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To deal with more complicated circuits and difficult meshs, take a look [to this chapter](#Deal_with_too_close_mesh_lines_Stub_filter_example).
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To deal with more complicated circuits and difficult meshes, take a look [to this chapter](#Deal_with_too_close_mesh_lines_Stub_filter_example).
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### Run the simulation <aname="Run_the_simulation"></a>
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octave lpf.m
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```
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You can also chose the ports you want to excite during the simulation. By default the first port is the only one activated. Keep in mind that two things :
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You can also choose the ports you want to excite during the simulation. By default, the first port is the only one activated. Keep in mind that two things :
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- In the case of a two-ports circuit like this filter, if only the port 1 is activated, only S11 and S21 will be calculated.
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- Activating multiple ports will cause the results to be totally wrong in most of the case. Be careful.
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octave lpf.m --only-postprocess --f 1.8e9
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```
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You can also watch extremums of a S parameter `--f-min s11` or watch the frequency at which a S parameter match (approach) a value in dB `--f-equal s21 -10`. All these arguments are cumulable.
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You can also watch extremums of an S parameter `--f-min s11` or watch the frequency at which an S parameter match (approach) a value in dB `--f-equal s21 -10`. All these arguments are cumulative.
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### NF2FF basics <aname="NF2FF_basics"></a>
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```
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CalcNF2FF: Reading nf2ff data only...
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error: data mismatch between read and requested data --> recalculate nf2ff --> Set Mode to 1
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error: data mismatch between read and requested data --> recalculate nf2ff --> Set Mode to 1
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```
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It is because the already present NF2FF datas from previous computation does not correspond with the new options. So you have to force a new far field computation `--nf2ff-force`.
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It is because the already present NF2FF data from previous computation does not correspond with the new options. So you have to force a new far field computation `--nf2ff-force`.
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---
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@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ To understand the results, keep in mind this schematic and that the angles grow
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### NF2FF center <aname="NF2FF_center"></a>
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OpenEMS documentation say that the far field center should be placed at the center of the radiating element. By default it is placed at the simulation box center. This placement is good in a CEM context or while designing a device like a filter. But if you design an antenna, be careful with it.
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OpenEMS documentation say that the far field center should be placed at the center of the radiating element. By default, it is placed at the simulation box center. This placement is good in a CEM context or while designing a device like a filter. But if you design an antenna, be careful with it.
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You can use the center of any component as the far field center by rerunning qucsrflayout. For example if you want to use the microstrip line `MS2` of this filter as NF2FF center, just do :
You can enable 3D far field representation with `--nf2ff-3d`. It will represent it for each watched frequency.
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You can also create an animated representation (`.gif`) of the far field evoluting through the frequency range with a unique color scale a unique size scale. You just have to specify how many frames you want between the start frequency and the end frequency. The delay between each frame is 30ms but you can change it, for example reduce it if you have many frames :
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You can also create an animated representation (`.gif`) of the far field evolving through the frequency range with a unique color scale a unique size scale. You just have to specify how many frames you want between the start frequency and the end frequency. The delay between each frame is 30ms but you can change it, for example reduce it if you have many frames :
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When exporting to a layout tool such as KiCad PcbNew, there is no substrate considerations so there is no problem if a block is compounded of elements using none or multiple different `SUBST` elements.
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But in OpenEMS that would be a nonsense, so all elements of a block have to be assossiated to the same one `SUBST` element.
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But in OpenEMS that would be a nonsense, so all elements of a block have to be associated to the same one `SUBST` element.
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---
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Qucs schematics used in this tutorial does not contain just a circuit simulation, those are whole comparaison dashboards.
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Qucs schematics used in this tutorial does not contain just a circuit simulation, those are whole comparison dashboards.
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The following errors come from the `P3`, `P4`, `P5` and `P6``Pac` components forming four individual blocks without being assosiated with any `SUBST` component (The `Pac` component does not have a `substrate` field).
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The following errors come from the `P3`, `P4`, `P5` and `P6``Pac` components forming four individual blocks without being associated with any `SUBST` component (The `Pac` component does not have a `substrate` field).
- Too large mesh resolution. No difficulty, just try some different divisors. But be careful, to solve the second problem, you will have to edit the script so do it manually, not to overwrite the script with `qucsrflayout --oems-*res-div`. `100` looks good to understand from which edge each line comes.
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- Some really close parallel edges produce really close mesh lines that conflict during the smoothmesh generation. To solve this problem, you will have to manually remove some mesh lines and eventually add some. It is painful but not so much and not so much errorprone.
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- Some really close parallel edges produce really close mesh lines that conflict during the smoothmesh generation. To solve this problem, you will have to manually remove some mesh lines and eventually add some. It is painful but not so much and not so much error-prone.
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---
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- The central stub `MS9` is slightly longer than it two adjacent stubs `MS7` and `MS8`. To fix the extremity horizontal lines problem, it looks safer to remove `MS9` lines :
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- The central stub `MS9` is slightly longer than it two adjacent stubs `MS7` and `MS8`. To fix the extremity horizontal lines' problem, it looks safer to remove `MS9` lines :
- Complicated part beacause of the `MS3` and `MS4` thin stubs. First let's remove the vertical lines of the `MS12` and `MS16` tees. Then a possibility is to reduce a little the mesh resolution to center the inner stubs vertical mesh lines. `110` instead of `100` looks good.
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- Complicated part because of the `MS3` and `MS4` thin stubs. First let's remove the vertical lines of the `MS12` and `MS16` tees. Then a possibility is to reduce a little the mesh resolution to center the inner stubs vertical mesh lines. `110` instead of `100` looks good.
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```matlab
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mesh.x = [mesh.x, ...
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---
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Now it's time to reenable smoothmesh and see the result :
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Now it's time to re-enable smoothmesh and see the result :
This mesh is not perfect, some edges does not respect the thirds rule and the smoothmesh is not totally symetric. But it is correct and enough to get good results. However you can try to modify the mesh resolution divisor 1 by 1 expecting a better smoothmesh but the results will be probably quite similar. For example `112` looks a little better than `110`.
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This mesh is not perfect, some edges does not respect the thirds rule and the smoothmesh is not totally symmetric. But it is correct and enough to get good results. However, you can try to modify the mesh resolution divisor 1 by 1 expecting a better smoothmesh, but the results will be probably quite similar. For example `112` looks a little better than `110`.
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---
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```sh
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octave stub.m
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```
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Here are the results comparaison Qucs / OpenEMS / Measure :
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Here are the results' comparison Qucs / OpenEMS / Measure :
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