uni(1));
           int inline_sym33__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-          lcm_sym261__ = stan::model::rvalue(stan::math::dims(y), "dims(y)",
+          lcm_sym263__ = stan::model::rvalue(stan::math::dims(y), "dims(y)",
                            stan::model::index_uni(2));
           current_statement__ = 77;
           stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("qgamma", "n_occasions",
-                                                  lcm_sym261__);
+                                                  lcm_sym263__);
           Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> inline_sym34__ =
-             Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>::Constant(lcm_sym261__,
+             Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>::Constant(lcm_sym263__,
                std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-          stan::model::assign(lcm_sym207__, stan::math::subtract(1.0, gamma),
-            "assigning variable lcm_sym207__");
-          lcm_sym204__ = stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym260__, 1);
-          if (lcm_sym204__) {
+          stan::model::assign(lcm_sym209__, stan::math::subtract(1.0, gamma),
+            "assigning variable lcm_sym209__");
+          lcm_sym206__ = stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym262__, 1);
+          if (lcm_sym206__) {
             current_statement__ = 79;
             stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions",
-                                                    lcm_sym261__);
+                                                    lcm_sym263__);
             Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> inline_sym35__ =
-               Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>::Constant(lcm_sym261__,
+               Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>::Constant(lcm_sym263__,
                  std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-            stan::model::assign(lcm_sym209__,
+            stan::model::assign(lcm_sym211__,
               stan::math::subtract(1.0,
                 stan::math::transpose(
-                  stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                  stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1)))),
-              "assigning variable lcm_sym209__");
-            lcm_sym257__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+              "assigning variable lcm_sym211__");
+            lcm_sym259__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            if (lcm_sym257__) {
+            if (lcm_sym259__) {
               current_statement__ = 95;
-              if (stan::math::logical_eq(lcm_sym257__, 1)) {
+              if (stan::math::logical_eq(lcm_sym259__, 1)) {
                 current_statement__ = 93;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                     (stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                        stan::model::index_uni(1)) *
-                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                         stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(1)))));
               } else {
                 current_statement__ = 87;
                 stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]",
-                                                        lcm_sym257__);
+                                                        lcm_sym259__);
                 Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym36__ =
                    Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>::Constant(
-                     lcm_sym257__, DUMMY_VAR__);
-                lcm_sym213__ = (lcm_sym257__ - 1);
+                     lcm_sym259__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                lcm_sym215__ = (lcm_sym259__ - 1);
                 stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                   (((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                        stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                          stan::model::index_uni(1))) +
                       stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                         stan::math::prod(
-                          stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__, "lcm_sym209__",
-                            stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym213__))))) +
+                          stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym211__, "lcm_sym211__",
+                            stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym215__))))) +
                      stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                        stan::math::prod(
                          stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                            stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                             stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym213__)))))
+                             stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym215__)))))
                     +
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                         stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym257__)))),
+                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym259__)))),
                   "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(1));
-                if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym213__, 2)) {
+                if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym215__, 2)) {
                   current_statement__ = 89;
                   stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                     ((((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                           stan::math::prod(
-                            stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__, "lcm_sym207__",
+                            stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__, "lcm_sym209__",
                               stan::model::index_min_max(1, 1)))) +
                          stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                            stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                              stan::model::index_uni(2)))) +
                         stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                           stan::math::prod(
-                            stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__, "lcm_sym209__",
-                              stan::model::index_min_max(2, lcm_sym213__)))))
+                            stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym211__, "lcm_sym211__",
+                              stan::model::index_min_max(2, lcm_sym215__)))))
                        +
                        stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                          stan::math::prod(
                            stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                               stan::model::index_min_max(2, lcm_sym213__)))))
+                               stan::model::index_min_max(2, lcm_sym215__)))))
                       +
                       stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                           stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                            stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym257__)))),
+                            stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym259__)))),
                     "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(2));
                   for (int inline_sym37__ = 3;
-                       inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym213__; ++inline_sym37__) {
+                       inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym215__; ++inline_sym37__) {
                     current_statement__ = 89;
                     stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                       ((((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                             stan::math::prod(
-                              stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__,
-                                "lcm_sym207__",
+                              stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__,
+                                "lcm_sym209__",
                                 stan::model::index_min_max(1, (inline_sym37__
                                                                 - 1))))) +
                            stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                              gamma[(inline_sym37__ - 1)])) +
                           stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                             stan::math::prod(
-                              stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__,
-                                "lcm_sym209__",
-                                stan::model::index_min_max(inline_sym37__, lcm_sym213__)))))
+                              stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym211__,
+                                "lcm_sym211__",
+                                stan::model::index_min_max(inline_sym37__, lcm_sym215__)))))
                          +
                          stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                            stan::math::prod(
                              stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                 stan::model::index_min_max(inline_sym37__, lcm_sym213__)))))
+                                 stan::model::index_min_max(inline_sym37__, lcm_sym215__)))))
                         +
                         stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                          stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                          stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                             stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                              stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym257__)))),
+                              stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym259__)))),
                       "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym37__));
                   }
                 } 
@@ -19313,38 +19312,38 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                   ((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                       stan::math::prod(
-                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__, "lcm_sym207__",
-                          stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym213__)))) +
+                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__, "lcm_sym209__",
+                          stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym215__)))) +
                      stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                       gamma[(lcm_sym257__ - 1)])) +
+                       gamma[(lcm_sym259__ - 1)])) +
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                         stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym257__)))),
-                  "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym257__));
+                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym259__)))),
+                  "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym259__));
                 current_statement__ = 91;
                 lp_accum__.add(stan::math::log_sum_exp(inline_sym36__));
               }
-              lcm_sym259__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
+              lcm_sym261__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
                                stan::model::index_uni(1));
-              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym259__, (lcm_sym257__ + 1))) {
+              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym261__, (lcm_sym259__ + 1))) {
                 current_statement__ = 96;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(((lcm_sym257__ + 1) - 1)))));
-                lcm_sym231__ = ((lcm_sym257__ + 1) + 1);
+                        stan::model::index_uni(((lcm_sym259__ + 1) - 1)))));
+                lcm_sym233__ = ((lcm_sym259__ + 1) + 1);
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                       stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym257__ + 1))),
-                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym259__ + 1))),
+                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                       stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym257__ + 1)))));
-                for (int inline_sym37__ = lcm_sym231__;
-                     inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym259__; ++inline_sym37__) {
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym259__ + 1)))));
+                for (int inline_sym37__ = lcm_sym233__;
+                     inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym261__; ++inline_sym37__) {
                   current_statement__ = 96;
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -19357,7 +19356,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                       stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                         stan::model::index_uni(1),
                           stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym37__)),
-                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                         stan::model::index_uni(1),
                           stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym37__))));
                 }
@@ -19367,59 +19366,59 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym22__, "inline_sym22__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym259__))));
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym261__))));
             } else {
-              lcm_sym232__ = (lcm_sym261__ + 1);
+              lcm_sym234__ = (lcm_sym263__ + 1);
               stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("lp",
                                                       "n_occasions + 1",
-                                                      lcm_sym232__);
+                                                      lcm_sym234__);
               Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym36__ =
                  Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>::Constant(
-                   lcm_sym232__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                   lcm_sym234__, DUMMY_VAR__);
               current_statement__ = 82;
               stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                 ((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                     stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                       stan::model::index_uni(1))) +
                    stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(0,
-                     stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                     stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                        stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(1))))
                   +
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                     stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym22__, "inline_sym22__",
                       stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(1)))),
                 "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(1));
-              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym261__, 2)) {
+              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym263__, 2)) {
                 current_statement__ = 83;
                 stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                   (((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                        stan::math::prod(
-                         stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__, "lcm_sym207__",
+                         stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__, "lcm_sym209__",
                            stan::model::index_min_max(1, 1)))) +
                       stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                         stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                           stan::model::index_uni(2)))) +
                      stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(0,
-                       stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                       stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                          stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(2))))
                     +
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                       stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym22__, "inline_sym22__",
                         stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(2)))),
                   "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(2));
-                for (int inline_sym37__ = 3; inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym261__;
