diff --git a/packages/@headlessui-react/src/components/menu/menu.test.tsx b/packages/@headlessui-react/src/components/menu/menu.test.tsx
index 14a2d3109..bb68b31a6 100644
--- a/packages/@headlessui-react/src/components/menu/menu.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/@headlessui-react/src/components/menu/menu.test.tsx
@@ -76,6 +76,30 @@ describe('Safe guards', () => {
 
 describe('Rendering', () => {
   describe('Menu', () => {
+    it(
+      'should not crash when Menu renders as a Fragment with multiple children and data attributes from router tooling',
+      suppressConsoleLogs(async () => {
+        render(
+          <Menu data-tsd-source="src/routes/index.tsx:1:1">
+            <Menu.Button>Trigger</Menu.Button>
+            <Menu.Items>
+              <Menu.Item as="a">Item A</Menu.Item>
+              <Menu.Item as="a">Item B</Menu.Item>
+              <Menu.Item as="a">Item C</Menu.Item>
+            </Menu.Items>
+          </Menu>
+        )
+
+        assertMenuButton({ state: MenuState.InvisibleUnmounted })
+        assertMenu({ state: MenuState.InvisibleUnmounted })
+
+        await click(getMenuButton())
+
+        assertMenuButton({ state: MenuState.Visible })
+        assertMenu({ state: MenuState.Visible })
+      })
+    )
+
     it(
       'should be possible to render a Menu using a render prop',
       suppressConsoleLogs(async () => {
diff --git a/packages/@headlessui-react/src/utils/render.test.tsx b/packages/@headlessui-react/src/utils/render.test.tsx
index b6fc15268..4b8c95c98 100644
--- a/packages/@headlessui-react/src/utils/render.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/@headlessui-react/src/utils/render.test.tsx
@@ -244,6 +244,25 @@ describe('Default functionality', () => {
     expect(contents()).toMatchSnapshot()
   })
 
+  it('should forward data attributes to multiple children when rendering a Fragment', () => {
+    testRender(
+      <Dummy as={Fragment} data-tsd-source="src/routes/index.tsx:1:1">
+        <span key="a" data-testid="child-a">
+          Contents A
+        </span>
+        <span key="b" data-testid="child-b" data-tsd-source="child-owned">
+          Contents B
+        </span>
+      </Dummy>
+    )
+
+    expect(getByTestId(document.body, 'child-a')).toHaveAttribute(
+      'data-tsd-source',
+      'src/routes/index.tsx:1:1'
+    )
+    expect(getByTestId(document.body, 'child-b')).toHaveAttribute('data-tsd-source', 'child-owned')
+  })
+
   it(
     'should error when we are applying props to a Fragment when we do not have a dedicated element',
     suppressConsoleLogs(() => {
diff --git a/packages/@headlessui-react/src/utils/render.ts b/packages/@headlessui-react/src/utils/render.ts
index dfb47687d..817b30df6 100644
--- a/packages/@headlessui-react/src/utils/render.ts
+++ b/packages/@headlessui-react/src/utils/render.ts
@@ -182,20 +182,47 @@ function _render<TTag extends ElementType, TSlot>(
   }
 
   if (isFragment(Component)) {
-    if (Object.keys(compact(rest)).length > 0 || Object.keys(compact(dataAttributes)).length > 0) {
+    let passthroughProps = compact(rest)
+    let passthroughDataAttributes = mergeDataAttributeProps(
+      compact(dataAttributes),
+      pickDataAttributes(passthroughProps)
+    )
+    let passthroughNonDataProps = omit(
+      passthroughProps,
+      Object.keys(pickDataAttributes(passthroughProps))
+    )
+
+    if (Object.keys(passthroughDataAttributes).length > 0) {
+      let childrenWithDataAttributes = cloneChildrenWithDataAttributes(
+        resolvedChildren,
+        passthroughDataAttributes
+      )
+
+      if (
+        childrenWithDataAttributes !== null &&
+        Object.keys(passthroughNonDataProps).length === 0
+      ) {
+        return childrenWithDataAttributes
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (
+      Object.keys(passthroughProps).length > 0 ||
+      Object.keys(compact(dataAttributes)).length > 0
+    ) {
       if (
         !isValidElement(resolvedChildren) ||
         (Array.isArray(resolvedChildren) && resolvedChildren.length > 1) ||
         isFragmentInstance(resolvedChildren)
       ) {
-        if (Object.keys(compact(rest)).length > 0) {
+        if (Object.keys(passthroughProps).length > 0) {
           throw new Error(
             [
               'Passing props on "Fragment"!',
               '',
               `The current component <${name} /> is rendering a "Fragment".`,
               `However we need to passthrough the following props:`,
-              Object.keys(compact(rest))
+              Object.keys(passthroughProps)
                 .concat(Object.keys(compact(dataAttributes)))
                 .map((line) => `  - ${line}`)
                 .join('\n'),
@@ -462,6 +489,62 @@ function omit<T extends Record<any, any>>(object: T, keysToOmit: string[] = [])
   return clone
 }
 
+function pickDataAttributes<T extends Record<string, any>>(object: T) {
+  return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(object).filter(([key]) => key.startsWith('data-')))
+}
+
+function mergeDataAttributeProps<T extends Record<string, any>, U extends Record<string, any>>(
+  primaryDataAttributes: T,
+  secondaryDataAttributes: U
+) {
+  return Object.assign({}, primaryDataAttributes, secondaryDataAttributes)
+}
+
+function cloneChildrenWithDataAttributes(
+  children: ReactElement | ReactElement[],
+  dataAttributes: Record<string, any>
+): ReactElement | ReactElement[] | null {
+  if (Array.isArray(children)) {
+    let clonedChildren = children.map((child) =>
+      cloneChildWithDataAttributes(child, dataAttributes)
+    )
+
+    return clonedChildren.every((child) => child !== null)
+      ? (clonedChildren as ReactElement[])
+      : null
+  }
+
+  return cloneChildWithDataAttributes(children, dataAttributes)
+}
+
+function cloneChildWithDataAttributes(
+  child: ReactElement,
+  dataAttributes: Record<string, any>
+): ReactElement | null {
+  if (!isValidElement(child)) return null
+
+  if (isFragmentInstance(child)) {
+    let clonedChildren = React.Children.map(child.props.children, (nestedChild) => {
+      if (!isValidElement(nestedChild)) return null
+
+      return cloneChildWithDataAttributes(nestedChild, dataAttributes)
+    })
+
+    if (clonedChildren?.some((nestedChild) => nestedChild === null)) return null
+
+    return cloneElement(child, undefined, clonedChildren)
+  }
+
+  let childDataAttributes = {}
+
+  for (let key in dataAttributes) {
+    if (key in child.props) continue
+    childDataAttributes[key] = dataAttributes[key]
+  }
+
+  return cloneElement(child, childDataAttributes)
+}
+
 function getElementRef(element: React.ReactElement) {
   // @ts-expect-error
   return React.version.split('.')[0] >= '19' ? element.props.ref : element.ref