diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-assignment.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-assignment.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08092632b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-assignment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Writing to a captured local only mutates the hoisted action's bound
+// parameter copy, not the original outer binding.
+function Counter() {
+  let local = 0
+
+  async function updateLocal() {
+    'use server'
+    local = 1
+  }
+
+  return 'something'
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-assignment.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-assignment.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca81ab8a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-assignment.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Writing to a captured local only mutates the hoisted action's bound
+// parameter copy, not the original outer binding.
+function Counter() {
+  let local = 0
+
+  const updateLocal = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_updateLocal").bind(null, __enc([local]));
+
+  return 'something'
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_updateLocal($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [local] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    local = 1
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "name", { value: "updateLocal" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-assignment.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-assignment.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a0f9c92b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-assignment.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Writing to a captured local only mutates the hoisted action's bound
+// parameter copy, not the original outer binding.
+function Counter() {
+  let local = 0
+
+  const updateLocal = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_updateLocal").bind(null, local);
+
+  return 'something'
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_updateLocal(local) {
+    'use server'
+    local = 1
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "name", { value: "updateLocal" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-increment.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-increment.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6493ffd8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-increment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Mutating a captured local is local to the hoisted invocation copy.
+function Counter() {
+  let local = 0
+
+  async function updateLocal() {
+    'use server'
+    local++
+  }
+
+  return 'something'
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-increment.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-increment.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aec55a67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-increment.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Mutating a captured local is local to the hoisted invocation copy.
+function Counter() {
+  let local = 0
+
+  const updateLocal = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_updateLocal").bind(null, __enc([local]));
+
+  return 'something'
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_updateLocal($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [local] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    local++
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "name", { value: "updateLocal" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-increment.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-increment.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..940152fe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/captured-local-increment.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Mutating a captured local is local to the hoisted invocation copy.
+function Counter() {
+  let local = 0
+
+  const updateLocal = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_updateLocal").bind(null, local);
+
+  return 'something'
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_updateLocal(local) {
+    'use server'
+    local++
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "name", { value: "updateLocal" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/catch-binding-shadow.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/catch-binding-shadow.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..464f2e787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/catch-binding-shadow.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+function outer(config, err) {
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    try {
+      return config.value
+    } catch (err) {
+      return err.message
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/catch-binding-shadow.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/catch-binding-shadow.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..709ff5ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/catch-binding-shadow.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+function outer(config, err) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([{ value: config.value }]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [config] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    try {
+      return config.value
+    } catch (err) {
+      return err.message
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/catch-binding-shadow.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/catch-binding-shadow.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9dd9ba7db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/catch-binding-shadow.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function outer(config, err) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, { value: config.value });
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(config) {
+    'use server'
+    try {
+      return config.value
+    } catch (err) {
+      return err.message
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/class-declaration-in-body.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/class-declaration-in-body.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60a37c1f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/class-declaration-in-body.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer(config) {
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    class Helper {
+      run() {
+        return config.value
+      }
+    }
+    return new Helper().run()
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/class-declaration-in-body.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/class-declaration-in-body.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d23bd6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/class-declaration-in-body.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function outer(config) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([{ value: config.value }]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [config] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    class Helper {
+      run() {
+        return config.value
+      }
+    }
+    return new Helper().run()
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/class-declaration-in-body.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/class-declaration-in-body.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fc5046a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/class-declaration-in-body.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+function outer(config) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, { value: config.value });
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(config) {
+    'use server'
+    class Helper {
+      run() {
+        return config.value
+      }
+    }
+    return new Helper().run()
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/computed-destructuring-key-captures-outer-binding.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/computed-destructuring-key-captures-outer-binding.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6aba1d531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/computed-destructuring-key-captures-outer-binding.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+function outer() {
+  const key = 'value'
+  async function action(data) {
+    'use server'
+    const { [key]: val } = data
+    return val
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/computed-destructuring-key-captures-outer-binding.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/computed-destructuring-key-captures-outer-binding.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87e2b7939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/computed-destructuring-key-captures-outer-binding.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+function outer() {
+  const key = 'value'
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([key]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded, data) {
+    const [key] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    const { [key]: val } = data
+    return val
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/computed-destructuring-key-captures-outer-binding.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/computed-destructuring-key-captures-outer-binding.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd621b5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/computed-destructuring-key-captures-outer-binding.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const key = 'value'
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, key);
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(key, data) {
+    'use server'
+    const { [key]: val } = data
+    return val
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/destructured-param-default-bound.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/destructured-param-default-bound.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05f199bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/destructured-param-default-bound.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+function outer(outerDefault) {
+  async function action({ x = outerDefault } = {}) {
+    'use server'
+    return x
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/destructured-param-default-bound.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/destructured-param-default-bound.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a04144c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/destructured-param-default-bound.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+function outer(outerDefault) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([outerDefault]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded, { x = outerDefault } = {}) {
+    const [outerDefault] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/destructured-param-default-bound.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/destructured-param-default-bound.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..657698ecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/destructured-param-default-bound.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+function outer(outerDefault) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, outerDefault);
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(outerDefault, { x = outerDefault } = {}) {
+    'use server'
+    return x
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/direct-recursion-self-binding.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/direct-recursion-self-binding.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44bc7140f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/direct-recursion-self-binding.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// TODO: follow up if this edge case matters.
