test: ztest: Add math basic trigonometry unit tests converted from CMock #21308

Job	Run time
LP64-WIP	4m 18s
build-windows (tgl tgl-h)	8m 37s
build-windows (imx8 imx8x imx8m imx8ulp)	9m 51s
build-linux (mnfst, mtl lnl)	5m 40s
build-linux (zmain, imx8 imx8x imx8m imx8ulp)	6m 30s
build-windows (mtl lnl)	10m 9s
build-windows (ptl)	8m 25s
build-linux (mnfst, ptl)	4m 34s
build-linux (mnfst, imx8 imx8x imx8m imx8ulp)	6m 45s
build-windows (-d, lnl)	8m 32s
build-linux (zmain, ptl)	4m 27s
build-linux (mnfst, tgl tgl-h)	5m 55s
build-linux (mnfst, --all)	16m 45s
build-linux (zmain, tgl tgl-h)	5m 59s
build-linux (zmain, mtl lnl)	5m 56s
build-linux (-d, mnfst, lnl)	4m 19s
manifest-check	58s
compare-linux-win	2m 11s
	1h 59m 51s

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