+                for (int inline_sym37__ = 3; inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym263__;
                      ++inline_sym37__) {
                   current_statement__ = 83;
                   stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                     (((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                          stan::math::prod(
-                           stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__, "lcm_sym207__",
+                           stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__, "lcm_sym209__",
                              stan::model::index_min_max(1, (inline_sym37__ -
                                                              1))))) +
                         stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                           gamma[(inline_sym37__ - 1)])) +
                        stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(0,
-                         stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                         stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                            stan::model::index_uni(1),
                              stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym37__)))) +
                       stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
@@ -19432,121 +19431,121 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
               current_statement__ = 84;
               stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                  stan::math::prod(lcm_sym207__)),
-                "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym232__));
+                  stan::math::prod(lcm_sym209__)),
+                "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym234__));
               current_statement__ = 85;
               lp_accum__.add(stan::math::log_sum_exp(inline_sym36__));
             }
-            for (int inline_sym38__ = 2; inline_sym38__ <= lcm_sym260__;
+            for (int inline_sym38__ = 2; inline_sym38__ <= lcm_sym262__;
                  ++inline_sym38__) {
               current_statement__ = 79;
               stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("qp", "n_occasions",
-                                                      lcm_sym261__);
+                                                      lcm_sym263__);
               Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> inline_sym35__ =
-                 Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>::Constant(lcm_sym261__,
+                 Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>::Constant(lcm_sym263__,
                    std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-              stan::model::assign(lcm_sym208__,
+              stan::model::assign(lcm_sym210__,
                 stan::math::subtract(1.0,
                   stan::math::transpose(
-                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__)))),
-                "assigning variable lcm_sym208__");
-              lcm_sym256__ = first[(inline_sym38__ - 1)];
-              if (lcm_sym256__) {
+                "assigning variable lcm_sym210__");
+              lcm_sym258__ = first[(inline_sym38__ - 1)];
+              if (lcm_sym258__) {
                 current_statement__ = 95;
-                if (stan::math::logical_eq(lcm_sym256__, 1)) {
+                if (stan::math::logical_eq(lcm_sym258__, 1)) {
                   current_statement__ = 93;
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                       (stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                          stan::model::index_uni(1)) *
-                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                           stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
                             stan::model::index_uni(1)))));
                 } else {
                   current_statement__ = 87;
                   stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("lp", "first[i]",
-                                                          lcm_sym256__);
+                                                          lcm_sym258__);
                   Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym36__ =
                      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>::Constant(
-                       lcm_sym256__, DUMMY_VAR__);
-                  lcm_sym212__ = (lcm_sym256__ - 1);
+                       lcm_sym258__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                  lcm_sym214__ = (lcm_sym258__ - 1);
                   stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                     (((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                          stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                            stan::model::index_uni(1))) +
                         stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                           stan::math::prod(
-                            stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym208__, "lcm_sym208__",
-                              stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym212__)))))
+                            stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym210__, "lcm_sym210__",
+                              stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym214__)))))
                        +
                        stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                          stan::math::prod(
                            stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                              stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                               stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym212__)))))
+                               stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym214__)))))
                       +
                       stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                           stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                            stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym256__)))),
+                            stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym258__)))),
                     "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(1));
-                  if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym212__, 2)) {
+                  if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym214__, 2)) {
                     current_statement__ = 89;
                     stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                       ((((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                             stan::math::prod(
-                              stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__,
-                                "lcm_sym207__",
+                              stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__,
+                                "lcm_sym209__",
                                 stan::model::index_min_max(1, 1)))) +
                            stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                              stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                                stan::model::index_uni(2)))) +
                           stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                             stan::math::prod(
-                              stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym208__,
-                                "lcm_sym208__",
-                                stan::model::index_min_max(2, lcm_sym212__)))))
+                              stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym210__,
+                                "lcm_sym210__",
+                                stan::model::index_min_max(2, lcm_sym214__)))))
                          +
                          stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                            stan::math::prod(
                              stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                                 stan::model::index_min_max(2, lcm_sym212__)))))
+                                 stan::model::index_min_max(2, lcm_sym214__)))))
                         +
                         stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                          stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                          stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                             stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                              stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym256__)))),
+                              stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym258__)))),
                       "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(2));
                     for (int inline_sym37__ = 3;
-                         inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym212__; ++inline_sym37__) {
+                         inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym214__; ++inline_sym37__) {
                       current_statement__ = 89;
                       stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                         ((((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                               stan::math::prod(
-                                stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__,
-                                  "lcm_sym207__",
+                                stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__,
+                                  "lcm_sym209__",
                                   stan::model::index_min_max(1, (inline_sym37__
                                                                   - 1))))) +
                              stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                                gamma[(inline_sym37__ - 1)])) +
                             stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                               stan::math::prod(
-                                stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym208__,
-                                  "lcm_sym208__",
-                                  stan::model::index_min_max(inline_sym37__, lcm_sym212__)))))
+                                stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym210__,
+                                  "lcm_sym210__",
+                                  stan::model::index_min_max(inline_sym37__, lcm_sym214__)))))
                            +
                            stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                              stan::math::prod(
                                stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                  stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                                   stan::model::index_min_max(inline_sym37__, lcm_sym212__)))))
+                                   stan::model::index_min_max(inline_sym37__, lcm_sym214__)))))
                           +
                           stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                            stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                            stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                               stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                                stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym256__)))),
+                                stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym258__)))),
                         "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym37__));
                     }
                   } 
@@ -19554,37 +19553,37 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                   stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                     ((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                         stan::math::prod(
-                          stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__, "lcm_sym207__",
-                            stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym212__)))) +
+                          stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__, "lcm_sym209__",
+                            stan::model::index_min_max(1, lcm_sym214__)))) +
                        stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                         gamma[(lcm_sym256__ - 1)])) +
+                         gamma[(lcm_sym258__ - 1)])) +
                       stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                           stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                            stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym256__)))),
-                    "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym256__));
+                            stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym258__)))),
+                    "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym258__));
                   current_statement__ = 91;
                   lp_accum__.add(stan::math::log_sum_exp(inline_sym36__));
                 }
-                lcm_sym258__ = last[(inline_sym38__ - 1)];
-                if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym258__, (lcm_sym256__ + 1))) {
+                lcm_sym260__ = last[(inline_sym38__ - 1)];
+                if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym260__, (lcm_sym258__ + 1))) {
                   current_statement__ = 96;
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                       stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                          stan::model::index_uni(((lcm_sym256__ + 1) - 1)))));
-                  lcm_sym230__ = ((lcm_sym256__ + 1) + 1);
+                          stan::model::index_uni(((lcm_sym258__ + 1) - 1)))));
+                  lcm_sym232__ = ((lcm_sym258__ + 1) + 1);
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                       stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym256__ + 1))),
-                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym258__ + 1))),
+                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym256__ + 1)))));
-                  for (int inline_sym37__ = lcm_sym230__;
-                       inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym258__; ++inline_sym37__) {
+                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym258__ + 1)))));
+                  for (int inline_sym37__ = lcm_sym232__;
+                       inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym260__; ++inline_sym37__) {
                     current_statement__ = 96;
                     lp_accum__.add(
                       stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -19595,7 +19594,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                     lp_accum__.add(
                       stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                         y[(inline_sym38__ - 1)][(inline_sym37__ - 1)],
-                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                        stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                           stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
                             stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym37__))));
                   }
@@ -19605,22 +19604,22 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                     stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym22__, "inline_sym22__",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym258__))));
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym260__))));
               } else {
-                lcm_sym232__ = (lcm_sym261__ + 1);
+                lcm_sym234__ = (lcm_sym263__ + 1);
                 stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("lp",
                                                         "n_occasions + 1",
-                                                        lcm_sym232__);
+                                                        lcm_sym234__);
                 Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym36__ =
                    Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>::Constant(
-                     lcm_sym232__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+                     lcm_sym234__, DUMMY_VAR__);
                 current_statement__ = 82;
                 stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                   ((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                       stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                         stan::model::index_uni(1))) +
                      stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(0,
-                       stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                       stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                          stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
                            stan::model::index_uni(1)))) +
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