+// The current transform self-binds `action`, which is suspicious enough to
+// keep as an intentionally verified TODO fixture for now.
+function outer() {
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (false) {
+      return action()
+    }
+    return 0
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/direct-recursion-self-binding.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/direct-recursion-self-binding.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca382bab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/direct-recursion-self-binding.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// TODO: follow up if this edge case matters.
+// The current transform self-binds `action`, which is suspicious enough to
+// keep as an intentionally verified TODO fixture for now.
+function outer() {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([action]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [action] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    if (false) {
+      return action()
+    }
+    return 0
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/direct-recursion-self-binding.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/direct-recursion-self-binding.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..496266dd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/direct-recursion-self-binding.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// TODO: follow up if this edge case matters.
+// The current transform self-binds `action`, which is suspicious enough to
+// keep as an intentionally verified TODO fixture for now.
+function outer() {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, action);
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(action) {
+    'use server'
+    if (false) {
+      return action()
+    }
+    return 0
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/for-of-iterable-bound.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/for-of-iterable-bound.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67387cca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/for-of-iterable-bound.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+function outer(outerList) {
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    for (const item of outerList) {
+      process(item)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/for-of-iterable-bound.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/for-of-iterable-bound.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fdf42ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/for-of-iterable-bound.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+function outer(outerList) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([outerList]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [outerList] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    for (const item of outerList) {
+      process(item)
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/for-of-iterable-bound.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/for-of-iterable-bound.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9de212a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/for-of-iterable-bound.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer(outerList) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, outerList);
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(outerList) {
+    'use server'
+    for (const item of outerList) {
+      process(item)
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist-block.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist-block.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d5d52057
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist-block.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    {
+      function value() {}
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist-block.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist-block.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..437b405bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist-block.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([value]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [value] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    {
+      function value() {}
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist-block.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist-block.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bacf64a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist-block.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, value);
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(value) {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    {
+      function value() {}
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d33acbdd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    function value() {}
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a133afcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    function value() {}
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a133afcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/function-hoist.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    function value() {}
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-callee.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-callee.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcd1ec224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-callee.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([{ y: x.y }]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x.y.fn()
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-computed.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-computed.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38d517469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-computed.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+function outer() {
+  const x = {}
+  const k = 'y'
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([x, k]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x,k] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x[k].z
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-dedupe.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-dedupe.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4f6f74db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-dedupe.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([{ y: x.y, w: x.w }]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return [x.y.z, x.y, x.w, x.w.v]
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-optional.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-optional.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..629110a07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-optional.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+function outer() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([x]));
+}
+
+function outer2() {
+  const a = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_1_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_1_action").bind(null, __enc([{ b: a.b }]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x?.y.z
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
+
+;export async function $$hoist_1_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [a] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return a.b?.c
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_1_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-proto.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-proto.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..722967536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-proto.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([{ ["__proto__"]: { y: x.__proto__.y }, a: { ["__proto__"]: { b: x.a.__proto__.b } } }]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return [x.__proto__.y, x.a.__proto__.b]
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-root.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-root.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32139085c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-root.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([x]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return [x.y.z, Object.keys(x)]
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-siblings.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-siblings.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0187235a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-siblings.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([{ y: { z: x.y.z, w: x.y.w } }]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return [x.y.z, x.y.w]
