Existing computational tools address this challenge inadequately. Keyword-matching approaches fail on semantically complex text. Supervised machine-learning pipelines require labeled training data, data-science expertise, and large datasets before they achieve acceptable accuracy. Commercial qualitative data analysis software (e.g., NVivo, ATLAS.ti, MAXQDA) supports manual coding workflows but does not integrate LLM-based classification. General-purpose LLM chat interfaces such as ChatGPT do not provide the structured outputs, batch processing, or codebook integration that systematic research requires.
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