@@ -19628,18 +19627,18 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
                           stan::model::index_uni(1)))),
                   "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(1));
-                if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym261__, 2)) {
+                if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym263__, 2)) {
                   current_statement__ = 83;
                   stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                     (((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                          stan::math::prod(
-                           stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__, "lcm_sym207__",
+                           stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__, "lcm_sym209__",
                              stan::model::index_min_max(1, 1)))) +
                         stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                           stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                             stan::model::index_uni(2)))) +
                        stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(0,
-                         stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                         stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                            stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
                              stan::model::index_uni(2)))) +
                       stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
@@ -19648,19 +19647,19 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                             stan::model::index_uni(2)))),
                     "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(2));
                   for (int inline_sym37__ = 3;
-                       inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym261__; ++inline_sym37__) {
+                       inline_sym37__ <= lcm_sym263__; ++inline_sym37__) {
                     current_statement__ = 83;
                     stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                       (((stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                            stan::math::prod(
-                             stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym207__,
-                               "lcm_sym207__",
+                             stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym209__,
+                               "lcm_sym209__",
                                stan::model::index_min_max(1, (inline_sym37__
                                                                - 1))))) +
                           stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
                             gamma[(inline_sym37__ - 1)])) +
                          stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(0,
-                           stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym253__, "lcm_sym253__",
+                           stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym255__, "lcm_sym255__",
                              stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym38__),
                                stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym37__)))) +
                         stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
@@ -19674,8 +19673,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 current_statement__ = 84;
                 stan::model::assign(inline_sym36__,
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<false>(1,
-                    stan::math::prod(lcm_sym207__)),
-                  "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym232__));
+                    stan::math::prod(lcm_sym209__)),
+                  "assigning variable inline_sym36__", stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym234__));
                 current_statement__ = 85;
                 lp_accum__.add(stan::math::log_sum_exp(inline_sym36__));
               }
@@ -19715,63 +19714,64 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym196__;
+      int lcm_sym195__;
       int lcm_sym194__;
       int lcm_sym193__;
       int lcm_sym192__;
       int lcm_sym191__;
       int lcm_sym190__;
-      int lcm_sym189__;
-      double lcm_sym162__;
+      double lcm_sym163__;
+      int lcm_sym188__;
       int lcm_sym187__;
       int lcm_sym186__;
       int lcm_sym185__;
       int lcm_sym184__;
       int lcm_sym183__;
-      int lcm_sym182__;
-      double lcm_sym181__;
-      int lcm_sym180__;
-      double lcm_sym179__;
+      double lcm_sym182__;
+      int lcm_sym181__;
+      double lcm_sym180__;
+      int lcm_sym179__;
       int lcm_sym178__;
       int lcm_sym177__;
       int lcm_sym176__;
-      int lcm_sym175__;
-      Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> lcm_sym174__;
-      std::vector<std::vector<int>> lcm_sym173__;
+      Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> lcm_sym175__;
+      std::vector<std::vector<int>> lcm_sym174__;
+      local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym173__;
       local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym172__;
-      local_scalar_t__ lcm_sym171__;
+      double lcm_sym171__;
       double lcm_sym170__;
       double lcm_sym169__;
       double lcm_sym168__;
       double lcm_sym167__;
       double lcm_sym166__;
-      double lcm_sym165__;
-      Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> lcm_sym164__;
-      int lcm_sym163__;
+      Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> lcm_sym165__;
+      int lcm_sym164__;
+      int lcm_sym158__;
       int lcm_sym157__;
       int lcm_sym156__;
       int lcm_sym155__;
-      int lcm_sym154__;
+      double lcm_sym154__;
       double lcm_sym153__;
       double lcm_sym152__;
       int lcm_sym151__;
       int lcm_sym150__;
       double lcm_sym149__;
-      double lcm_sym148__;
+      int lcm_sym148__;
       int lcm_sym147__;
       int lcm_sym146__;
       int lcm_sym145__;
       int lcm_sym144__;
       int lcm_sym143__;
-      int lcm_sym142__;
-      int lcm_sym188__;
+      int lcm_sym189__;
+      int lcm_sym141__;
       int lcm_sym140__;
       int lcm_sym139__;
       int lcm_sym138__;
       int lcm_sym137__;
       int lcm_sym136__;
       int lcm_sym135__;
-      int lcm_sym134__;
-      Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> lcm_sym133__;
+      Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> lcm_sym134__;
       double mean_phi;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, 
@@ -19788,15 +19788,15 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1> epsilon =
          Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, 1>::Constant((n_occasions - 1),
            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
-      lcm_sym188__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+      lcm_sym189__ = (n_occasions - 1);
       epsilon = in__.template read<Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>>(
-                  lcm_sym188__);
+                  lcm_sym189__);
       double sigma;
       current_statement__ = 5;
       sigma = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, jacobian__>(
                 0, 5, lp__);
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> phi =
-         Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>::Constant(M, lcm_sym188__,
+         Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>::Constant(M, lcm_sym189__,
            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> p =
          Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1>::Constant(M, n_occasions,
@@ -19815,37 +19815,37 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         return ;
       } 
       current_statement__ = 11;
-      if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym188__, 1)) {
+      if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym189__, 1)) {
         {
-          lcm_sym134__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
-          if (lcm_sym134__) {
-            lcm_sym172__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
+          lcm_sym135__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
+          if (lcm_sym135__) {
+            lcm_sym173__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
                              (stan::math::logit(mean_phi) +
                                stan::model::rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon",
                                  stan::model::index_uni(1))));
-            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym172__,
+            stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym173__,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
             for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
               current_statement__ = 9;
-              stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym172__,
+              stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym173__,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(1));
             }
           } 
-          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym188__; ++t) {
+          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym189__; ++t) {
             current_statement__ = 10;
-            if (lcm_sym134__) {
-              lcm_sym171__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
+            if (lcm_sym135__) {
+              lcm_sym172__ = stan::math::inv_logit(
                                (stan::math::logit(mean_phi) +
                                  stan::model::rvalue(epsilon, "epsilon",
                                    stan::model::index_uni(t))));
-              stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym171__,
+              stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym172__,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
               for (int i = 2; i <= M; ++i) {
                 current_statement__ = 9;
-                stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym171__,
+                stan::model::assign(phi, lcm_sym172__,
                   "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                               stan::model::index_uni(t));
               }
@@ -19853,47 +19853,47 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           }
         }
       } else {
-        lcm_sym134__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
+        lcm_sym135__ = stan::math::logical_gte(M, 1);
       }
-      stan::model::assign(lcm_sym174__,
+      stan::model::assign(lcm_sym175__,
         stan::math::rep_matrix(mean_p, M, n_occasions),
-        "assigning variable lcm_sym174__");
-      stan::model::assign(p, lcm_sym174__, "assigning variable p");
+        "assigning variable lcm_sym175__");
+      stan::model::assign(p, lcm_sym175__, "assigning variable p");
       Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1> inline_sym1__;
       int inline_sym9__;
       inline_sym9__ = 0;
       for (int inline_sym10__ = 1; inline_sym10__ <= 1; ++inline_sym10__) {
         int inline_sym2__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-        lcm_sym176__ = stan::math::rows(lcm_sym174__);
+        lcm_sym177__ = stan::math::rows(lcm_sym175__);
         int inline_sym3__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-        lcm_sym163__ = stan::math::cols(lcm_sym174__);
+        lcm_sym164__ = stan::math::cols(lcm_sym175__);
         current_statement__ = 14;
-        stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_ind", lcm_sym176__);
+        stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_ind", lcm_sym177__);
         current_statement__ = 15;
         stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "n_occasions",
-                                                lcm_sym163__);
+                                                lcm_sym164__);
         Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> inline_sym4__ =
-           Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(lcm_sym176__,
-             lcm_sym163__, DUMMY_VAR__);
-        for (int inline_sym8__ = 1; inline_sym8__ <= lcm_sym176__;
+           Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(lcm_sym177__,
+             lcm_sym164__, DUMMY_VAR__);
+        for (int inline_sym8__ = 1; inline_sym8__ <= lcm_sym177__;
              ++inline_sym8__) {
           current_statement__ = 17;
           stan::model::assign(inline_sym4__, 1.0,
             "assigning variable inline_sym4__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym8__),
-                                                  stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym163__));
-          lcm_sym145__ = (lcm_sym163__ - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym145__, 1)) {
+                                                  stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym164__));
+          lcm_sym146__ = (lcm_sym164__ - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym146__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
             int inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym151__ = (lcm_sym145__ + 1);
+            lcm_sym151__ = (lcm_sym146__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 20;
             stan::model::assign(inline_sym4__,
               stan::math::fma(
                 (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                    stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym8__),
-                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym145__)) *
+                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym146__)) *
                   (1 -
-                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym174__, "lcm_sym174__",
+                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym175__, "lcm_sym175__",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym8__),
                         stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym151__)))),
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym4__, "inline_sym4__",
@@ -19902,23 +19902,23 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                 (1 -
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym8__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym145__)))),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym146__)))),
               "assigning variable inline_sym4__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym8__),
-                                                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym145__));
-            for (int inline_sym7__ = 2; inline_sym7__ <= lcm_sym145__;
+                                                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym146__));
+            for (int inline_sym7__ = 2; inline_sym7__ <= lcm_sym146__;
                  ++inline_sym7__) {
               int inline_sym5__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym144__ = (lcm_sym163__ - inline_sym7__);
+              lcm_sym145__ = (lcm_sym164__ - inline_sym7__);
               int inline_sym6__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym150__ = (lcm_sym144__ + 1);
+              lcm_sym150__ = (lcm_sym145__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 20;
               stan::model::assign(inline_sym4__,
                 stan::math::fma(
                   (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                      stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym8__),
-                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym144__)) *
+                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym145__)) *
                     (1 -
-                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym174__, "lcm_sym174__",
+                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym175__, "lcm_sym175__",
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym8__),
                           stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym150__)))),
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym4__, "inline_sym4__",
@@ -19927,9 +19927,9 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym8__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym144__)))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym145__)))),
                 "assigning variable inline_sym4__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym8__),
-                                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym144__));
+                                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym145__));
             }
           } 
           if (inline_sym9__) {
@@ -19950,16 +19950,16 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       current_statement__ = 6;
       stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "phi", phi, 1);
       current_statement__ = 7;
-      stan::math::check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p", lcm_sym174__, 0);
+      stan::math::check_greater_or_equal(function__, "p", lcm_sym175__, 0);
       current_statement__ = 7;
-      stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "p", lcm_sym174__, 1);
+      stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "p", lcm_sym175__, 1);
