Add batch() returning per-statement result sets

Implement the per-statement batch() interface from tursodatabase/turso#7343
in both the async (promise.js) and sync (compat.js) Database APIs.

batch(statements, mode?) executes statements sequentially and returns one
ResultSet per input statement, each with columns, columnTypes, rows (with
positional and named access), rowsAffected, lastInsertRowid, and toJSON().
When a transaction mode is provided and the connection is not already in a
transaction, the batch is wrapped in BEGIN/COMMIT and rolled back on failure.

Author: penberg

compat.js

@@ -196,6 +196,77 @@ class Database {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Executes a batch of SQL statements sequentially, returning one
+   * result object per input statement.
+   *
+   * When `mode` is provided and the connection is not already inside a
+   * transaction, the batch is wrapped in a `BEGIN <mode>` / `COMMIT`
+   * transaction that is rolled back if any statement fails.
+   *
+   * @param {Array<string | { sql: string, args?: any[] | Record<string, any> }>} statements - The statements to execute.
+   * @param {string | { mode?: string, raw?: boolean }} [options] - Optional
+   *   transaction mode or batch options. When `mode` is provided and the
+   *   connection is not already inside a transaction, the statements run inside
+   *   a transaction. When `raw` is true, reader rows are returned as arrays.
+   *
+   * Batch mutation result sets intentionally expose `rowsAffected` only. Unlike
+   * `Statement.run()`, they do not include `lastInsertRowid`.
+   * @returns {Array<{ columns: string[], columnTypes: string[], rows: Array<Record<string, any> | any[]>, rowsAffected: number }>}
+   */
+  batch(statements, options) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(statements)) {
+      throw new TypeError("Expected first argument to be an array of statements");
+    }
+
+    const { mode, raw } = normalizeBatchOptions(options);
+    const wrap = mode != null && !this.inTransaction;
+    if (wrap) {
+      this.exec(`BEGIN ${normalizeBatchMode(mode)}`);
+    }
+
+    const results = [];
+    try {
+      for (const statement of statements) {
+        const sql = typeof statement === "string" ? statement : statement.sql;
+        const args = typeof statement === "string" ? undefined : statement.args;
+
+        const stmt = this.prepare(sql);
+        const cols = stmt.columns();
+        const columnNames = cols.map((c) => c.name);
+        const columnTypes = cols.map((c) => c.type ?? "");
+
+        if (columnNames.length > 0) {
+          // Reader statement: collect the returned rows.
+          if (raw) {
+            stmt.raw(true);
+          }
+          const rows = args !== undefined ? stmt.all(args) : stmt.all();
+          results.push(makeResultSet(columnNames, columnTypes, rows, 0));
+        } else {
+          // Mutating statement: report affected rows only; batch results do not
+          // expose Statement.run()'s lastInsertRowid by design.
+          const info = args !== undefined ? stmt.run(args) : stmt.run();
+          results.push(makeResultSet(columnNames, columnTypes, [], info.changes));
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (wrap) {
+        this.exec("COMMIT");
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (wrap) {
+        try {
+          this.exec("ROLLBACK");
+        } catch (_) {
+          // ignore rollback failures and surface the original error
+        }
+      }
+      throw convertError(err);
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Interrupts the database connection.
    */
@@ -388,3 +459,42 @@ module.exports = Database;
 module.exports.SqliteError = SqliteError;
 module.exports.Authorization = Authorization;
 module.exports.Action = Action;
+
+function normalizeBatchMode(mode) {
+  switch (String(mode).toLowerCase()) {
+    case "write":
+      return "IMMEDIATE";
+    case "read":
+      return "DEFERRED";
+    case "deferred":
+      return "DEFERRED";
+    case "immediate":
+      return "IMMEDIATE";
+    case "exclusive":
+      return "EXCLUSIVE";
+    default:
+      return String(mode).toUpperCase();
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizeBatchOptions(options) {
+  if (options != null && typeof options === "object") {
+    return {
+      mode: options.mode,
+      raw: options.raw === true,
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    mode: options,
+    raw: false,
+  };
+}
+
+function makeResultSet(columns, columnTypes, rows, rowsAffected) {
+  return {
+    columns,
+    columnTypes,
+    rows,
+    rowsAffected,
+  };
+}

docs/api.md

@@ -262,6 +262,36 @@ Executes a SQL statement.
 | sql    | <code>string</code> | The SQL statement string to execute. |
 | queryOptions | <code>object</code> | Optional per-query overrides (for example, `{ queryTimeout: 100 }`). |
 
