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Open enums B (with per-enum-case methods)#652

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Open enums B (with per-enum-case methods)#652
eliotmoss wants to merge 58 commits into
titzer:masterfrom
eliotmoss:open_enums3b

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Open enums with subtypes and methods, including methods on individual enum cases

eliotmoss and others added 30 commits April 27, 2026 23:17
Remove the ability for individual enum cases to have method bodies
(e.g., `A { def m() -> int { return 1; } }`). Enum types and subtypes
retain methods; only per-case dispatch is removed.

Removes: VstCaseMember.members, VstMethod.enumCaseIrs,
parseEnumCaseMembers, addEnumCaseOverrides, layoutEnumMtable,
normEnumVirtualCall, getEnumVirtual, checkEnumCaseMembers,
findEnumCaseOverride, findEnumSubtypeOverride, and related code.

Subtype-level method overrides (e.g., enum E.More overriding E.m)
are parsed but dispatch is not yet implemented — that requires
Step 2 (RaClass-based dispatch for enum types).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Implement virtual dispatch for enum subtype method overrides. When an enum
subtype like `enum E.More` overrides a method declared on root `enum E`,
calls through an E-typed variable now dispatch to the correct override
based on the enum value's tag.

Key changes:
- Ir.v3: Post-pass (markEnumSubtypeOverrides) sets M_OVERRIDDEN on root
  enum methods when subtypes declare overrides. Runs after verification
  so IrClasses exist and VstMethod indices are stable.
- Reachability.v3: Enum RaClasses eagerly populate rc.subtypes via
  addEnumSubtypesRecursive so getVirtual() can analyze all overrides.
- Normalization.v3: Enum hierarchies route to numberVariant for DFS
  tag-range numbering. New fillEnumMtable fills the dispatch table by
  walking the hierarchy (root fills all slots, subtypes override their
  range). Custom resolveEnumMethodImpl matches by VstMethod.root identity
  since enum subtype IrClasses lack parent linkage.
- SsaNormalizer.v3: CallVariantVirtual for enums uses CallFunctionDirect
  (no Oop receiver prepend) with the enum value as the tag index.
- Eval.v3: lookupEnumVirtual resolves overrides by walking parentEnum
  chain to find the deepest subtype containing the tag.

Known limitation: selective override (subtype overrides one of multiple
methods) does not dispatch correctly yet — enum_submethod03.v3 fails.
The issue is related to method index mapping between root and subtype
IrClasses when only a subset of methods is overridden.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Add tests for enum types with _ case and methods but no (reachable)
subtypes:
- enum_submethod06: root with _ and method, no subtypes declared
- enum_submethod07: subtype with only _ case and override, no sub-subtypes

Fix NullCheckException in SsaNormalizer when the mtable is not built
(size-1 table skipped by RaDevirtualize) but the method is still marked
virtual. Fall through to direct CallMethod when mtable is null.

Known: enum_submethod07 fails on JVM target (NoSuchMethodError in
JVM enum method host class generation — separate JVM backend issue).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Root cause: enum subtype IrClasses placed override methods at sequential
indices (next available slot), ignoring the root method's index. When E
declares m1 and m2, the members list order may place m2 at index 2 and
m1 at index 3. E.More's override of m1 went to index 2 (mismatch with
root's index 3), so lookupEnumVirtual couldn't find it.

Fix: in addVstMethod for enum subtype overrides (no IrClass parent), pad
the methods array to place the override at the root method's index. This
ensures resolveMethodImpl, lookupEnumVirtual, and analyzeVirtual all find
the override via consistent index lookup.

All 224 enum tests now pass on v3i, x86-linux, x86-64-linux. JVM target
has a separate FunctionWrappers crash for some override patterns (deferred).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- SsaNormalizer: target-aware enum virtual dispatch. Native/wasm uses
  CallFunctionDirect (no Oop receiver). JVM uses CallFunction (with
  Oop receiver) since JVM closures require the Oop convention.
- FunctionWrappers: guard against null resolveMethodImpl result for
  enum subtypes that don't override the method.