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-unsupported.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-unsupported.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf6a2e1f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain-unsupported.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+function outer1() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([x]));
+}
+
+function outer2() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_1_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_1_action").bind(null, __enc([{ y: x.y }]));
+}
+
+function outer3() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_2_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_2_action").bind(null, __enc([x]));
+}
+
+function outer4() {
+  const x = {}
+  const y = 'y'
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_3_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_3_action").bind(null, __enc([x, y]));
+}
+
+function outer5() {
+  const x = {}
+  const k = 'k'
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_4_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_4_action").bind(null, __enc([{ y: x.y }, k]));
+}
+
+function outer6() {
+  const x = {}
+  const y = 'y'
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_5_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_5_action").bind(null, __enc([x, y]));
+}
+
+function outer7() {
+  const a = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_6_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_6_action").bind(null, __enc([{ b: a.b }]));
+}
+
+function outer8() {
+  const a = {}
+  const b = 'b'
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_7_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_7_action").bind(null, __enc([a, b]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x?.y.z
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
+
+;export async function $$hoist_1_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x.y?.z
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_1_action, "name", { value: "action" });
+
+;export async function $$hoist_2_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x?.y?.z
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_2_action, "name", { value: "action" });
+
+;export async function $$hoist_3_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x,y] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x[y].z
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_3_action, "name", { value: "action" });
+
+;export async function $$hoist_4_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x,k] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x.y[k]
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_4_action, "name", { value: "action" });
+
+;export async function $$hoist_5_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x,y] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x[y]?.z
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_5_action, "name", { value: "action" });
+
+;export async function $$hoist_6_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [a] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return a.b?.c
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_6_action, "name", { value: "action" });
+
+;export async function $$hoist_7_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [a,b] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return a[b].c
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_7_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45025b608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/member-chain.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const x = {}
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([{ y: { z: x.y.z } }]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [x] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    return x.y.z
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/named-function-expression-self-ref.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/named-function-expression-self-ref.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27d2f227d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/named-function-expression-self-ref.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// TODO: named function expression self-reference `self` is left dangling in hoisted body
+function outer(count) {
+  const action = async function self(n) {
+    'use server'
+    if (n > 0) return self(n - 1)
+    return count
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/named-function-expression-self-ref.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/named-function-expression-self-ref.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cde5076af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/named-function-expression-self-ref.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// TODO: named function expression self-reference `self` is left dangling in hoisted body
+function outer(count) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([count]))
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded, n) {
+    const [count] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    if (n > 0) return self(n - 1)
+    return count
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/named-function-expression-self-ref.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/named-function-expression-self-ref.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a3e4e729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/named-function-expression-self-ref.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// TODO: named function expression self-reference `self` is left dangling in hoisted body
+function outer(count) {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, count)
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(count, n) {
+    'use server'
+    if (n > 0) return self(n - 1)
+    return count
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/outer-binding-used-in-nested-block.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/outer-binding-used-in-nested-block.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5eb91928e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/outer-binding-used-in-nested-block.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      return value
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/outer-binding-used-in-nested-block.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/outer-binding-used-in-nested-block.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6534bbf48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/outer-binding-used-in-nested-block.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([value]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [value] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      return value
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/outer-binding-used-in-nested-block.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/outer-binding-used-in-nested-block.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b269a3214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/outer-binding-used-in-nested-block.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, value);
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(value) {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      return value
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/reexport-import-not-bound.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/reexport-import-not-bound.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf657b194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/reexport-import-not-bound.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export { redirect } from 'react-router/rsc'
+import { redirect } from 'react-router/rsc'
+
+export default () => {
+  const f = async () => {
+    'use server'
+    throw redirect()
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/reexport-import-not-bound.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/reexport-import-not-bound.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c8c83965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/reexport-import-not-bound.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+export { redirect } from 'react-router/rsc'
+import { redirect } from 'react-router/rsc'
+
+export default () => {
+  const f = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_f, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_f")