+### batch(statements, [options]) ⇒ array of ResultSet
+
+Executes a batch of SQL statements sequentially and returns one `ResultSet`
+per input statement. Each statement may be a SQL string or an object of the
+form `{ sql, args }`, where `args` is an array (positional) or an object
+(named) of bind parameters.
+
+`options` may be a transaction mode string for compatibility, or an object with
+`mode` and `raw` fields. Set `raw: true` to return reader rows in the same array
+form as `Statement.raw().all()`.
+
+| Param      | Type                | Description                          |
+| ---------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| statements | <code>array</code>  | The statements to execute. |
+| options    | <code>string \| object</code> | Optional transaction mode string or `{ mode, raw }` object. When `mode` is provided and the connection is not already in a transaction, the batch runs inside a transaction that is rolled back if any statement fails. When `raw` is true, reader rows are arrays. |
+
+Each `ResultSet` has the following shape:
+
+| Field           | Type                          | Description                                   |
+| --------------- | ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
+| columns         | <code>string[]</code>         | The column names of the result.               |
+| columnTypes     | <code>string[]</code>         | The declared column types of the result.      |
+| rows            | <code>Row[]</code>            | Rows returned by `Statement.all()`. |
+| rowsAffected    | <code>number</code>           | The number of rows changed by the statement.  |
+
+Mutation result sets intentionally expose `rowsAffected` only. Unlike
+`Statement.run()`, `batch()` result sets do not include `lastInsertRowid`.
+
+**Note:** This is an extension in libSQL and not available in `better-sqlite3`.
+
 ### interrupt() ⇒ this
 
 Cancel ongoing operations and make them return at earliest opportunity.

integration-tests/tests/async.test.js

@@ -745,6 +745,79 @@ test.serial("Database.run() forwards queryOptions", async (t) => {
   );
 });
 
+test.serial("Database.batch() returns per-statement result sets", async (t) => {
+  const db = t.context.db;
+
+  const results = await db.batch([
+    { sql: "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", args: [3, "Carol", "carol@example.org"] },
+    { sql: "UPDATE users SET email = ? WHERE id = ?", args: ["alice@new.org", 1] },
+    "SELECT id, name FROM users ORDER BY id",
+  ]);
+
+  t.true(Array.isArray(results));
+  t.is(results.length, 3);
+
+  // INSERT
+  t.deepEqual(results[0].columns, []);
+  t.deepEqual(results[0].columnTypes, []);
+  t.deepEqual(results[0].rows, []);
+  t.is(results[0].rowsAffected, 1);
+
+  // UPDATE
+  t.is(results[1].rowsAffected, 1);
+
+  // SELECT
+  t.deepEqual(results[2].columns, ["id", "name"]);
+  t.is(results[2].rowsAffected, 0);
+  t.is(results[2].rows.length, 3);
+
+  // Default Statement.all() row shape
+  const row = results[2].rows[0];
+  t.false(Array.isArray(row));
+  t.is(row.id, 1);
+  t.is(row.name, "Alice");
+
+  t.is(results[0].toJSON, undefined);
+});
+
+test.serial("Database.batch() with named args", async (t) => {
+  const db = t.context.db;
+  const results = await db.batch([
+    { sql: "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id", args: { id: 2 } },
+  ]);
+  t.is(results.length, 1);
+  t.is(results[0].rows.length, 1);
+  t.is(results[0].rows[0].name, "Bob");
+});
+
+test.serial("Database.batch() with raw rows", async (t) => {
+  const db = t.context.db;
+  const results = await db.batch([
+    { sql: "SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE id = ?", args: [1] },
+  ], { raw: true });
+  t.is(results.length, 1);
+  t.deepEqual(results[0].rows, [[1, "Alice"]]);
+});
+
+test.serial("Database.batch() rolls back on error when given a mode", async (t) => {
+  const db = t.context.db;
+  await t.throwsAsync(async () => {
+    await db.batch([
+      { sql: "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", args: [10, "Dan", "dan@example.org"] },
+      { sql: "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", args: [1, "Dup", "dup@example.org"] },
+    ], "write");
+  });
+  // The first insert must have been rolled back.
+  const stmt = await db.prepare("SELECT count(*) AS c FROM users WHERE id = 10");
+  const row = await stmt.get();
+  t.is(row.c, 0);
+});
+
+test.serial("Database.batch() rejects non-array argument", async (t) => {
+  const db = t.context.db;
+  await t.throwsAsync(() => db.batch("SELECT 1"), { instanceOf: TypeError });
+});
+
 const connect = async (path_opt, options = {}) => {
   const path = path_opt ?? "hello.db";
   const provider = process.env.PROVIDER;