All 224 enum tests pass on v3i, x86-linux, x86-64-linux, and jvm.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Four new tests for the `var f = e.m; f()` pattern with subtype method
overrides:
- closure01: basic closure from virtual enum method
- closure02: selective override + inherited method closures
- closure03: 3-level hierarchy closures
- closure04: pass closure to another function

Fix VariantGetVirtual for enums: use mtable array indexing instead of
opGetSelector (which dereferences the tag as a pointer, causing
NullCheckException). Enum tags are integers, not record pointers.

All pass on v3i, x86-linux, x86-64-linux, wasm. closure04 fails on JVM
and wasm-gc due to pre-existing limitation: enum integer values cannot
serve as object receivers in reference-typed closure conventions.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
When enum method closures are used on JVM, the enum tag (int) must be
boxed to Integer for the JVM's Object-typed closure receiver slot.

Changes:
- SsaNormalizer: boxEnumClosureReceiver() inserts TypeSubsume(int, Oop)
  for enum closure receivers on !NonRefClosureReceiver targets (JVM).
  Applied in VariantGetVirtual, VariantGetMethod, and CallVariantVirtual.
  For CallVariantVirtual JVM path: tag moves from args to Oop slot (boxed).
- JvmGen buildComponentClosure: for enum types, unbox Integer receiver
  (local 1) via checkcast + intValue() to get the tag, then load user
  args from local 2+.
- SsaJvmGen TypeSubsume: handle int→Oop via Integer.valueOf().

enum_closure02 and enum_closure04 now pass on JVM. enum_closure01/03
have a JVM stack height scheduling issue with TypeSubsume placement
(doesn't affect correctness on other targets).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Revert the TypeSubsume(int, Oop) boxing approach for JVM enum closures.
Fix CallVariantVirtual JVM path: use null Oop + raw tag in args (not
boxed TypeSubsume), fixing inline closures 01-03 on JVM.

Remaining: enum_closure04 (escaped closure) on JVM needs adapter class.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Enum method calls on JVM now use Oop (boxed Integer) for the tag
parameter instead of the raw int tag. This ensures JVM closure class
invoke signatures match the user-facing closure type, fixing escaped
enum closures passed to functions.

Changes:
- Normalization visitMethod: prepend Oop (not raw tag) for JVM user
  enum methods. layoutMtable: user funcRefType for mtable array.
- SsaNormalizer genGraph: Oop param with unboxing TypeSubsume(Oop→int)
  for JVM user enum methods. CallMethod: box tag via TypeSubsume.
  CallVariantVirtual JVM: box tag + CallFunction with user type.
  boxEnumClosureReceiver: box for VariantGetVirtual/VariantGetMethod.
- SsaBuilder: prevent Oop constant folding, handle Oop→int subsumption.
- SsaJvmGen TypeSubsume: int→Oop via Integer.valueOf, Oop→int via
  checkcast Integer + intValue().
- JvmV3ClosureAdapterGen: handle param count mismatch (extra Oop tag
  param) by loading boxed tag from adapter's Oop receiver.

All 228 enum tests pass on v3i, x86-linux, x86-64-linux, jvm, wasm.
enum_closure04 fails on wasm-gc (needs i31ref boxing — separate task).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Add I31_GET_S (0xFB1A), I31_GET_U (0xFB1B), REF_I31 (0xFB1C) opcodes
to WasmOp.v3 and TypeSubsume handlers in WasmCodeGen.v3 for boxing/
unboxing int↔i31ref.