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_f() {
+    'use server'
+    throw redirect()
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_f, "name", { value: "f" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/reexport-import-not-bound.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/reexport-import-not-bound.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c8c83965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/reexport-import-not-bound.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+export { redirect } from 'react-router/rsc'
+import { redirect } from 'react-router/rsc'
+
+export default () => {
+  const f = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_f, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_f")
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_f() {
+    'use server'
+    throw redirect()
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_f, "name", { value: "f" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-inner-shadow.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-inner-shadow.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9645f189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-inner-shadow.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function Parent() {
+  const count = 0
+
+  async function recurse(n) {
+    'use server'
+    const result = (function recurse(m) {
+      return m > 0 ? recurse(m - 1) : 0
+    })(n)
+    return count + result
+  }
+
+  return recurse
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-inner-shadow.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-inner-shadow.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5599b1f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-inner-shadow.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+function Parent() {
+  const count = 0
+
+  const recurse = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_recurse, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_recurse").bind(null, __enc([count]));
+
+  return recurse
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_recurse($$hoist_encoded, n) {
+    const [count] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    const result = (function recurse(m) {
+      return m > 0 ? recurse(m - 1) : 0
+    })(n)
+    return count + result
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_recurse, "name", { value: "recurse" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-inner-shadow.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-inner-shadow.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf424225c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-inner-shadow.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+function Parent() {
+  const count = 0
+
+  const recurse = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_recurse, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_recurse").bind(null, count);
+
+  return recurse
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_recurse(count, n) {
+    'use server'
+    const result = (function recurse(m) {
+      return m > 0 ? recurse(m - 1) : 0
+    })(n)
+    return count + result
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_recurse, "name", { value: "recurse" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-nested-function.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-nested-function.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..853d7498f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-nested-function.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// TODO: recursive action bound to itself causes TDZ (`const recurse = $$register(...).bind(null, recurse, ...)`)
+function Parent() {
+  const count = 0
+
+  async function recurse(n) {
+    'use server'
+    const helper = () => recurse(n - 1)
+    return count + helper()
+  }
+
+  return recurse
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-nested-function.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-nested-function.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..224cdbaa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-nested-function.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// TODO: recursive action bound to itself causes TDZ (`const recurse = $$register(...).bind(null, recurse, ...)`)
+function Parent() {
+  const count = 0
+
+  const recurse = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_recurse, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_recurse").bind(null, __enc([recurse, count]));
+
+  return recurse
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_recurse($$hoist_encoded, n) {
+    const [recurse,count] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    const helper = () => recurse(n - 1)
+    return count + helper()
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_recurse, "name", { value: "recurse" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-nested-function.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-nested-function.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..360d8dabe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/self-ref-nested-function.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// TODO: recursive action bound to itself causes TDZ (`const recurse = $$register(...).bind(null, recurse, ...)`)
+function Parent() {
+  const count = 0
+
+  const recurse = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_recurse, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_recurse").bind(null, recurse, count);
+
+  return recurse
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_recurse(recurse, count, n) {
+    'use server'
+    const helper = () => recurse(n - 1)
+    return count + helper()
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_recurse, "name", { value: "recurse" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-param.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-param.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8a6e9bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-param.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+function buildAction(cookies) {
+  async function submitAction(formData) {
+    'use server'
+    const cookies = formData.get('value')
+    return cookies
+  }
+
+  return submitAction
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-param.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-param.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a56a0e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-param.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+function buildAction(cookies) {
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction");
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction(formData) {
+    'use server'
+    const cookies = formData.get('value')
+    return cookies
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-param.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-param.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a56a0e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-param.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+function buildAction(cookies) {
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction");
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction(formData) {
+    'use server'
+    const cookies = formData.get('value')
+    return cookies
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-var.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-var.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd3b27de3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-var.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  async function submitAction(formData) {
+    'use server'
+    const cookies = formData.get('value')
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  }
+
+  return submitAction
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-var.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-var.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1cd516a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-var.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction").bind(null, __enc([config]));
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction($$hoist_encoded, formData) {
+    const [config] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    const cookies = formData.get('value')