integration-tests/tests/sync.test.js

@@ -667,6 +667,98 @@ test.serial("Statement.reader [DELETE RETURNING is true]", async (t) => {
   t.is(stmt.reader, true);
 });
 
+test.serial("Database.batch() returns per-statement result sets", async (t) => {
+  if (t.context.provider !== "libsql") {
+    t.pass();
+    return;
+  }
+  const db = t.context.db;
+
+  const results = db.batch([
+    { sql: "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", args: [3, "Carol", "carol@example.org"] },
+    { sql: "UPDATE users SET email = ? WHERE id = ?", args: ["alice@new.org", 1] },
+    "SELECT id, name FROM users ORDER BY id",
+  ]);
+
+  t.true(Array.isArray(results));
+  t.is(results.length, 3);
+
+  // INSERT
+  t.deepEqual(results[0].columns, []);
+  t.deepEqual(results[0].columnTypes, []);
+  t.deepEqual(results[0].rows, []);
+  t.is(results[0].rowsAffected, 1);
+
+  // UPDATE
+  t.is(results[1].rowsAffected, 1);
+
+  // SELECT
+  t.deepEqual(results[2].columns, ["id", "name"]);
+  t.is(results[2].rowsAffected, 0);
+  t.is(results[2].rows.length, 3);
+
+  // Default Statement.all() row shape
+  const row = results[2].rows[0];
+  t.false(Array.isArray(row));
+  t.is(row.id, 1);
+  t.is(row.name, "Alice");
+
+  t.is(results[0].toJSON, undefined);
+});
+
+test.serial("Database.batch() with named args", async (t) => {
+  if (t.context.provider !== "libsql") {
+    t.pass();
+    return;
+  }
+  const db = t.context.db;
+  const results = db.batch([
+    { sql: "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id", args: { id: 2 } },
+  ]);
+  t.is(results.length, 1);
+  t.is(results[0].rows.length, 1);
+  t.is(results[0].rows[0].name, "Bob");
+});
+
+test.serial("Database.batch() with raw rows", async (t) => {
+  if (t.context.provider !== "libsql") {
+    t.pass();
+    return;
+  }
+  const db = t.context.db;
+  const results = db.batch([
+    { sql: "SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE id = ?", args: [1] },
+  ], { raw: true });
+  t.is(results.length, 1);
+  t.deepEqual(results[0].rows, [[1, "Alice"]]);
+});
+
+test.serial("Database.batch() rolls back on error when given a mode", async (t) => {
+  if (t.context.provider !== "libsql") {
+    t.pass();
+    return;
+  }
+  const db = t.context.db;
+  t.throws(() => {
+    db.batch([
+      { sql: "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", args: [10, "Dan", "dan@example.org"] },
+      { sql: "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", args: [1, "Dup", "dup@example.org"] },
+    ], "write");
+  });
+  // The first insert must have been rolled back.
+  const row = db.prepare("SELECT count(*) AS c FROM users WHERE id = 10").get();
+  t.is(row.c, 0);
+});
+
+test.serial("Database.batch() rejects non-array argument", async (t) => {
+  if (t.context.provider !== "libsql") {
+    t.pass();
+    return;
+  }
+  const db = t.context.db;
+  t.throws(() => db.batch("SELECT 1"), { instanceOf: TypeError });
+});
+
 const connect = async (path_opt, options = {}) => {
   const path = path_opt ?? "hello.db";
   const provider = process.env.PROVIDER;