       current_statement__ = 8;
       stan::math::check_greater_or_equal(function__, "chi", inline_sym1__, 0);
       current_statement__ = 8;
       stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi", inline_sym1__, 1);
       if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
         out__.write(phi);
-        out__.write(lcm_sym174__);
+        out__.write(lcm_sym175__);
         out__.write(inline_sym1__);
       } 
       if (stan::math::logical_negation(emit_generated_quantities__)) {
@@ -19979,31 +19979,31 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
          std::vector<std::vector<int>>(M, 
            std::vector<int>(n_occasions, std::numeric_limits<int>::min()));
       current_statement__ = 39;
-      if (lcm_sym134__) {
+      if (lcm_sym135__) {
         int q = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
         double mu2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
-        lcm_sym162__ = stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
+        lcm_sym163__ = stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                          stan::model::index_uni(1));
         stan::model::assign(z,
-          stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym162__, base_rng__),
+          stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym163__, base_rng__),
           "assigning variable z", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                     stan::model::index_uni(1));
-        lcm_sym136__ = stan::math::logical_gte(n_occasions, 2);
-        if (lcm_sym136__) {
-          lcm_sym192__ = stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
+        lcm_sym137__ = stan::math::logical_gte(n_occasions, 2);
+        if (lcm_sym137__) {
+          lcm_sym193__ = stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
                            stan::model::index_uni(1),
                              stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          lcm_sym157__ = (1 * (1 - lcm_sym192__));
-          q = lcm_sym157__;
-          lcm_sym169__ = stan::math::fma(
+          lcm_sym158__ = (1 * (1 - lcm_sym193__));
+          q = lcm_sym158__;
+          lcm_sym170__ = stan::math::fma(
                            stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                               stan::model::index_uni(1)), lcm_sym192__,
+                               stan::model::index_uni(1)), lcm_sym193__,
                            (stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
-                              stan::model::index_uni(2)) * lcm_sym157__));
+                              stan::model::index_uni(2)) * lcm_sym158__));
           current_statement__ = 33;
           stan::model::assign(z,
-            stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym169__, base_rng__),
+            stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym170__, base_rng__),
             "assigning variable z", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(2));
           for (int t = 3; t <= n_occasions; ++t) {
@@ -20013,7 +20013,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                     stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
                       stan::model::index_uni(1),
                         stan::model::index_uni((t - 1)))));
-            lcm_sym170__ = stan::math::fma(
+            lcm_sym171__ = stan::math::fma(
                              stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                  stan::model::index_uni((t - 1))),
@@ -20024,7 +20024,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                 stan::model::index_uni(t)) * q));
             current_statement__ = 33;
             stan::model::assign(z,
-              stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym170__, base_rng__),
+              stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym171__, base_rng__),
               "assigning variable z", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(t));
           }
@@ -20034,18 +20034,18 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           double mu2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
           current_statement__ = 36;
           stan::model::assign(z,
-            stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym162__, base_rng__),
+            stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym163__, base_rng__),
             "assigning variable z", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(1));
           current_statement__ = 37;
-          if (lcm_sym136__) {
-            lcm_sym156__ = (1 *
+          if (lcm_sym137__) {
+            lcm_sym157__ = (1 *
                              (1 -
                                stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
                                  stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                    stan::model::index_uni(1))));
-            q = lcm_sym156__;
-            lcm_sym167__ = stan::math::fma(
+            q = lcm_sym157__;
+            lcm_sym168__ = stan::math::fma(
                              stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                  stan::model::index_uni(1)),
@@ -20053,10 +20053,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                  stan::model::index_uni(1)),
                              (stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
-                                stan::model::index_uni(2)) * lcm_sym156__));
+                                stan::model::index_uni(2)) * lcm_sym157__));
             current_statement__ = 33;
             stan::model::assign(z,
-              stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym167__, base_rng__),
+              stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym168__, base_rng__),
               "assigning variable z", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(2));
             for (int t = 3; t <= n_occasions; ++t) {
@@ -20066,7 +20066,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                       stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
                         stan::model::index_uni(i),
                           stan::model::index_uni((t - 1)))));
-              lcm_sym168__ = stan::math::fma(
+              lcm_sym169__ = stan::math::fma(
                                stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                                  stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                    stan::model::index_uni((t - 1))),
@@ -20077,7 +20077,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
                                   stan::model::index_uni(t)) * q));
               current_statement__ = 33;
               stan::model::assign(z,
-                stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym168__, base_rng__),
+                stan::math::bernoulli_rng(lcm_sym169__, base_rng__),
                 "assigning variable z", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
             }
@@ -20096,23 +20096,23 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         inline_sym16__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym17__ = 1; inline_sym17__ <= 1; ++inline_sym17__) {
           int inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-          lcm_sym175__ = stan::math::rows(gamma);
+          lcm_sym176__ = stan::math::rows(gamma);
           current_statement__ = 43;
           stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("log_cprob", "N",
-                                                  lcm_sym175__);
+                                                  lcm_sym176__);
           Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> inline_sym13__ =
-             Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>::Constant(lcm_sym175__,
+             Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>::Constant(lcm_sym176__,
                DUMMY_VAR__);
           local_scalar_t__ inline_sym14__ = DUMMY_VAR__;
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym175__, 1)) {
-            lcm_sym162__ = stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym176__, 1)) {
+            lcm_sym163__ = stan::model::rvalue(gamma, "gamma",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1));
             stan::model::assign(inline_sym13__,
-              (stan::math::log(lcm_sym162__) + 0),
+              (stan::math::log(lcm_sym163__) + 0),
               "assigning variable inline_sym13__", stan::model::index_uni(1));
             current_statement__ = 46;
-            inline_sym14__ = (0 + stan::math::log1m(lcm_sym162__));
-            for (int inline_sym15__ = 2; inline_sym15__ <= lcm_sym175__;
+            inline_sym14__ = (0 + stan::math::log1m(lcm_sym163__));
+            for (int inline_sym15__ = 2; inline_sym15__ <= lcm_sym176__;
                  ++inline_sym15__) {
               current_statement__ = 47;
               stan::model::assign(inline_sym13__,
@@ -20152,25 +20152,25 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("Nalive", "M", M);
         std::vector<int> Nalive =
            std::vector<int>(M, std::numeric_limits<int>::min());
-        lcm_sym179__ = stan::math::square(sigma);
-        sigma2 = lcm_sym179__;
-        lcm_sym181__ = stan::math::sum(inline_sym11__);
-        psi = lcm_sym181__;
-        stan::model::assign(lcm_sym133__,
-          stan::math::divide(inline_sym11__, lcm_sym181__),
-          "assigning variable lcm_sym133__");
-        stan::model::assign(b, lcm_sym133__, "assigning variable b");
+        lcm_sym180__ = stan::math::square(sigma);
+        sigma2 = lcm_sym180__;
+        lcm_sym182__ = stan::math::sum(inline_sym11__);
+        psi = lcm_sym182__;
+        stan::model::assign(lcm_sym134__,
+          stan::math::divide(inline_sym11__, lcm_sym182__),
+          "assigning variable lcm_sym134__");
+        stan::model::assign(b, lcm_sym134__, "assigning variable b");
         current_statement__ = 64;
-        if (lcm_sym134__) {
+        if (lcm_sym135__) {
           int f = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
           int inline_sym18__;
           int inline_sym20__;
           inline_sym20__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym21__ = 1; inline_sym21__ <= 1; ++inline_sym21__) {
-            lcm_sym178__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym179__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
                                stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-            for (int inline_sym19__ = 1; inline_sym19__ <= lcm_sym178__;
+            for (int inline_sym19__ = 1; inline_sym19__ <= lcm_sym179__;
                  ++inline_sym19__) {
               current_statement__ = 59;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
@@ -20202,10 +20202,10 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             inline_sym20__ = 0;
             for (int inline_sym21__ = 1; inline_sym21__ <= 1;
                  ++inline_sym21__) {
-              lcm_sym177__ = stan::math::size(
+              lcm_sym178__ = stan::math::size(
                                stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
                                  stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-              for (int inline_sym19__ = 1; inline_sym19__ <= lcm_sym177__;
+              for (int inline_sym19__ = 1; inline_sym19__ <= lcm_sym178__;
                    ++inline_sym19__) {
                 current_statement__ = 59;
                 if (stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
@@ -20232,8 +20232,8 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
             } 
           }
         } 
-        lcm_sym135__ = stan::math::logical_gte(n_occasions, 1);
-        if (lcm_sym135__) {
+        lcm_sym136__ = stan::math::logical_gte(n_occasions, 1);
+        if (lcm_sym136__) {
           current_statement__ = 65;
           stan::model::assign(N,
             stan::math::sum(
@@ -20262,7 +20262,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           }
         } 
         current_statement__ = 71;
-        if (lcm_sym134__) {
+        if (lcm_sym135__) {
           current_statement__ = 68;
           stan::model::assign(Nind,
             stan::math::sum(
@@ -20292,14 +20292,14 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
         current_statement__ = 72;
         Nsuper = stan::math::sum(Nalive);
       }
-      out__.write(lcm_sym179__);
-      out__.write(lcm_sym181__);
-      out__.write(lcm_sym133__);
+      out__.write(lcm_sym180__);
+      out__.write(lcm_sym182__);
+      out__.write(lcm_sym134__);
       out__.write(Nsuper);
       out__.write(N);
       out__.write(B);
-      if (lcm_sym135__) {
-        if (lcm_sym134__) {
+      if (lcm_sym136__) {
+        if (lcm_sym135__) {
           out__.write(
             stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
               stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(1)));
@@ -20310,7 +20310,7 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
           }
         } 
         for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
-          if (lcm_sym134__) {
+          if (lcm_sym135__) {
             out__.write(
               stan::model::rvalue(z, "z",
                 stan::model::index_uni(1), stan::model::index_uni(sym1__)));
@@ -20338,9 +20338,9 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     local_scalar_t__ DUMMY_VAR__(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
     
     try {
-      int lcm_sym132__;
+      int lcm_sym133__;
+      int lcm_sym131__;
       int lcm_sym130__;
-      int lcm_sym129__;
       int pos__;
       pos__ = 1;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_phi;
@@ -20364,11 +20364,11 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> epsilon =
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>::Constant((n_occasions - 1),
            DUMMY_VAR__);
-      lcm_sym132__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-      if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym132__, 1)) {
+      lcm_sym133__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+      if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym133__, 1)) {
         stan::model::assign(epsilon, in__.read<local_scalar_t__>(),
           "assigning variable epsilon", stan::model::index_uni(1));
-        for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym132__; ++sym1__) {
+        for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= lcm_sym133__; ++sym1__) {
           stan::model::assign(epsilon, in__.read<local_scalar_t__>(),
             "assigning variable epsilon", stan::model::index_uni(sym1__));
         }
@@ -20421,41 +20421,41 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_phi");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
-    for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+    for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gamma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gamma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
       } 
     }
-    for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= epsilon_1dim__; ++sym278__) {
+    for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= epsilon_1dim__; ++sym280__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
       } 
     }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= phi_2dim__; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= phi_2dim__; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          for (int sym279__ = 1; sym279__ <= M; ++sym279__) {
+          for (int sym281__ = 1; sym281__ <= M; ++sym281__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym279__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym281__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          for (int sym279__ = 1; sym279__ <= M; ++sym279__) {
+          for (int sym281__ = 1; sym281__ <= M; ++sym281__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym279__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym281__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          for (int sym279__ = 1; sym279__ <= M; ++sym279__) {
+          for (int sym281__ = 1; sym281__ <= M; ++sym281__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym279__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym281__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -20465,27 +20465,27 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma2");
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "psi");
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
         } 
       }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "Nsuper");
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "N" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "N" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "B" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "B" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          for (int sym279__ = 1; sym279__ <= M; ++sym279__) {
+          for (int sym281__ = 1; sym281__ <= M; ++sym281__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym279__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym281__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -20502,41 +20502,41 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_phi");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