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-var.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-var.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60b1e3882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-const-outer-var.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction").bind(null, config);
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction(config, formData) {
+    'use server'
+    const cookies = formData.get('value')
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-destructured-local.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-destructured-local.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4af960931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-destructured-local.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  async function submitAction(formData) {
+    'use server'
+    const { cookies } = parseForm(formData)
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  }
+
+  return submitAction
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-destructured-local.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-destructured-local.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0066032e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-destructured-local.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction").bind(null, __enc([config]));
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction($$hoist_encoded, formData) {
+    const [config] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    const { cookies } = parseForm(formData)
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-destructured-local.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-destructured-local.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5c27dd3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-destructured-local.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction").bind(null, config);
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction(config, formData) {
+    'use server'
+    const { cookies } = parseForm(formData)
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-and-if-block-over-outer-local.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-and-if-block-over-outer-local.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a3b0e963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-and-if-block-over-outer-local.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 0
+      return value
+    }
+    const value = 0
+    return value
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-and-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-and-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b49ef17ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-and-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 0
+      return value
+    }
+    const value = 0
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-and-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-and-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b49ef17ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-and-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 0
+      return value
+    }
+    const value = 0
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-over-outer-local.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-over-outer-local.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1ab82945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-over-outer-local.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    const value = 0
+    return value
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bb8ca657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    const value = 0
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-over-outer-local.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-over-outer-local.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bb8ca657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-body-over-outer-local.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    const value = 0
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-global.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-global.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dec2967b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-global.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-global.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-global.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40c4bb213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-global.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-global.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-global.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40c4bb213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-global.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6aca5b304
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ff577738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ff577738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-local.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-local.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdf14762f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-local.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 0
+      return value
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85a5c64c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 0
+      return value
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85a5c64c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-local-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 0
+      return value
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-global.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-global.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2f923599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-global.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+    return value
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-global.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-global.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b2077000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-global.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-global.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-global.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b2077000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-global.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..941f42176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+    return value
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99edc5dd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([value]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [value] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33d23c45c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-and-global.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+const value = 0
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, value);
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(value) {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-local.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-local.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a04f1276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-local.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+    return value
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..425761c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, __enc([value]));
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action($$hoist_encoded) {
+    const [value] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f98c9f642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-partial-if-block-over-outer-local.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, value);
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action(value) {
+    'use server'
+    if (true) {
+      const value = 1
+      return value
+    }
+    return value
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-nested-block.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-nested-block.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..910fc9d2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-nested-block.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  async function submitAction(formData) {
+    'use server'
+    if (condition) {
+      var cookies = formData.get('value')
+    }
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  }
+
+  return submitAction
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-nested-block.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-nested-block.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5600b97f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-nested-block.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction").bind(null, __enc([config]));
