fix: skip orphan reconciliation for shared tables in createCollection

src/Database/Database.php

@@ -1793,16 +1793,27 @@ public function createCollection(string $id, array $attributes = [], array $inde
         try {
             $this->adapter->createCollection($id, $attributes, $indexes);
         } catch (DuplicateException $e) {
-            // Metadata check (above) already verified collection is absent
-            // from metadata. A DuplicateException from the adapter means the
-            // collection exists only in physical schema — an orphan from a prior
-            // partial failure. Drop and recreate to ensure schema matches.
-            try {
-                $this->adapter->deleteCollection($id);
-            } catch (NotFoundException) {
-                // Already removed by a concurrent reconciler.
+            if ($this->adapter->getSharedTables()) {
+                // In shared-tables mode the physical table is reused across
+                // tenants. A DuplicateException simply means the table already
+                // exists for another tenant — not an orphan. Verify the table
+                // is actually present before writing tenant metadata.
+                if ($id !== self::METADATA && !$this->adapter->exists($this->adapter->getDatabase(), $id)) {
+                    throw $e;
+                }
+            } else {
+                // Metadata check (above) already verified collection is absent
+                // from metadata. A DuplicateException from the adapter means
+                // the collection exists only in physical schema — an orphan
+                // from a prior partial failure. Drop and recreate to ensure
+                // schema matches.
+                try {
+                    $this->adapter->deleteCollection($id);
+                } catch (NotFoundException) {
+                    // Already removed by a concurrent reconciler.
+                }
+                $this->adapter->createCollection($id, $attributes, $indexes);
             }
-            $this->adapter->createCollection($id, $attributes, $indexes);
         }
 
         if ($id === self::METADATA) {
@@ -1812,10 +1823,14 @@ public function createCollection(string $id, array $attributes = [], array $inde
         try {
             $createdCollection = $this->silent(fn () => $this->createDocument(self::METADATA, $collection));
         } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            try {
-                $this->cleanupCollection($id);
-            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-                Console::error("Failed to rollback collection '{$id}': " . $e->getMessage());
+            if (!$this->adapter->getSharedTables()) {
+                try {
+                    $this->cleanupCollection($id);
+                } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                    Console::error("Failed to rollback collection '{$id}': " . $e->getMessage());
+                }
+            } else {
+                Console::warning("createCollection '{$id}' metadata failed in shared-tables mode; physical table retained. Metadata document must be re-created.");
             }
             throw new DatabaseException("Failed to create collection metadata for '{$id}': " . $e->getMessage(), previous: $e);
         }

tests/e2e/Adapter/Scopes/CollectionTests.php

@@ -1326,6 +1326,110 @@ public function testSharedTablesDuplicates(): void
             ->setDatabase($schema);
     }
 
+    public function testSharedTablesMultiTenantCreateCollection(): void
+    {
+        /** @var Database $database */
+        $database = $this->getDatabase();
+        $sharedTables = $database->getSharedTables();
+        $namespace = $database->getNamespace();
+        $schema = $database->getDatabase();
+
+        if (!$database->getAdapter()->getSupportForSchemas()) {
+            $this->expectNotToPerformAssertions();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $dbName = 'stMultiTenant';
+        if ($database->exists($dbName)) {
+            $database->setDatabase($dbName)->delete();
+        }
+
+        $tenant1 = 10;
+        $tenant2 = 20;
+
+        $database
+            ->setDatabase($dbName)
+            ->setNamespace('')
+            ->setSharedTables(true)
+            ->setTenant($tenant1)
+            ->create();
+
+        $database->createCollection('multiTenantCol', [
+            new Document([
+                '$id' => 'name',
+                'type' => Database::VAR_STRING,
+                'size' => 128,
+                'required' => true,
+            ]),
+        ]);
+
+        $col1 = $database->getCollection('multiTenantCol');
+        $this->assertFalse($col1->isEmpty());
+        $this->assertEquals(1, \count($col1->getAttribute('attributes')));
+
+        $database->setTenant($tenant2);
+
+        $database->createCollection('multiTenantCol', [
+            new Document([
+                '$id' => 'name',
+                'type' => Database::VAR_STRING,
+                'size' => 128,
+                'required' => true,
+            ]),
+        ]);
+
+        $col2 = $database->getCollection('multiTenantCol');
+        $this->assertFalse($col2->isEmpty());
+        $this->assertEquals(1, \count($col2->getAttribute('attributes')));
+
+        $database->setTenant($tenant1);
+        $col1Again = $database->getCollection('multiTenantCol');
+        $this->assertFalse($col1Again->isEmpty());
+
+        $database
+            ->setSharedTables($sharedTables)
+            ->setNamespace($namespace)
+            ->setDatabase($schema);
+    }
+
+    public function testSharedTablesMultiTenantCreate(): void
+    {
+        /** @var Database $database */
+        $database = $this->getDatabase();
+        $sharedTables = $database->getSharedTables();
+        $namespace = $database->getNamespace();
+        $schema = $database->getDatabase();
+
+        if (!$database->getAdapter()->getSupportForSchemas()) {
+            $this->expectNotToPerformAssertions();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $dbName = 'stMultiCreate';
+        if ($database->exists($dbName)) {
+            $database->setDatabase($dbName)->delete();
+        }
+
+        $database
+            ->setDatabase($dbName)
+            ->setNamespace('')
+            ->setSharedTables(true)
+            ->setTenant(100)
+            ->create();
+
+        $this->assertTrue($database->exists($dbName));
+
+        $database->setTenant(200);
+        $database->create();
+
+        $this->assertTrue($database->exists($dbName));
+
+        $database
+            ->setSharedTables($sharedTables)
+            ->setNamespace($namespace)
+            ->setDatabase($schema);
+    }
+
     public function testEvents(): void
     {
         $this->getDatabase()->getAuthorization()->skip(function () {