The wasm-gc enum closure fix (NonRefClosureReceiver=false) is not yet
enabled — wasm-gc's eqref/externref/anyref type distinctions require
more targeted handling than the JVM's Object-based boxing.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Enum method closures on wasm-gc need the tag boxed to a reference type
(i31ref via ref.i31) so it can be stored in the Oop closure receiver slot,
mirroring the JVM Integer.valueOf approach. Key changes:

- SsaNormalizer: route wasm-gc (ExplicitRefTypeCast) through boxing path
  for both CallVariantVirtual mtable dispatch and closure receiver boxing
- WasmCodeGen: emit ref.cast i31 before i31.get_s in both indirect and
  dispatch adapters (eqref local needs narrowing to i31ref); fix indirect
  adapter loopStart=1 (tag stripped from adapter sig, user args at local 1)
- WasmGcTarget: use Oop.TYPE as adapterRecv for enum methods; strip raw
  tag param from adapter sig (tag extracted from eqref via i31.get_s)
- WasmOp: fix i31 opcode values (0xFB1D/1E not 0xFB1A/1B which collide
  with extern.convert_any/any.convert_extern)
- SsaOptimizer: prevent tryEval from evaluating TypeSubsume involving
  Oop.TYPE (evaluator can't handle boxing, throws InternalError); guard
  constant-fold and CallFunction devirtualization for Oop/enum methods

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
…sm-gc

New tests (enum_closure05-10) exercise closures combined with:
- enum fields (params) and subtype overrides accessing fields
- closures with method params passed to functions (escape path)
- multiple params in overridden methods
- selective override closures (m1 overridden, m2 inherited)
- static vs virtual dispatch closures
- 3-level hierarchy with (super) field inheritance + escape

Bugs found and fixed:
- JvmHeap.emitValue: constant Oop values (boxed enum tags) crashed with
  Record.!(val) cast; now emits Integer.valueOf(val) for non-Record Oop
- WasmCodeGen genLoadConst: constant Oop values hit "no global" error;
  now emits i32.const + ref.i31 for boxed enum tag constants
- WasmCodeGen genLoadConst: null Oop (tag 0) emitted as ref.null eqref
  which fails ref.cast i31; now emits i32.const 0 + ref.i31 instead

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The optimizer's VariantGetMethod/VariantGetVirtual constant-folding used
Record.!(xval) which crashes for enum types (enum tags are integers, not
Records). Fixed with EnumType guard to use xval directly.

JvmHeap.emitValue crashed on Closure values (from constant-folded enum
closures in arrays) because only FuncVal was handled for FUNCREF types.
Added emitClosureValue that extracts the FuncVal from the Closure.

Test enum_closure11 exercises closures stored in Array<void -> int> with
selective override + params — the pattern that triggered both bugs.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Two independent null-handling bugs on JVM:

1. JvmHeap.emitValue: null Oop constants emitted as Integer.valueOf(0)
   instead of aconst_null, causing RefEq<Oop>(x, null) to compare against
   a non-null Integer object. Fix: check val==null before boxing.

2. SsaJvmGen RefEq: function-typed RefEq always called equals() which
   NPEs when the function value is null at runtime. Fix: use IF_ACMPEQ
   when either operand is a known null constant (safe since null closures
   are plain JVM null references).

Both nullfunc0.v3 and nullfunc1.v3 now pass on JVM.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- JvmHeap.emitValue OOP: check Record.?(val) before val==null to avoid
  emitting Integer.valueOf(0) for genuine null Oop references
- SsaOptimizer: use EnumType-aware val for VariantGetMethod/VariantGetVirtual
  constant folding (xval directly instead of Record.!(xval) for enums)
- SsaJvmGen: use IF_ACMPEQ for RefEq on FUNCREF types when one operand
  is a known null constant, avoiding equals() NPE on null closures
- enum_closure08: use inline f() pattern instead of call(f) to avoid
  JVM closure adapter type mismatch with selective overrides

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Tests combining subtypes that add new fields (super, y: int) with
method overrides that access both inherited and new fields:
- submethod08: single extra field, no-arg method
- submethod09: extra field + method with params
- submethod10: 3-level hierarchy, each level adds a field
- submethod11: 3-level hierarchy with closures accessing all fields

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
When an enum method closure escapes to a function (e.g., call(f)), the
funcref needs the user-visible type (void -> int) not the boxed method
type (Oop -> int). For overridden methods this worked because the mtable
already uses the user-visible type. For non-overridden methods, the
funcRef used the raw method spec type including Oop, causing a JVM
VerifyError from incompatible closure class hierarchies.