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction($$hoist_encoded, formData) {
+    const [config] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    if (condition) {
+      var cookies = formData.get('value')
+    }
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-nested-block.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-nested-block.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0bd158a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-nested-block.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction").bind(null, config);
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction(config, formData) {
+    'use server'
+    if (condition) {
+      var cookies = formData.get('value')
+    }
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-top-body.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-top-body.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70d2a57c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-top-body.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  async function submitAction(formData) {
+    'use server'
+    var cookies = formData.get('value')
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  }
+
+  return submitAction
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-top-body.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-top-body.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..620e2d3ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-top-body.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction").bind(null, __enc([config]));
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction($$hoist_encoded, formData) {
+    const [config] = __dec($$hoist_encoded);
+'use server'
+    var cookies = formData.get('value')
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-top-body.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-top-body.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..378dc4405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/shadow-var-top-body.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+function buildAction(config) {
+  const cookies = getCookies()
+
+  const submitAction = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_submitAction, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_submitAction").bind(null, config);
+
+  return submitAction
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_submitAction(config, formData) {
+    'use server'
+    var cookies = formData.get('value')
+    return doSomething(config, cookies)
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_submitAction, "name", { value: "submitAction" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist-block.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist-block.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f41698bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist-block.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    {
+      var value = 1
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist-block.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist-block.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35a91af0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist-block.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    {
+      var value = 1
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist-block.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist-block.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35a91af0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist-block.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    {
+      var value = 1
+    }
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7eef631e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  async function action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    var value = 1
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist.js.snap.encode.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist.js.snap.encode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66c9170ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist.js.snap.encode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    var value = 1
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist.js.snap.js b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist.js.snap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66c9170ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/fixtures/hoist/var-hoist.js.snap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function outer() {
+  const value = 0
+  const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
+}
+
+;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
+    'use server'
+    console.log({ value })
+    var value = 1
+  };
+/* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/hoist.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/hoist.test.ts
index d6b9b642c..3dde6bc91 100644
--- a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/hoist.test.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/hoist.test.ts
@@ -6,24 +6,42 @@ import { debugSourceMap } from './test-utils'
 
 describe('fixtures', () => {
   const fixtures = import.meta.glob(
-    ['./fixtures/hoist/**/*.js', '!**/*.snap.js'],
+    ['./fixtures/hoist/**/*.js', '!**/*.snap.*'],
     {
       query: 'raw',
     },
   )
+
+  async function transformFixture(
+    input: string,
+    options?: { encode?: boolean },
+  ) {
+    const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
+    const { output } = transformHoistInlineDirective(input, ast, {
+      directive: 'use server',
+      runtime: (value, name) =>
+        `$$register(${value}, "<id>", ${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
+      encode: options?.encode ? (v) => `__enc(${v})` : undefined,
+      decode: options?.encode ? (v) => `__dec(${v})` : undefined,
+    })
+    if (!output.hasChanged()) {
+      return '/* NO CHANGE */'
+    }
+    const transformed = output.toString()
+    // verify transform produces valid js
+    await parseAstAsync(transformed)
+    return transformed
+  }
+
   for (const [file, mod] of Object.entries(fixtures)) {
     it(path.basename(file), async () => {
       const input = ((await mod()) as any).default as string
-      const ast = await parseAstAsync(input)
-      const result = transformHoistInlineDirective(input, ast, {
-        runtime: (value, name) =>
-          `$$register(${value}, "<id>", ${JSON.stringify(name)})`,
-        directive: 'use server',
-      })
-      const snapshot = result.output.hasChanged()
-        ? result.output.toString()
-        : '/* NO CHANGE */'
-      await expect(snapshot).toMatchFileSnapshot(file + '.snap.js')
+      await expect
+        .soft(await transformFixture(input))
+        .toMatchFileSnapshot(file + '.snap.js')
+      await expect
+        .soft(await transformFixture(input, { encode: true }))
+        .toMatchFileSnapshot(file + '.snap.encode.js')
     })
   }
 })
@@ -57,7 +75,9 @@ describe(transformHoistInlineDirective, () => {
     if (process.env['DEBUG_SOURCEMAP']) {
       await debugSourceMap(output)
     }
-    return output.toString()
+    const transformed = output.toString()
+    await parseAstAsync(transformed)
+    return transformed
   }
 
   async function testTransformNames(input: string) {
@@ -488,546 +508,4 @@ export async function test() {
       "
     `)
   })
-
-  // ok: should not bind
-  it('shadowing local if over local', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    if (true) {
-      const value = 0;
-      return value;
-    }
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
-          "use server";
-          if (true) {
-            const value = 0;
-            return value;
-          }
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // ok: should not bind
-  it('shadowing local body over local', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    const value = 0;
-    return value;
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
-          "use server";
-          const value = 0;
-          return value;
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // ok: should not bind
-  it('shadowing local body and if over local', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    if (true) {
-      const value = 0;
-      return value;
-    }
-    const value = 0;
-    return value;
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
-          "use server";