-    for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+    for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gamma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "gamma" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
       } 
     }
-    for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= epsilon_1dim__; ++sym278__) {
+    for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= epsilon_1dim__; ++sym280__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "epsilon" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
       } 
     }
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= phi_2dim__; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= phi_2dim__; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          for (int sym279__ = 1; sym279__ <= M; ++sym279__) {
+          for (int sym281__ = 1; sym281__ <= M; ++sym281__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym279__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym281__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          for (int sym279__ = 1; sym279__ <= M; ++sym279__) {
+          for (int sym281__ = 1; sym281__ <= M; ++sym281__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym279__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym281__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          for (int sym279__ = 1; sym279__ <= M; ++sym279__) {
+          for (int sym281__ = 1; sym281__ <= M; ++sym281__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym279__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym281__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -20546,27 +20546,27 @@ class inlining_fail2_model final : public model_base_crtp<inlining_fail2_model>
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "sigma2");
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "psi");
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "b" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
         } 
       }
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "Nsuper");
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "N" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "N" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "B" + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "B" + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym278__ = 1; sym278__ <= n_occasions; ++sym278__) {
+      for (int sym280__ = 1; sym280__ <= n_occasions; ++sym280__) {
         {
-          for (int sym279__ = 1; sym279__ <= M; ++sym279__) {
+          for (int sym281__ = 1; sym281__ <= M; ++sym281__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym279__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym278__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym281__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym280__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -20731,6 +20731,7 @@ static constexpr std::array<const char*, 7> locations_array__ =
 class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model> {
 
  private:
+  double lcm_sym4__;
   double lcm_sym3__;
   int j;
   double z;
@@ -20762,6 +20763,7 @@ class lcm_experiment_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_experiment_model>
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       
+      
       int pos__;
       pos__ = 1;
       current_statement__ = 1;
@@ -21784,8 +21786,8 @@ static constexpr std::array<const char*, 65> locations_array__ =
  " (in 'lcm-fails2.stan', line 70, column 2 to column 52)",
  " (in 'lcm-fails2.stan', line 71, column 2 to column 50)",
  " (in 'lcm-fails2.stan', line 72, column 2 to column 50)",
- " (in 'lcm-fails2.stan', line 77, column 6 to column 20)",
  " (in 'lcm-fails2.stan', line 78, column 6 to column 18)",
+ " (in 'lcm-fails2.stan', line 77, column 6 to column 20)",
  " (in 'lcm-fails2.stan', line 76, column 34 to line 79, column 5)",
  " (in 'lcm-fails2.stan', line 81, column 6 to column 27)",
  " (in 'lcm-fails2.stan', line 82, column 6 to column 23)",
@@ -22124,6 +22126,8 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
  class lcm_fails2_model final : public model_base_crtp<lcm_fails2_model> {
 
  private:
+  int lcm_sym119__;
+  int lcm_sym118__;
   int lcm_sym117__;
   int lcm_sym116__;
   int lcm_sym115__;
@@ -22138,8 +22142,6 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
   int lcm_sym106__;
   int lcm_sym105__;
   int lcm_sym104__;
-  int lcm_sym103__;
-  int lcm_sym102__;
   int nind;
   int n_occasions;
   std::vector<std::vector<int>> y;
@@ -22232,8 +22234,8 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
         current_statement__ = 36;
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(n_occasions, 1)) {
           {
-            lcm_sym103__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
-            if (lcm_sym103__) {
+            lcm_sym105__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+            if (lcm_sym105__) {
               current_statement__ = 36;
               stan::model::assign(y,
                 stan::model::rvalue(y_flat__, "y_flat__",
@@ -22253,7 +22255,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= n_occasions; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 36;
-              if (lcm_sym103__) {
+              if (lcm_sym105__) {
                 current_statement__ = 36;
                 stan::model::assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", stan::model::index_uni(1),
@@ -22272,7 +22274,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
             }
           }
         } else {
-          lcm_sym103__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+          lcm_sym105__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 36;
@@ -22283,8 +22285,8 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       n_occ_minus_1 = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
       
       
-      lcm_sym104__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-      n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym104__;
+      lcm_sym106__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+      n_occ_minus_1 = lcm_sym106__;
       current_statement__ = 38;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("first", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 39;
@@ -22298,15 +22300,15 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       
       
       current_statement__ = 46;
-      if (lcm_sym103__) {
+      if (lcm_sym105__) {
         int inline_sym17__;
         int inline_sym19__;
         inline_sym19__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
-          lcm_sym111__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym113__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym111__;
+          for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym113__;
                ++inline_sym18__) {
             current_statement__ = 43;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
@@ -22330,10 +22332,10 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           int inline_sym19__;
           inline_sym19__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym20__ = 1; inline_sym20__ <= 1; ++inline_sym20__) {
-            lcm_sym110__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym112__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym110__;
+            for (int inline_sym18__ = 1; inline_sym18__ <= lcm_sym112__;
                  ++inline_sym18__) {
               current_statement__ = 43;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
@@ -22355,25 +22357,25 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
         }
       } 
       current_statement__ = 53;
-      if (lcm_sym103__) {
+      if (lcm_sym105__) {
         int inline_sym21__;
         int inline_sym24__;
         inline_sym24__ = 0;
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-          lcm_sym111__ = stan::math::size(
+          lcm_sym113__ = stan::math::size(
                            stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1)));
-          lcm_sym108__ = (lcm_sym111__ - 1);
-          for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym108__;
+          lcm_sym110__ = (lcm_sym113__ - 1);
+          for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym110__;
                ++inline_sym23__) {
             int inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym107__ = (lcm_sym111__ - inline_sym23__);
-            inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym107__;
+            lcm_sym109__ = (lcm_sym113__ - inline_sym23__);
+            inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym109__;
             current_statement__ = 49;
             if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1))[
-                (lcm_sym107__ - 1)]) {
+                (lcm_sym109__ - 1)]) {
               inline_sym24__ = 1;
-              inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym107__;
+              inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym109__;
               break;
             } 
           }
@@ -22391,20 +22393,20 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           int inline_sym24__;
           inline_sym24__ = 0;
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-            lcm_sym110__ = stan::math::size(
+            lcm_sym112__ = stan::math::size(
                              stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i)));
-            lcm_sym106__ = (lcm_sym110__ - 1);
-            for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym106__;
+            lcm_sym108__ = (lcm_sym112__ - 1);
+            for (int inline_sym23__ = 0; inline_sym23__ <= lcm_sym108__;
                  ++inline_sym23__) {
               int inline_sym22__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym105__ = (lcm_sym110__ - inline_sym23__);
-              inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym105__;
+              lcm_sym107__ = (lcm_sym112__ - inline_sym23__);
+              inline_sym22__ = lcm_sym107__;
               current_statement__ = 49;
               if (stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i))[
-                  (lcm_sym105__ - 1)]) {
+                  (lcm_sym107__ - 1)]) {
                 inline_sym24__ = 1;
-                inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym105__;
+                inline_sym21__ = lcm_sym107__;
                 break;
               } 
             }
@@ -22431,12 +22433,12 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 55;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("phi", "n_occ_minus_1",
-                                              lcm_sym104__);
+                                              lcm_sym106__);
       current_statement__ = 56;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("p", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 57;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("p", "n_occ_minus_1",
-                                              lcm_sym104__);
+                                              lcm_sym106__);
       current_statement__ = 58;
       stan::math::validate_non_negative_index("chi", "nind", nind);
       current_statement__ = 59;
@@ -22467,10 +22469,12 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym103__;
+      int lcm_sym102__;
       int lcm_sym101__;
       int lcm_sym100__;
       int lcm_sym99__;
-      int lcm_sym98__;
+      double lcm_sym98__;
       double lcm_sym97__;
       double lcm_sym96__;
       double lcm_sym95__;
@@ -22482,7 +22486,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       double lcm_sym89__;
       double lcm_sym88__;
       double lcm_sym87__;
-      double lcm_sym86__;
+      int lcm_sym86__;
       int lcm_sym85__;
       int lcm_sym84__;
       int lcm_sym83__;
@@ -22502,7 +22506,6 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       int lcm_sym69__;
       int lcm_sym68__;
       int lcm_sym67__;
-      int lcm_sym66__;
       local_scalar_t__ mean_phi;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       mean_phi = in__.template read_constrain_lub<local_scalar_t__, 
@@ -22520,42 +22523,41 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> chi =
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(nind, n_occasions,
            DUMMY_VAR__);
-      lcm_sym66__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
-      if (lcm_sym66__) {
-        lcm_sym99__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
-                        stan::model::index_uni(1));
-        lcm_sym79__ = (lcm_sym99__ - 1);
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym79__, 1)) {
-          current_statement__ = 6;
+      lcm_sym67__ = stan::math::logical_gte(nind, 1);
+      if (lcm_sym67__) {
+        lcm_sym100__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
+        lcm_sym80__ = (lcm_sym100__ - 1);
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym80__, 1)) {
           stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          current_statement__ = 7;
+          current_statement__ = 6;
           stan::model::assign(p, 0,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym79__; ++t) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
+          for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym80__; ++t) {
+            current_statement__ = 7;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(t));
           }
         } 
-        lcm_sym77__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym77__, lcm_sym99__)) {
+        lcm_sym78__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+        if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym78__, lcm_sym100__)) {
           current_statement__ = 9;
           stan::model::assign(phi, mean_phi,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym99__));
-          lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym99__ + 1);
+                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym100__));
+          lcm_sym86__ = (lcm_sym100__ + 1);
           stan::model::assign(p, mean_p,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym99__));
-          for (int t = lcm_sym85__; t <= lcm_sym77__; ++t) {
+                                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym100__));
+          for (int t = lcm_sym86__; t <= lcm_sym78__; ++t) {
             current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(phi, mean_phi,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
@@ -22567,40 +22569,39 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           }
         } 
         for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
-          lcm_sym98__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+          lcm_sym99__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                           stan::model::index_uni(i));
-          lcm_sym78__ = (lcm_sym98__ - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym78__, 1)) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
+          lcm_sym79__ = (lcm_sym99__ - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym79__, 1)) {
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym78__; ++t) {
-              current_statement__ = 6;
+            for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym79__; ++t) {
+              current_statement__ = 7;
               stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
-              current_statement__ = 7;
+              current_statement__ = 6;
               stan::model::assign(p, 0,
                 "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
             }
           } 
           current_statement__ = 12;
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym77__, lcm_sym98__)) {
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym78__, lcm_sym99__)) {
             current_statement__ = 9;
             stan::model::assign(phi, mean_phi,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym98__));
-            lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym98__ + 1);
+                                          stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym99__));
+            lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym99__ + 1);
             stan::model::assign(p, mean_p,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym98__));
-            for (int t = lcm_sym84__; t <= lcm_sym77__; ++t) {
+                                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym99__));
+            for (int t = lcm_sym85__; t <= lcm_sym78__; ++t) {
               current_statement__ = 9;
               stan::model::assign(phi, mean_phi,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
@@ -22630,55 +22631,55 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
           stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__, 1.0,
             "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
                                                    stan::model::index_uni(n_occasions));
-          lcm_sym77__ = (n_occasions - 1);
-          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym77__, 1)) {
+          lcm_sym78__ = (n_occasions - 1);
+          if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym78__, 1)) {
             int inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
             int inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-            lcm_sym81__ = (lcm_sym77__ + 1);