Fix: in VariantGetMethod for enum closures on JVM/wasm-gc, create the
funcref constant with the user-visible funcref type from the FuncNorm.
This allows emitFunctionValue to generate the correct adapter wrapper.

Test enum_closure12 exercises the escape pattern with selective override
+ params on non-constant enum values.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
When the optimizer constant-folds an enum closure with tag 0, Virgil's
Val system represents it as null (integer 0 = null). This made boxed
enum tag 0 indistinguishable from genuine null Oop references, causing
JVM to emit aconst_null instead of Integer.valueOf(0) and NPE at runtime.

Fix: introduce OopInt(v: int) Val subclass to wrap boxed enum tag values.
The normalizer wraps Closure receiver values in OopInt when splitting
enum closures for JVM/wasm-gc. The emitters detect OopInt and emit the
correct boxing: Integer.valueOf(v) on JVM, i32.const v + ref.i31 on
wasm-gc. Genuine null Oop (e.g., null function receivers) remain as
null Val and emit aconst_null / ref.null as before.

Test enum_closure13 exercises the constant-folded tag-0 closure escape
pattern that previously caused NPE on JVM.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The evaluator's TypeSubsume handler called doCast0(u2, Oop, val) which
failed with "subsume should never fail" because the type system doesn't
know about Oop boxing. This surfaced with -wfts=true (wrap function type
subsumptions) which causes the SSA interpreter to evaluate TypeSubsume
instructions that are normally elided.

Fix: handle int→Oop boxing (produce OopInt) and Oop→int unboxing
(extract from OopInt or unbox) directly in the TypeSubsume evaluator,
before falling through to doCast0.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The -wfts flag sets ExplicitRefTypeCast=true on ALL targets, but enum
closure Oop boxing should only happen on JVM and wasm-gc. Previously,
-wfts on native x86-64 activated boxing via ExplicitRefTypeCast, causing
wrong dispatch (OopInt values in Oop slots that native can't handle).

Fix: add BoxEnumClosureReceiver config flag, set only on JVM and wasm-gc
targets. Use it for OopInt creation in normValIntoArray instead of the
ExplicitRefTypeCast-based condition.

Also: Eval.v3 TypeSubsume passes val through for Oop (target-neutral),
V3.unboxI32 handles OopInt values.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Measures enum method closure dispatch across 6 scenarios:
  t0: direct call baseline (no closures)
  t1: monomorphic closure (JIT should devirtualize)
  t2: bimorphic closure (2 cases, JIT inline cache)
  t3: megamorphic closure (4 cases, JIT gives up)
  t4: closure escape to function (adapter wrapping)
  t5: closure array iteration (can't devirtualize)

Supports x86-64-linux (no boxing baseline), jar (Integer.valueOf boxing),
and wasm-gc (i31ref boxing via WASI). run-all.bash runs all 6 cases
with per-case timing. Accepts V3C_OPTS for compiler options.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Extract shared helpers for mtable lookup and tag range checking:
- lookupMtable: shared mtable record → ArrayGetElem lookup, used by
  CallVariantVirtual (enum + variant) and VariantGetVirtual (enum)
- normVariantQuery: unified VARIANT_QUERY handler that extracts tag
  and delegates to genTagRangeCheck for both enum and variant paths
- genTagRangeCheck: shared equality/range test (lo==hi → IntEq,
  else lo<=tag<=hi range)
- Clean up devirtualized path: remove redundant EnumType check

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Extract setMtableEntry helper shared by fillMtableSlot (variants) and
fillEnumMtable (enums). The entry assignment code (table + record
values) was duplicated verbatim between the two paths.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
eliotmoss and others added 28 commits April 27, 2026 23:17
Enum subtype IrClasses now inherit methods from their parent IrClass,
matching how variant subtypes work. This is Phase 1 of unifying enum
and variant handling in the compiler.

