differences for PR #1118

Author: actions-user

04-changes.md

@@ -286,8 +286,6 @@ but we haven't told Git we will want to save those changes
 nor have we saved them (which we do with `git commit`).
 So let's do that now. It is good practice to always review
 our changes before saving them. We do this using `git diff`.
-This shows us the differences between the current state
-of the file and the most recently saved version:
 
 ```bash
 $ git diff
@@ -447,12 +445,9 @@ $ git add guacamole.md
 $ git diff
 ```
 
-There is no output:
-as far as Git can tell,
-there's no difference between what it's been asked to save permanently
-and what's currently in the directory.
-However,
-if we do this:
+There is no output. Without any arguments, `git diff` compares the working directory and the staging area. After `git add`, the two versions are identical and there is nothing to show.
+
+However, if we do this:
 
 ```bash
 $ git diff --staged
@@ -473,10 +468,7 @@ index 315bf3a..b36abfd 100644
  ## Instructions
 ```
 
-it shows us the difference between
-the last committed change
-and what's in the staging area.
-Let's save our changes:
+we can see that by adding the `--staged` argument to the command we are now comparing what’s in the staged area to the last committed change.
 
 ```bash
 $ git commit -m "Modify guacamole to the traditional recipe"

05-history.md

@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ exercises: 0
 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
 
 As we saw in the previous episode, we can refer to commits by their
-identifiers.  You can refer to the *most recent commit* of the working
-directory by using the identifier `HEAD`.
+identifiers. Git also provides a special identifier called `HEAD`, which refers to the **most recent commit**.
 
-We've been adding small changes at a time to `guacamole.md`, so it's easy to track our
-progress by looking, so let's do that using our `HEAD`s.  Before we start,
-let's make a change to `guacamole.md`, adding yet another line.
+We can use `HEAD` together with commands we already know to examine our project’s history.
+
+Before we start, let's make a change to `guacamole.md` so we have something
+to compare. We won’t save this change yet.
 
 ```bash
 $ nano guacamole.md
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ index b36abfd..0848c8d 100644
 +An ill-considered change
 ```
 
-Note that `HEAD` is the default option for `git diff`, so omitting it will not change the command's output at all (give it a try). However, the real power of `git diff` lies in its ability to compare with previous commits. For example, by adding `~1` (where "~" is "tilde", pronounced [**til**\-d*uh*]), we can look at the commit before `HEAD`.
+Here we have the difference between the file in our working directory and the most recently committed version. 
+
+We can also refer to earlier commits relative to `HEAD`. For example, by adding `~1` (where "~" is "tilde", pronounced [**til**\-d*uh*]), we can look at the commit before `HEAD`.
 
 ```bash
 $ git diff HEAD~1 guacamole.md

md5sum.txt

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
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 "episodes/02-setup.md" "169455416b0e7425b6e3e4a956104471" "site/built/02-setup.md" "2025-01-25"
 "episodes/03-create.md" "c1198fc3106059d83fd8078d57fbbfef" "site/built/03-create.md" "2024-09-29"
-"episodes/04-changes.md" "46193fb34b94ef6364215c895cf75ddb" "site/built/04-changes.md" "2026-01-20"
-"episodes/05-history.md" "1db0ac027bd51d7d67562d71a60116c8" "site/built/05-history.md" "2025-01-10"
+"episodes/04-changes.md" "ca68b0c695202cc37615b5957cbeda01" "site/built/04-changes.md" "2026-04-10"
+"episodes/05-history.md" "60b0896490a7bb6c6135d897d011bc08" "site/built/05-history.md" "2026-04-10"
 "episodes/06-ignore.md" "6eceffedf94c557d57c9a774dcc0780b" "site/built/06-ignore.md" "2025-12-08"
 "episodes/07-github.md" "0c3825224461906776080bb9d6be191d" "site/built/07-github.md" "2025-12-19"
 "episodes/08-collab.md" "26c15a5971a7caef2daf17c84e72d3c9" "site/built/08-collab.md" "2024-09-29"