+            lcm_sym82__ = (lcm_sym78__ + 1);
             current_statement__ = 21;
             stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__,
               stan::math::fma(
                 (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                    stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym77__)) *
+                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym78__)) *
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym81__ - 1))))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym82__ - 1))))),
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym10__, "inline_sym10__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__)),
+                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym82__)),
                 (1 -
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym77__)))),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym78__)))),
               "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym77__));
-            for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym77__;
+                                                     stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym78__));
+            for (int inline_sym13__ = 2; inline_sym13__ <= lcm_sym78__;
                  ++inline_sym13__) {
               int inline_sym11__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym76__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
+              lcm_sym77__ = (n_occasions - inline_sym13__);
               int inline_sym12__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
-              lcm_sym80__ = (lcm_sym76__ + 1);
+              lcm_sym81__ = (lcm_sym77__ + 1);
               current_statement__ = 21;
               stan::model::assign(inline_sym10__,
                 stan::math::fma(
                   (stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                      stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym76__)) *
+                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym77__)) *
                     (1 -
                       stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                         stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym80__ - 1))))),
+                          stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym81__ - 1))))),
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym10__, "inline_sym10__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym80__)),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym81__)),
                   (1 -
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym76__)))),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym77__)))),
                 "assigning variable inline_sym10__", stan::model::index_uni(inline_sym14__),
-                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym76__));
+                                                       stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym77__));
             }
           } 
           if (inline_sym15__) {
@@ -22708,30 +22709,30 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
       stan::math::check_less_or_equal(function__, "chi", inline_sym9__, 1);
       {
         current_statement__ = 31;
-        if (lcm_sym66__) {
-          lcm_sym99__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
-                          stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym99__, 0)) {
-            lcm_sym101__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
+        if (lcm_sym67__) {
+          lcm_sym100__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
+          if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym100__, 0)) {
+            lcm_sym102__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
                              stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym99__ + 1);
-            if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym101__, lcm_sym85__)) {
+            lcm_sym86__ = (lcm_sym100__ + 1);
+            if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym102__, lcm_sym86__)) {
               current_statement__ = 25;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym85__ - 1)))));
-              lcm_sym83__ = (lcm_sym85__ + 1);
+                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym86__ - 1)))));
+              lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym86__ + 1);
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                   stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym85__)),
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym86__)),
                   stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym85__ - 1)))));
-              for (int t = lcm_sym83__; t <= lcm_sym101__; ++t) {
+                      stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym86__ - 1)))));
+              for (int t = lcm_sym84__; t <= lcm_sym102__; ++t) {
                 current_statement__ = 25;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -22753,32 +22754,32 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
               stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                 stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(1),
-                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym101__))));
+                    stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym102__))));
           } 
           for (int i = 2; i <= nind; ++i) {
-            lcm_sym98__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
+            lcm_sym99__ = stan::model::rvalue(first, "first",
                             stan::model::index_uni(i));
-            if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym98__, 0)) {
-              lcm_sym100__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
+            if (stan::math::logical_gt(lcm_sym99__, 0)) {
+              lcm_sym101__ = stan::model::rvalue(last, "last",
                                stan::model::index_uni(i));
-              lcm_sym84__ = (lcm_sym98__ + 1);
-              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym100__, lcm_sym84__)) {
+              lcm_sym85__ = (lcm_sym99__ + 1);
+              if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym101__, lcm_sym85__)) {
                 current_statement__ = 25;
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                     stan::model::rvalue(phi, "phi",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym84__ - 1)))));
-                lcm_sym82__ = (lcm_sym84__ + 1);
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym85__ - 1)))));
+                lcm_sym83__ = (lcm_sym85__ + 1);
                 lp_accum__.add(
                   stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(
                     stan::model::rvalue(y, "y",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym84__)),
+                        stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym85__)),
                     stan::model::rvalue(p, "p",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym84__ - 1)))));
-                for (int t = lcm_sym82__; t <= lcm_sym100__; ++t) {
+                        stan::model::index_uni((lcm_sym85__ - 1)))));
+                for (int t = lcm_sym83__; t <= lcm_sym101__; ++t) {
                   current_statement__ = 25;
                   lp_accum__.add(
                     stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
@@ -22800,7 +22801,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
                 stan::math::bernoulli_lpmf<propto__>(1,
                   stan::model::rvalue(inline_sym9__, "inline_sym9__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(i),
-                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym100__))));
+                      stan::model::index_uni(lcm_sym101__))));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -22837,6 +22838,7 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym66__;
       int lcm_sym65__;
       int lcm_sym64__;
       double lcm_sym63__;
@@ -22887,20 +22889,19 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
         lcm_sym55__ = (lcm_sym65__ - 1);
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym55__, 1)) {
-          current_statement__ = 6;
           stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
             "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
-          current_statement__ = 7;
+          current_statement__ = 6;
           stan::model::assign(p, 0,
             "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                       stan::model::index_uni(1));
           for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym55__; ++t) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
+            current_statement__ = 7;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(1),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(t));
@@ -22932,20 +22933,19 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
                           stan::model::index_uni(i));
           lcm_sym54__ = (lcm_sym64__ - 1);
           if (stan::math::logical_gte(lcm_sym54__, 1)) {
-            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
               "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(1));
-            current_statement__ = 7;
+            current_statement__ = 6;
             stan::model::assign(p, 0,
               "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                         stan::model::index_uni(1));
             for (int t = 2; t <= lcm_sym54__; ++t) {
-              current_statement__ = 6;
+              current_statement__ = 7;
               stan::model::assign(phi, 0,
                 "assigning variable phi", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                             stan::model::index_uni(t));
-              current_statement__ = 7;
+              current_statement__ = 6;
               stan::model::assign(p, 0,
                 "assigning variable p", stan::model::index_uni(i),
                                           stan::model::index_uni(t));
@@ -23135,29 +23135,29 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_phi");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym118__ = 1; sym118__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym118__) {
+      for (int sym120__ = 1; sym120__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym120__) {
         {
-          for (int sym119__ = 1; sym119__ <= nind; ++sym119__) {
+          for (int sym121__ = 1; sym121__ <= nind; ++sym121__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym119__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym118__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym121__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym120__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym118__ = 1; sym118__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym118__) {
+      for (int sym120__ = 1; sym120__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym120__) {
         {
-          for (int sym119__ = 1; sym119__ <= nind; ++sym119__) {
+          for (int sym121__ = 1; sym121__ <= nind; ++sym121__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym119__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym118__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym121__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym120__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym118__ = 1; sym118__ <= n_occasions; ++sym118__) {
+      for (int sym120__ = 1; sym120__ <= n_occasions; ++sym120__) {
         {
-          for (int sym119__ = 1; sym119__ <= nind; ++sym119__) {
+          for (int sym121__ = 1; sym121__ <= nind; ++sym121__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym119__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym118__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym121__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym120__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -23179,29 +23179,29 @@ last_capture_functor__::operator()(const std::vector<int>& y_i,
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_phi");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "mean_p");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym118__ = 1; sym118__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym118__) {
+      for (int sym120__ = 1; sym120__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym120__) {
         {
-          for (int sym119__ = 1; sym119__ <= nind; ++sym119__) {
+          for (int sym121__ = 1; sym121__ <= nind; ++sym121__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym119__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym118__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym121__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym120__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym118__ = 1; sym118__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym118__) {
+      for (int sym120__ = 1; sym120__ <= n_occ_minus_1; ++sym120__) {
         {
-          for (int sym119__ = 1; sym119__ <= nind; ++sym119__) {
+          for (int sym121__ = 1; sym121__ <= nind; ++sym121__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym119__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym118__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym121__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym120__));
             } 
           }
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym118__ = 1; sym118__ <= n_occasions; ++sym118__) {
+      for (int sym120__ = 1; sym120__ <= n_occasions; ++sym120__) {
         {
-          for (int sym119__ = 1; sym119__ <= nind; ++sym119__) {
+          for (int sym121__ = 1; sym121__ <= nind; ++sym121__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym119__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym118__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "chi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym121__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym120__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -23931,18 +23931,18 @@ static constexpr std::array<const char*, 52> locations_array__ =
 class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
 
  private:
+  int lcm_sym42__;
   int lcm_sym41__;
   int lcm_sym40__;
   int lcm_sym39__;
-  int lcm_sym38__;
+  double lcm_sym38__;
   double lcm_sym37__;
-  double lcm_sym36__;
+  int lcm_sym36__;
   int lcm_sym35__;
   int lcm_sym34__;
   int lcm_sym33__;
   int lcm_sym32__;
   int lcm_sym31__;
-  int lcm_sym30__;
   int R;
   int T;
   std::vector<std::vector<int>> y;
@@ -24030,8 +24030,8 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
         current_statement__ = 35;
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(T, 1)) {
           {
-            lcm_sym30__ = stan::math::logical_gte(R, 1);
-            if (lcm_sym30__) {
+            lcm_sym31__ = stan::math::logical_gte(R, 1);
+            if (lcm_sym31__) {
               current_statement__ = 35;
               stan::model::assign(y,
                 stan::model::rvalue(y_flat__, "y_flat__",
@@ -24051,7 +24051,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
             } 
             for (int sym1__ = 2; sym1__ <= T; ++sym1__) {
               current_statement__ = 35;
-              if (lcm_sym30__) {
+              if (lcm_sym31__) {
                 current_statement__ = 35;
                 stan::model::assign(y, y_flat__[(pos__ - 1)],
                   "assigning variable y", stan::model::index_uni(1),
@@ -24070,7 +24070,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
             }
           }
         } else {
-          lcm_sym30__ = stan::math::logical_gte(R, 1);
+          lcm_sym31__ = stan::math::logical_gte(R, 1);
         }
       }
       current_statement__ = 35;
@@ -24094,7 +24094,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
         current_statement__ = 37;
         pos__ = 1;
         current_statement__ = 37;
-        if (lcm_sym30__) {
+        if (lcm_sym31__) {
           current_statement__ = 37;
           stan::model::assign(X,
             stan::model::rvalue(X_flat__, "X_flat__",
@@ -24124,7 +24124,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
       current_statement__ = 41;
       occ_obs = 0;
       current_statement__ = 46;
-      if (lcm_sym30__) {
+      if (lcm_sym31__) {
         current_statement__ = 42;
         stan::model::assign(sum_y,
           stan::math::sum(
@@ -24191,17 +24191,17 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      int lcm_sym30__;
       int lcm_sym29__;
-      int lcm_sym28__;
-      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> lcm_sym27__;
+      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> lcm_sym28__;
+      double lcm_sym27__;
       double lcm_sym26__;
-      double lcm_sym25__;
-      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym24__;
+      Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1> lcm_sym25__;
+      double lcm_sym24__;
       double lcm_sym23__;
       double lcm_sym22__;
       double lcm_sym21__;
-      double lcm_sym20__;
-      int lcm_sym19__;
+      int lcm_sym20__;
       local_scalar_t__ alpha_occ;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       alpha_occ = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
@@ -24218,15 +24218,15 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, 1>::Constant(R, DUMMY_VAR__);
       Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1> logit_p =
          Eigen::Matrix<local_scalar_t__, -1, -1>::Constant(R, T, DUMMY_VAR__);
-      stan::model::assign(lcm_sym24__,
+      stan::model::assign(lcm_sym25__,
         stan::math::fma(beta_occ, X, alpha_occ),
-        "assigning variable lcm_sym24__");
-      stan::model::assign(logit_psi, lcm_sym24__,
+        "assigning variable lcm_sym25__");
+      stan::model::assign(logit_psi, lcm_sym25__,
         "assigning variable logit_psi");
-      stan::model::assign(lcm_sym27__,
+      stan::model::assign(lcm_sym28__,
         stan::math::rep_matrix(stan::math::fma(beta_p, X, alpha_p), T),
-        "assigning variable lcm_sym27__");
-      stan::model::assign(logit_p, lcm_sym27__, "assigning variable logit_p");
+        "assigning variable lcm_sym28__");
+      stan::model::assign(logit_p, lcm_sym28__, "assigning variable logit_p");
       {
         current_statement__ = 30;
         if (stan::math::logical_gte(R, 1)) {
@@ -24235,26 +24235,26 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
             current_statement__ = 25;
             lp_accum__.add(
               stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<propto__>(1,
-                stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym24__, "lcm_sym24__",
+                stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym25__, "lcm_sym25__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(1))));
             current_statement__ = 26;
             lp_accum__.add(
               stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<propto__>(
                 stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(1)),
-                stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym27__, "lcm_sym27__",
+                stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym28__, "lcm_sym28__",
                   stan::model::index_uni(1))));
           } else {
             current_statement__ = 23;
             lp_accum__.add(
               stan::math::log_sum_exp(
                 (stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<false>(1,
-                   stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym24__, "lcm_sym24__",
+                   stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym25__, "lcm_sym25__",
                      stan::model::index_uni(1))) +
                   stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<false>(0,
-                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym27__, "lcm_sym27__",
+                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym28__, "lcm_sym28__",
                       stan::model::index_uni(1)))),
                 stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<false>(0,
-                  stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym24__, "lcm_sym24__",
+                  stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym25__, "lcm_sym25__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(1)))));
           }
           for (int i = 2; i <= R; ++i) {
@@ -24264,26 +24264,26 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
               current_statement__ = 25;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<propto__>(1,
-                  stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym24__, "lcm_sym24__",
+                  stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym25__, "lcm_sym25__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(i))));
               current_statement__ = 26;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<propto__>(
                   stan::model::rvalue(y, "y", stan::model::index_uni(i)),
-                  stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym27__, "lcm_sym27__",
+                  stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym28__, "lcm_sym28__",
                     stan::model::index_uni(i))));
             } else {
               current_statement__ = 23;
               lp_accum__.add(
                 stan::math::log_sum_exp(
                   (stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<false>(1,
-                     stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym24__, "lcm_sym24__",
+                     stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym25__, "lcm_sym25__",
                        stan::model::index_uni(i))) +
                     stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<false>(0,
-                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym27__, "lcm_sym27__",
+                      stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym28__, "lcm_sym28__",
                         stan::model::index_uni(i)))),
                   stan::math::bernoulli_logit_lpmf<false>(0,
-                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym24__, "lcm_sym24__",
+                    stan::model::rvalue(lcm_sym25__, "lcm_sym25__",
                       stan::model::index_uni(i)))));
             }
           }
@@ -24321,6 +24321,7 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym19__;
       double lcm_sym11__;
       double lcm_sym10__;
       int lcm_sym18__;
@@ -24545,16 +24546,16 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha_p");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta_p");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= R; ++sym42__) {
+      for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= R; ++sym43__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_psi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_psi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__));
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= T; ++sym42__) {
+      for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= T; ++sym43__) {
         {
-          for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= R; ++sym43__) {
+          for (int sym44__ = 1; sym44__ <= R; ++sym44__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym44__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -24563,14 +24564,14 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "occ_fs");
-      for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= R; ++sym42__) {
+      for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= R; ++sym43__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "psi_con" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "psi_con" + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__));
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= R; ++sym42__) {
+      for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= R; ++sym43__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__));
         } 
       }
     }
@@ -24588,16 +24589,16 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "alpha_p");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "beta_p");
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
-      for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= R; ++sym42__) {
+      for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= R; ++sym43__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_psi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_psi" + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__));
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= T; ++sym42__) {
+      for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= T; ++sym43__) {
         {
-          for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= R; ++sym43__) {
+          for (int sym44__ = 1; sym44__ <= R; ++sym44__) {
             {
-              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
+              param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "logit_p" + '.' + std::to_string(sym44__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__));
             } 
           }
         } 
@@ -24606,14 +24607,14 @@ class off_dce_model final : public model_base_crtp<off_dce_model> {
     
     if (emit_generated_quantities__) {
       param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "occ_fs");
-      for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= R; ++sym42__) {
+      for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= R; ++sym43__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "psi_con" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "psi_con" + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__));
         } 
       }
-      for (int sym42__ = 1; sym42__ <= R; ++sym42__) {
+      for (int sym43__ = 1; sym43__ <= R; ++sym43__) {
         {
-          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym42__));
+          param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "z" + '.' + std::to_string(sym43__));
         } 
       }
     }
@@ -25589,7 +25590,7 @@ using namespace stan::math;
 
 
 stan::math::profile_map profiles__;
-static constexpr std::array<const char*, 93> locations_array__ = 
+static constexpr std::array<const char*, 91> locations_array__ = 
 {" (found before start of program)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 20, column 4 to column 15)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 21, column 4 to column 13)",
@@ -25626,13 +25627,11 @@ static constexpr std::array<const char*, 93> locations_array__ =
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 55, column 8 to column 20)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 52, column 21 to line 56, column 5)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 52, column 4 to line 56, column 5)",
- " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 57, column 4 to column 10)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 58, column 4 to column 16)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 60, column 6 to column 12)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 59, column 4 to line 60, column 12)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 61, column 4 to column 16)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 64, column 4 to column 16)",
- " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 65, column 4 to column 16)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 66, column 4 to column 16)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 68, column 6 to column 19)",
  " (in 'optimizations.stan', line 69, column 4 to column 16)",
@@ -25740,10 +25739,10 @@ int rfun(const int& y, std::ostream* pstream__) {
       {
         current_statement__ = 11;
         if (stan::math::logical_gt(y, 2)) {
-          current_statement__ = 90;
+          current_statement__ = 88;
           return (y + 24);
         } 
-        current_statement__ = 91;
+        current_statement__ = 89;
         return (y + 2);
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -25758,9 +25757,9 @@ template <bool propto__, typename T_lp__, typename T_lp_accum__> int
     (void) DUMMY_VAR__;  // suppress unused var warning
     try {
       {
-        current_statement__ = 61;
+        current_statement__ = 59;
         lp_accum__.add(2);
-        current_statement__ = 92;
+        current_statement__ = 90;
         return 24;
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -25847,6 +25846,16 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym66__;
+      double lcm_sym65__;
+      double lcm_sym64__;
+      double lcm_sym63__;
+      double lcm_sym62__;
+      double lcm_sym61__;
+      double lcm_sym60__;
+      double lcm_sym59__;
+      double lcm_sym58__;
+      double lcm_sym57__;
       double lcm_sym56__;
       int lcm_sym55__;
       int lcm_sym54__;
@@ -26221,73 +26230,71 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
           current_statement__ = 33;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
         }
-        current_statement__ = 36;
         x = 3;
-        current_statement__ = 37;
+        current_statement__ = 36;
         lp_accum__.add(3);
-        current_statement__ = 39;
+        current_statement__ = 38;
         if (stan::math::logical_gt(theta, 2)) {
-          current_statement__ = 38;
+          current_statement__ = 37;
           x = 2;
         } 
-        current_statement__ = 40;
+        current_statement__ = 39;
         lp_accum__.add(x);
-        current_statement__ = 41;
+        current_statement__ = 40;
         lp_accum__.add(247);
-        current_statement__ = 42;
         x = 576;
-        current_statement__ = 43;
+        current_statement__ = 41;
         lp_accum__.add(576);
         lcm_sym47__ = stan::math::logical_gt(theta, 46);
         if (lcm_sym47__) {
-          current_statement__ = 44;
+          current_statement__ = 42;
           x = 5880;
         } 
-        current_statement__ = 45;
+        current_statement__ = 43;
         lp_accum__.add(x);
         double z;
-        current_statement__ = 47;
+        current_statement__ = 45;
         z = x;
-        current_statement__ = 48;
+        current_statement__ = 46;
         lp_accum__.add(x);
-        current_statement__ = 50;
+        current_statement__ = 48;
         if (lcm_sym47__) {
-          current_statement__ = 49;
+          current_statement__ = 47;
           z = x;
         } 
-        current_statement__ = 51;
+        current_statement__ = 49;
         lp_accum__.add(z);
-        current_statement__ = 52;
+        current_statement__ = 50;
         lp_accum__.add(2);
         {
           double y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
-          current_statement__ = 54;
+          current_statement__ = 52;
           lp_accum__.add(24);
         }
         {
           double y = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
-          current_statement__ = 57;
+          current_statement__ = 55;
           lp_accum__.add(245);
         }
         {
-          current_statement__ = 59;
+          current_statement__ = 57;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
         }
         int inline_sym20__;
         int inline_sym21__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
         for (int inline_sym22__ = 1; inline_sym22__ <= 1; ++inline_sym22__) {
-          current_statement__ = 61;
+          current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
           break;
         }
-        current_statement__ = 63;
+        current_statement__ = 61;
         while (576) {
           break;
         }
         int inline_sym23__;
         int inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
         for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-          current_statement__ = 61;
+          current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
           inline_sym23__ = 24;
           break;
@@ -26298,20 +26305,20 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
           }
           int inline_sym24__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
           for (int inline_sym25__ = 1; inline_sym25__ <= 1; ++inline_sym25__) {
-            current_statement__ = 61;
+            current_statement__ = 59;
             lp_accum__.add(2);
             inline_sym23__ = 24;
             break;
           }
         }
-        current_statement__ = 66;
+        current_statement__ = 64;
         for (int i = 31; i <= 225; ++i) { continue;}
-        current_statement__ = 68;
+        current_statement__ = 66;
         for (int i = 31; i <= 225; ++i) { break;}
         int inline_sym26__;
         int inline_sym27__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
         for (int inline_sym28__ = 1; inline_sym28__ <= 1; ++inline_sym28__) {
-          current_statement__ = 61;
+          current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
           inline_sym26__ = 24;
           break;
@@ -26320,7 +26327,7 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         int inline_sym29__;
         int inline_sym30__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
         for (int inline_sym31__ = 1; inline_sym31__ <= 1; ++inline_sym31__) {
-          current_statement__ = 61;
+          current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
           inline_sym29__ = 24;
           break;
@@ -26329,25 +26336,25 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         int inline_sym32__;
         int inline_sym33__ = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
         for (int inline_sym34__ = 1; inline_sym34__ <= 1; ++inline_sym34__) {
-          current_statement__ = 61;
+          current_statement__ = 59;
           lp_accum__.add(2);
           break;
         }
         {
-          current_statement__ = 71;
+          current_statement__ = 69;
           lp_accum__.add(1);
-          current_statement__ = 72;
+          current_statement__ = 70;
           lp_accum__.add(24);
         }
         {
           {
-            current_statement__ = 74;
+            current_statement__ = 72;
             lp_accum__.add(1);
           }
         }
         double temp = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
         {
-          current_statement__ = 78;
+          current_statement__ = 76;
           if (pstream__) {
             stan::math::stan_print(pstream__, "hello");
             stan::math::stan_print(pstream__, "\n");
@@ -26355,28 +26362,26 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
         }
         double temp2 = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
         {
-          current_statement__ = 81;