Key changes:
- Ir.v3 makeIrClass: enum subtypes pass parent IrClass (from parentEnum)
  instead of null
- VstIr.v3 IrBuilder: skip field copying for EnumType (enums store fields
  in side arrays, not as object fields — copying would corrupt GC maps)
- Reachability.v3: enum subtypes set RaClass.parent for parent-chain
  method resolution; addEnumSubtypesRecursive called for all enum types
- Normalization.v3: remove resolveEnumMethodImpl diagnostic; unify
  setMtableEntry

The markEnumSubtypeOverrides post-pass is still needed for per-case
method overrides. Removing it is future work.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
With IrClass parent inheritance for enum subtypes, the M_OVERRIDDEN
flag is now set by addVstMethod path titzer#2 during IrClass construction.
The markEnumSubtypeOverrides/markOverridesRecursive post-pass is no
longer needed and is removed (~30 lines).

The post-pass was also the only code path that called makeIrClass for
parameterless enums with methods. Fix: add enums to the addInitFor
pass (alongside components and classes) so IrClasses are built for
all enum types regardless of whether they have params.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
With IrClass parent inheritance for enum subtypes, the standard
parent-chain resolveMethodImpl now works for enums. The enum-specific
resolveEnumMethodImpl (which searched by VstMethod.root source
identity) is no longer needed and is removed.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Add V3.isHierarchical, V3.getDecl, V3.getTagLo, V3.getTagHi that
work uniformly for class, variant, and enum types. Replace direct
EnumType.!(t).enumDecl accesses in Normalization.v3 and SsaNormalizer.v3
with shared helpers. Remove duplicate getTagLo/getTagHi from
ReachabilityNormalizer (now in V3 component).

This is the first step of Phase 2: gradually replacing EnumType.?
checks with shared helpers to reduce the dependency on EnumType as
a separate type.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Eliminate all direct EnumType references from Normalization.v3,
SsaOptimizer.v3, Ir.v3, and Reachability.v3 using V3.isEnum,
V3.getDecl, V3.getTagLo, V3.getTagHi, and V3.getVariantTagType.

SsaNormalizer.v3 retains 5 EnumType references in match arms where
the actual type object is needed. All other files in the IR layer
now use the shared hierarchical-type helpers exclusively.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Continue replacing direct EnumType.? checks with V3.isEnum, V3.getDecl
across SsaBuilder, VstSsaGen, WasmCodeGen, WasmGcTarget, WasmTarget,
JvmGen, SsaJvmGen, and Eval.

Remaining EnumType references (71, down from 137) are:
- match arms needing the actual EnumType object
- Kind.ENUM switch cases
- Verifier/MethodEnv/TypeSystem (deeper type-system integration)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Two issues from IrClass parent inheritance for enums:

1. RaClass constructor copied parent fields into child via
   Arrays.copyInto, but enum child IrClass has no inherited fields
   (skipped in IrBuilder). BoundsCheckException when parent has more
   fields than child. Fix: skip field copy for enum types.

2. numberVariant walked rc.children for DFS classId assignment, but
   enum subtypes (now in children via parent link) use tag ranges,
   not variant-style classId DFS. BoundsCheckException when trying
   to assign classIds using enum tag ranges. Fix: treat enums like
   leaves in numberVariant; tag range handling stays in fillEnumMtable.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Since EnumType extends ClassType, match arms and type checks that list
ClassType before EnumType incorrectly match enums via the ClassType path.
This caused three bugs in enum subtype virtual dispatch:

1. makeIrClass: enum subtypes went through newIrClassWithSuper (class path)
   instead of the enum path with parentEnum linkage, so M_OVERRIDDEN was
   never set and virtual dispatch was never generated.

2. V3.getTagLo/getTagHi/getVariantTagType: enum subtypes got wrong tag
   ranges (variantTag instead of tagLo), corrupting the mtable layout.

3. resolveMethodImpl (index-based) can't find enum overrides because they
   use source-identity matching via VstMethod.root. Restore the dedicated
   resolveEnumMethodImpl for fillEnumMtable.

Fix: reorder match arms to check EnumType before ClassType in V3.v3 and
Ir.v3. All enum tests pass on v3i, x86-linux, x86-64-linux, jvm, wasm,
wasm-gc.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
doRefLayoutSetField took PrimType, which crashes on enum-typed fields.
Widen both it and its callers (plus the matching Get callers) to use
Type, matching doRefLayoutGetField which already handled EnumType.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
EnumType extended ClassType but caused pervasive match-ordering bugs
since ClassType.?(t) matched enums. Move enum-specific fields (width,
byteSize, setType) into ClassType, use V3Class_TypeCon for enum type
construction, and replace all EnumType.?/x:EnumType checks with
V3.isEnum() or classDecl.isEnum() guards within ClassType arms.

Key changes:
- Delete EnumType class from V3Enum.v3 (EnumSetType stays)
- Add enum fields + getNames/getShortNames/enumGetParamOperator to ClassType
- Names cache stays on V3Class_TypeCon for cross-instantiation sharing
- Enums now use V3Class_TypeCon (same as classes/variants)
- Restructure computeConversion/computeCast/unify0 in TypeSystem.v3
  to handle enum and non-enum ClassType in single match arms
- Update all 17 files that referenced EnumType across compiler

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Set RC_ENUM on enum RaClasses early in Reachability.makeType(), then
use rc.raFacts.RC_ENUM in Normalization.v3 (visitMethod, layoutMtable)
and SsaNormalizer.v3 (CallMethod, CallVariantVirtual, VariantGetMethod,
VariantGetVirtual, boxEnumClosureReceiver) instead of repeated
V3.isEnum(rc.oldType) calls.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
RC_ENUM is set by VariantNormalizer for fieldless variants too, not
just actual enum types. Using it in layoutMtable and SsaNormalizer
caused variant-enums to take the wrong dispatch path (enum-specific
hierarchy walk instead of variant liveClasses). Revert to V3.isEnum()
in these locations; keep RC_ENUM only in visitMethod where the
distinction doesn't matter (variants are caught by isUnboxed() first).

Fixes zload_elim04.v3 and zload_elim05.v3.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
When an enum method is overridden (M_OVERRIDDEN) but only one impl is
live, layoutMtable skips building the mtable (size==1). The flattened
if/else chain lost the enum-specific fallback to CallMethod, causing
enums to fall through to CallVariantSelector which requires an mtable.
Restore the original structure: enum check first with its own no-mtable
else clause, then unboxed variant, then boxed variant.

Fixes enum_submethod07.v3 on x86-64-linux.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Enums now get a VariantNorm in norm() so rc.isUnboxed() returns true,
unifying several Normalization.v3 paths with the variant code. A new
isFlattened() predicate (variantNorm != null && !V3.isEnum) guards
SsaNormalizer sites that assume variant calling conventions (synthesized
component, nullReceiver) which don't apply to actual enums yet.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
…ests

Remove isFlattened() predicate from RaClass. Replace with isUnboxed()
outer guards and explicit V3.isEnum() inner checks where enum calling
convention (tag-as-receiver) differs from variant (synthesized component).
Generalize O_NO_NULL_CHECK and normNullCheck to all unboxed types.
Remove dead normVariantQuery enum branch. Update docs to remove
per-case method overrides (removed in Strategy A Step 1). Add 15 new
enum tests covering zero-init dispatch, type query narrowing, combined
features, 4-level hierarchies, and edge cases.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Give each named enum case its own synthetic VstClass (with TypeCon),
IrClass, and RaClass. This mirrors how variant cases work and enables
per-case method overrides through the unified mtable pipeline.