           lp_accum__.add(4);
-          current_statement__ = 82;
           lp_accum__.add(6);
           {
-            current_statement__ = 81;
+            current_statement__ = 79;
             lp_accum__.add(4);
-            current_statement__ = 82;
+            current_statement__ = 80;
             lp_accum__.add(6);
           }
         }
         double dataonlyvar;
-        current_statement__ = 84;
+        current_statement__ = 82;
         dataonlyvar = 3;
-        current_statement__ = 85;
+        current_statement__ = 83;
         lp_accum__.add(dataonlyvar);
         local_scalar_t__ paramvar = DUMMY_VAR__;
         {
-          current_statement__ = 87;
+          current_statement__ = 85;
           paramvar = (theta * 34);
         }
-        current_statement__ = 89;
+        current_statement__ = 87;
         lp_accum__.add(paramvar);
       }
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -26575,25 +26580,25 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi");
-    for (int sym57__ = 1; sym57__ <= 2; ++sym57__) {
+    for (int sym67__ = 1; sym67__ <= 2; ++sym67__) {
       {
-        for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= 3; ++sym58__) {
+        for (int sym68__ = 1; sym68__ <= 3; ++sym68__) {
           {
-            param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym57__));
+            param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym68__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym67__));
           } 
         }
       } 
     }
-    for (int sym57__ = 1; sym57__ <= 2; ++sym57__) {
+    for (int sym67__ = 1; sym67__ <= 2; ++sym67__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym57__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym67__));
       } 
     }
-    for (int sym57__ = 1; sym57__ <= 2; ++sym57__) {
+    for (int sym67__ = 1; sym67__ <= 2; ++sym67__) {
       {
-        for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= 2; ++sym58__) {
+        for (int sym68__ = 1; sym68__ <= 2; ++sym68__) {
           {
-            param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_cov" + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym57__));
+            param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_cov" + '.' + std::to_string(sym68__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym67__));
           } 
         }
       } 
@@ -26616,23 +26621,23 @@ class optimizations_model final : public model_base_crtp<optimizations_model> {
     
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "theta");
     param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "phi");
-    for (int sym57__ = 1; sym57__ <= 2; ++sym57__) {
+    for (int sym67__ = 1; sym67__ <= 2; ++sym67__) {
       {
-        for (int sym58__ = 1; sym58__ <= 3; ++sym58__) {
+        for (int sym68__ = 1; sym68__ <= 3; ++sym68__) {
           {
-            param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym58__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym57__));
+            param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_matrix" + '.' + std::to_string(sym68__) + '.' + std::to_string(sym67__));
           } 
         }
       } 
     }
-    for (int sym57__ = 1; sym57__ <= 2; ++sym57__) {
+    for (int sym67__ = 1; sym67__ <= 2; ++sym67__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym57__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_vector" + '.' + std::to_string(sym67__));
       } 
     }
-    for (int sym57__ = 1; sym57__ <= 3; ++sym57__) {
+    for (int sym67__ = 1; sym67__ <= 3; ++sym67__) {
       {
-        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_cov" + '.' + std::to_string(sym57__));
+        param_names__.emplace_back(std::string() + "x_cov" + '.' + std::to_string(sym67__));
       } 
     }
     if (emit_transformed_parameters__) {
@@ -31969,8 +31974,9 @@ class unenforce_initialize_model final : public model_base_crtp<unenforce_initia
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym8__;
+      double lcm_sym7__;
       double lcm_sym6__;
-      double lcm_sym5__;
       local_scalar_t__ y;
       current_statement__ = 1;
       y = in__.template read<local_scalar_t__>();
@@ -31991,7 +31997,6 @@ class unenforce_initialize_model final : public model_base_crtp<unenforce_initia
       }
       double for_loop_var = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
       {
-        current_statement__ = 10;
         for_loop_var = 1;
         {
           current_statement__ = 10;
@@ -32062,6 +32067,7 @@ class unenforce_initialize_model final : public model_base_crtp<unenforce_initia
     (void) function__;  // suppress unused var warning
     
     try {
+      double lcm_sym5__;
       double lcm_sym4__;
       double lcm_sym3__;
       int lcm_sym2__;
@@ -32092,7 +32098,6 @@ class unenforce_initialize_model final : public model_base_crtp<unenforce_initia
         no_init_if = 1.0;
       }
       {
-        current_statement__ = 10;
         for_loop_var = 1;
         {
           current_statement__ = 10;
diff --git a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cppO0.expected b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cppO0.expected
index ae58bf36b9..038d8c18a4 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cppO0.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cppO0.expected
@@ -919,9 +919,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> theta =
            std::vector<local_scalar_t__>(5, DUMMY_VAR__);
         current_statement__ = 6;
-        stan::model::assign(theta, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{beta,
-          stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(kappa), gamma, xi,
-          delta}, "assigning variable theta");
+        stan::model::assign(theta, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{beta, kappa,
+          gamma, xi, delta}, "assigning variable theta");
         current_statement__ = 7;
         stan::model::assign(y,
           stan::math::integrate_ode_rk45(simple_SIR_functor__(), y0, t0, t,
@@ -1029,9 +1028,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
         std::vector<double> theta =
            std::vector<double>(5, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
         current_statement__ = 6;
-        stan::model::assign(theta, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{beta,
-          stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(kappa), gamma, xi,
-          delta}, "assigning variable theta");
+        stan::model::assign(theta, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{beta, kappa,
+          gamma, xi, delta}, "assigning variable theta");
         current_statement__ = 7;
         stan::model::assign(y,
           stan::math::integrate_ode_rk45(simple_SIR_functor__(), y0, t0, t,
diff --git a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cppO1.expected b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cppO1.expected
index 888e8e7dc4..ff936ee6b1 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cppO1.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/compiler-optimizations/cppO1.expected
@@ -910,8 +910,7 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
         std::vector<local_scalar_t__> theta;
         current_statement__ = 6;
         stan::model::assign(theta, std::vector<local_scalar_t__>{beta,
-          stan::math::promote_scalar<local_scalar_t__>(1000000), gamma, xi,
-          delta}, "assigning variable theta");
+          1000000, gamma, xi, delta}, "assigning variable theta");
         current_statement__ = 7;
         stan::model::assign(y,
           stan::math::integrate_ode_rk45(simple_SIR_functor__(), y0, 0, t,
@@ -1018,9 +1017,8 @@ class ad_level_failing_model final : public model_base_crtp<ad_level_failing_mod
       {
         std::vector<double> theta;
         current_statement__ = 6;
-        stan::model::assign(theta, std::vector<double>{beta,
-          stan::math::promote_scalar<double>(1000000), gamma, xi, delta},
-          "assigning variable theta");
+        stan::model::assign(theta, std::vector<double>{beta, 1000000, gamma,
+          xi, delta}, "assigning variable theta");
         current_statement__ = 7;
         stan::model::assign(y,
           stan::math::integrate_ode_rk45(simple_SIR_functor__(), y0, 0, t,
diff --git a/test/integration/good/promotion/array_promotion.stan b/test/integration/good/promotion/array_promotion.stan
index 76f14a78de..8a2a4f20f6 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/promotion/array_promotion.stan
+++ b/test/integration/good/promotion/array_promotion.stan
@@ -16,8 +16,16 @@ data {
    array[N] int xs;
 }
 
+parameters {
+  real r;
+}
+
 transformed parameters {
    array[2,2] real zs = {{2,3},{7,0.5}};
+   array[2] complex z1 = {1,3};
+   array[2] complex z2 = {1,3.5};
+   array[2] complex z3 = {1,3.5i};
+   z3 = {3.5i, r};
 }
 
 model {
diff --git a/test/integration/good/promotion/pretty.expected b/test/integration/good/promotion/pretty.expected
index b10d46aadd..f66ecd218e 100644
--- a/test/integration/good/promotion/pretty.expected
+++ b/test/integration/good/promotion/pretty.expected
@@ -30,8 +30,15 @@ data {
   int N;
   array[N] int xs;
 }
+parameters {
+  real r;
+}
 transformed parameters {
   array[2, 2] real zs = {{2, 3}, {7, 0.5}};
+  array[2] complex z1 = {1, 3};
+  array[2] complex z2 = {1, 3.5};
+  array[2] complex z3 = {1, 3.5i};
+  z3 = {3.5i, r};
 }
 model {
   array[3] int d = {1, 2, 3};
diff --git a/test/unit/Optimize.ml b/test/unit/Optimize.ml
index 356086ddcb..dd38de3ba0 100644
--- a/test/unit/Optimize.ml
+++ b/test/unit/Optimize.ml
@@ -142,7 +142,9 @@ let%expect_test "inline functions" =
           inline_sym1__ = 0;
           for(inline_sym2__ in 1:1) {
             FnPrint__(3);
-            FnPrint__(FnMakeRowVec__(FnMakeRowVec__(3, 2), FnMakeRowVec__(4, 6)));
+            FnPrint__(FnMakeRowVec__(FnMakeRowVec__(promote(3, real),
+                      promote(2, real)), FnMakeRowVec__(promote(4, real),
+                      promote(6, real))));
           }
           real inline_sym3__;
           data int inline_sym4__;
@@ -312,23 +314,51 @@ let%expect_test "list collapsing" =
                          (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
                           (((pattern
                              (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                              (((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                              (((pattern
+                                 (Promotion
+                                  ((pattern (Lit Int 3))
+                                   (meta
+                                    ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                     (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                  UReal DataOnly))
                                 (meta
-                                 ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                               ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                                 ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
+                                  (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                               ((pattern
+                                 (Promotion
+                                  ((pattern (Lit Int 2))
+                                   (meta
+                                    ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                     (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                  UReal DataOnly))
                                 (meta
-                                 ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                                 ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
+                                  (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                             (meta
                              ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>)
                               (adlevel DataOnly))))
                            ((pattern
                              (FunApp (CompilerInternal FnMakeRowVec)
-                              (((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                              (((pattern
+                                 (Promotion
+                                  ((pattern (Lit Int 4))
+                                   (meta
+                                    ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                     (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                  UReal DataOnly))
                                 (meta
-                                 ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
-                               ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                                 ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
+                                  (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                               ((pattern
+                                 (Promotion
+                                  ((pattern (Lit Int 6))
+                                   (meta
+                                    ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>)
+                                     (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                                  UReal DataOnly))
                                 (meta
-                                 ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
+                                 ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>)
+                                  (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
                             (meta
                              ((type_ URowVector) (loc <opaque>)
                               (adlevel DataOnly)))))))
@@ -2980,26 +3010,26 @@ let%expect_test "lazy code motion, 13" =
   [%expect
     {|
       log_prob {
-        data int lcm_sym7__;
-        data int lcm_sym6__;
+        data real lcm_sym7__;
+        data real lcm_sym6__;
         data int lcm_sym5__;
         data int lcm_sym4__;
         data int lcm_sym3__;
         {
           real temp;
           if((2 > 3)) {
-            lcm_sym6__ = (2 * 2);
+            lcm_sym6__ = promote((2 * 2), real);
             temp = lcm_sym6__;
             ;
           } else {
             FnPrint__("hello");
-            lcm_sym6__ = (2 * 2);
+            lcm_sym6__ = promote((2 * 2), real);
             ;
           }
           temp = lcm_sym6__;
           real temp2;
           if((3 >= 2)) {
-            lcm_sym7__ = (2 * 3);
+            lcm_sym7__ = promote((2 * 3), real);
             temp2 = lcm_sym7__;
             target += temp;
             lcm_sym5__ = (2 + 1);
@@ -3227,7 +3257,7 @@ let%expect_test "adlevel_optimization" =
           data real z_data;
           if((1 > 2)) y = (y + x); else y = (y + w);
           if((2 > 1)) z = y;
-          if((3 > 1)) z_data = x;
+          if((3 > 1)) z_data = promote(x, real);
           FnPrint__(z);
           FnPrint__(z_data);
         }
@@ -3243,7 +3273,7 @@ let%expect_test "adlevel_optimization" =
           data real z_data;
           if((1 > 2)) y = (y + x); else y = (y + w);
           if((2 > 1)) z = y;
-          if((3 > 1)) z_data = x;
+          if((3 > 1)) z_data = promote(x, real);
           FnPrint__(z);
           FnPrint__(z_data);
         }
@@ -3365,8 +3395,12 @@ let%expect_test "adlevel_optimization expressions" =
                (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
               ((pattern
                 (Assignment (z_data UReal ())
-                 ((pattern (Var x))
-                  (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
+                 ((pattern
+                   (Promotion
+                    ((pattern (Var x))
+                     (meta ((type_ UInt) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))
+                    UReal DataOnly))
+                  (meta ((type_ UReal) (loc <opaque>) (adlevel DataOnly))))))
                (meta <opaque>))
               ()))
             (meta <opaque>))
@@ -3417,7 +3451,7 @@ let%expect_test "adlevel_optimization 2" =
       log_prob {
         real w;
         data real w_trans;
-        w_trans = 1;
+        w_trans = promote(1, real);
         {
           data int x;
           array[real, 2] y;
@@ -3425,7 +3459,7 @@ let%expect_test "adlevel_optimization 2" =
           data real z_data;
           if((1 > 2)) y[1] = (y[1] + x); else y[2] = (y[2] + w);
           if((2 > 1)) z = y[1];
-          if((3 > 1)) z_data = x;
+          if((3 > 1)) z_data = promote(x, real);
           FnPrint__(z);
           FnPrint__(z_data);
         }
@@ -3435,7 +3469,7 @@ let%expect_test "adlevel_optimization 2" =
         data real w;
         data real w_trans;
         if(PNot__(emit_transformed_parameters__ || emit_generated_quantities__)) return;
-        w_trans = 1;
+        w_trans = promote(1, real);
         {
           data int x;
           data array[real, 2] y;
@@ -3443,7 +3477,7 @@ let%expect_test "adlevel_optimization 2" =
           data real z_data;
           if((1 > 2)) y[1] = (y[1] + x); else y[2] = (y[2] + w);
           if((2 > 1)) z = y[1];
-          if((3 > 1)) z_data = x;
+          if((3 > 1)) z_data = promote(x, real);
           FnPrint__(z);
           FnPrint__(z_data);
         }