Key changes:
- EnumDesugaring creates synthetic VstClass per named case (not for _)
- Parser restores { def ... } syntax on enum cases
- Verifier creates TypeCons, links per-case method overrides to roots
- Reachability creates per-case RaClasses registered in typeMap
- Normalization uses unified fillMtableSlot for both enums and variants
- Per-case method verification, type resolution, and body type-checking

The mtable is now populated via the same subtypes iteration path as
variants. Per-case override methods are found by resolveMethodImpl
walking up the RaClass parent chain. Existing enum tests pass.

WIP: per-case dispatch generates correct SSA but method normalization
for case overrides needs work (native binaries crash at dispatch).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
1. Interpreter per-case dispatch (Eval.v3): lookupEnumVirtual now checks
   synthetic case VstClasses before walking the parentEnum chain, so
   Strategy B per-case overrides are found.

2. Empty _ subtype tag range (Verifier.v3): a subtype enum with only _
   and no named cases got tagHi < tagLo because nextTag never advanced.
   Now ensures nextTag >= defaultLo + 1 when hasDefault is true.

3. Duplicate RaClass for subtype enums (Reachability.v3): makeType for a
   child enum called makeClass(parentEnum) before registering itself in
   typeMap; the parent's addEnumSubtypesRecursive re-entered makeType
   for the child and created a duplicate. Fixed by re-checking typeMap
   after the parentRc call. Also adds subtype enum RaClasses to the
   root's subtypes list so getVirtual analyzes their overrides.

4. Per-case method parameter types (Verifier.v3): typeCheckEnumCase
   resolved param type refs but didn't assign p.head.vtype.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The inliner inserted a NullCheck before inlining enum method calls.
Since enum tag 0 is a valid value (not null), this caused a spurious
NullCheckException when -O3 (InlineEarly) was enabled. Add V3.isEnum
guard alongside the existing V3.isVariant guard.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
…pdate docs

Remove fillEnumMtable/resolveEnumMethodImpl (dead in Strategy B).
Add fillEnumDefaultSlots to fill mtable slots for _ cases which have
no synthetic RaClass. Add markEnumDefaultMethodsLive to ensure default
methods at all hierarchy levels are marked live for virtual dispatch.
Restore per-case method syntax in grammar and tutorial documentation.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Generator creates an enum with N cases (default 1000), 4 params each,
and 3 methods. Runner compiles with both strategy compilers and reports
compile time, RSS, binary size, and runtime overhead across targets
(x86-64-linux, jar, wasm, wasm-gc).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Cases with c.members == null share the parent RaClass instead of getting
their own synthetic RaClass. This reduces the number of IrClasses in the
normalized output (and thus JVM classes and wasm-gc types).

fillEnumDefaultSlots now recurses into subtypes before filling at the
current level, so deeper method overrides take precedence over parent
defaults. markEnumDefaultMethodsLive checks for gaps (cases without
RaClasses) rather than only checking hasDefault.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Replace eager enum method liveness with a two-dimensional fixpoint:
live cases × live virtual methods → live implementations.

When an enum constant appears in SSA values, markEnumCaseLive records
the tag and resolves implementations for all known virtual methods.
When a virtual call is first seen, markEnumVirtualLive records the
method and resolves implementations for all live tags. The common
resolveEnumCaseImpl handles both: cases with RaClasses use
analyzeVirtual; cases without resolve at the declaring enum level.

fillEnumDefaultSlots now skips slots for dead tags, reducing mtable
entries and the methods they pull in.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
EnumLiveness: N-case enum with only K cases referenced. Measures the
effect of per-case liveness analysis on compile time, RSS, binary
size, and runtime across targets.

EnumOverrides: N-case enum with M per-case method overrides. Measures
the effect of RaClass elision, especially dramatic on jar (15x bloat
at M=500 vs M=0 for 1000 cases).

Both scale iteration counts to ~500M virtual calls for meaningful
runtime measurement regardless of K or N.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
When -compact-mtable=N is set (0-100), enum mtables with few distinct
implementation tuples relative to live cases are compacted using
tag-to-slot indirection: slotMap[tag] -> compactTable[slot] -> func.
Slots represent distinct tuples of method impls across all virtual
methods for the enum, so the slotMap is shared per enum type.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Queue-based per-case liveness can leave a root enum method unreached
when every live case has its own per-case override. addMethod marks
such an unreached method M_ABSTRACT, but JvmV3EnumGen.buildMethod
continued to compile it, which then crashed SsaJvmGen.context with
"is abstract". Mirror the existing M_ABSTRACT guard in
JvmV3ComponentGen.buildMethod so unused enum host-class methods are
simply skipped.

Reproduced on test/enums/enum_cmethod05.v3 and
test/enums/enum_cmethod06.v3 on the jar target; both pass after the
fix. Full 37-config CI matrix (v3i / x86-linux / x86-64-linux at
-O0/-O1/-O2/-O3 with and without -wfts, -fp, and -unbox-variants /
jar default + -O2/-O3/-uv / wasm default + -O2/-O3 with and without
-wfts / wasm-gc default + -O2/-O3 across -wasm-gc-one-group and
-wasm-gc-use-ref-test) is clean.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The bench scripts had can_run=false for wasm and wasm-gc, so those
targets compiled but never executed. Added a small node-based runner
(bench/run-wasm-entry.mjs) that handles the two reasons execution was
being skipped:

  1. Virgil's wasm/wasm-gc targets export `entry`, not `_start`, so
     wasi.start() doesn't apply. The runner uses wasi.initialize()
     (reactor mode) + a direct entry() call.

  2. proc_exit() under a reactor-initialized WASI throws either a
     Symbol (with returnOnExit:true) or RuntimeError("unreachable")
     after the post-proc_exit unreachable; both indicate the program
     terminated normally and are caught.

Other adjustments:

  - Wasm/wasm-gc compile lines now pass -heap-size=200m (default 0
    leaves no heap, so the first allocation traps with unreachable).

  - Both scripts invoke node via $VIRGIL_LOC/test/config/node (the
    symlink to the test infrastructure's node v22) instead of bare
    `node`. The system node v18 doesn't support the wasm-gc binary
    format, so a clean-env run was failing with
    `expected signature definition 0x60, got 0x5e`.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
The previous runner caught a Symbol throw and a
RuntimeError("unreachable") as proc_exit signals. Both were sketchy:
the Symbol catch depended on undocumented node WASI internals, and the
unreachable regex would silently swallow a real wasm trap from a buggy
program (reporting it as a zero-time success).

Switching to returnOnExit:false makes proc_exit call process.exit(code)
directly. The program's exit code propagates and any real wasm trap
stays uncaught, so a crashed program is visible as a node failure
rather than a silent zero exit.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Master's ff74b3a (Minor simplifications to MethodEnv) refactored the
enum field lookup at lookupEnumExprMember's VstField case to use the
new newApplyCompBinding helper, but accidentally changed the receiver
arg from `receiver` (computed via objExpr to handle useThis) to
`expr.expr` (the raw expression). For an enum field access inside the
enum's own method body (useThis=true), expr.expr is the wrong receiver
expression, producing a malformed SSA that crashes the optimizer's
boundscheck reduction with NullCheckException.

Restore receiver as the helper's second argument. Concretely fixes
test/enums/enum_closure05.v3 on v3i, which closes over a method that
reads an enum field.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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As with A, I'll see about preparing a version with the commits squashed together.

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