-          if (true) {
-            const value = 0;
-            return value;
-          }
-          const value = 0;
-          return value;
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // ok: should bind
-  it('shadowing partial local over local', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    if (true) {
-      const value = 1;
-      return value;
-    }
-    return value;
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, value);
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action(value) {
-          "use server";
-          if (true) {
-            const value = 1;
-            return value;
-          }
-          return value;
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // ok: should not bind
-  it('shadowing local over global', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-const value = 0;
-function outer() {
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    if (true) {
-      const value = 1;
-      return value;
-    }
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "const value = 0;
-      function outer() {
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
-          "use server";
-          if (true) {
-            const value = 1;
-            return value;
-          }
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // ok: should not bind
-  it('shadowing partial local over global', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-const value = 0;
-function outer() {
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    if (true) {
-      const value = 1;
-      return value;
-    }
-    return value;
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "const value = 0;
-      function outer() {
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
-          "use server";
-          if (true) {
-            const value = 1;
-            return value;
-          }
-          return value;
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // ok: should not bind
-  it('shadowing local over local over global', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-const value = 0;
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    if (true) {
-      const value = 1;
-      return value;
-    }
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "const value = 0;
-      function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
-          "use server";
-          if (true) {
-            const value = 1;
-            return value;
-          }
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // ok: should bind
-  it('shadowing partial local over local over global', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-const value = 0;
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    if (true) {
-      const value = 1;
-      return value;
-    }
-    return value;
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "const value = 0;
-      function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, value);
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action(value) {
-          "use server";
-          if (true) {
-            const value = 1;
-            return value;
-          }
-          return value;
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  it('deeper', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    if (true) {
-      return value;
-    }
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, value);
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action(value) {
-          "use server";
-          if (true) {
-            return value;
-          }
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  it('var hoisting', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    console.log({ value })
-    var value = 1;
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
-          "use server";
-          console.log({ value })
-          var value = 1;
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  it('var hoisting block', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    console.log({ value })
-    {
-      var value = 1;
-    }
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
-          "use server";
-          console.log({ value })
-          {
-            var value = 1;
-          }
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  it('function hoisting', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    console.log({ value })
-    function value() {}
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action");
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action() {
-          "use server";
-          console.log({ value })
-          function value() {}
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  it('function hoisting block', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const value = 0;
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    console.log({ value })
-    {
-      function value() {}
-    }
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const value = 0;
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, value);
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action(value) {
-          "use server";
-          console.log({ value })
-          {
-            function value() {}
-          }
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // TODO: follow up if this edge case matters.
-  // Next.js's closure-collection logic suggests recursive self-reference is also
-  // treated as a captured outer name, but we didn't find a direct fixture proving the
-  // final emitted shape. Our current output self-binds `action`, which is suspicious
-  // enough to leave as an intentionally-unverified edge case.
-  it('recursion', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  async function action() {
-    "use server";
-    if (false) {
-      return action();
-    }
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, action);
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action(action) {
-          "use server";
-          if (false) {
-            return action();
-          }
-          return 0;
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  it('computed destructuring key in body', async () => {
-    const input = `\
-function outer() {
-  const key = 'value'
-  async function action(data) {
-    "use server";
-    const { [key]: val } = data
-    return val
-  }
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "function outer() {
-        const key = 'value'
-        const action = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_action, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_action").bind(null, key);
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_action(key, data) {
-          "use server";
-          const { [key]: val } = data
-          return val
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_action, "name", { value: "action" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // Edge case: writing to a captured local only mutates the hoisted action's bound
-  // parameter copy, not the original outer binding. Next.js appears to have the same
-  // effective behavior, although via `$$ACTION_ARG_n` rewriting instead of plain params.
-  it('assignment', async () => {
-    const input = `
-function Counter() {
-  let local = 0;
-
-  async function updateLocal() {
-    "use server";
-    local = 1;
-  }
-
-  return "something";
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "
-      function Counter() {
-        let local = 0;
-
-        const updateLocal = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_updateLocal").bind(null, local);
-
-        return "something";
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_updateLocal(local) {
-          "use server";
-          local = 1;
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "name", { value: "updateLocal" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
-
-  // Same framing as plain assignment above: mutating a captured local is local to the
-  // hoisted invocation copy. This is probably an unintended edge case rather than a
-  // behavior worth matching exactly.
-  it('increment', async () => {
-    const input = `
-function Counter() {
-  let local = 0;
-
-  async function updateLocal() {
-    "use server";
-    local++;
-  }
-
-  return "something";
-}
-`
-    expect(await testTransform(input)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "
-      function Counter() {
-        let local = 0;
-
-        const updateLocal = /* #__PURE__ */ $$register($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "<id>", "$$hoist_0_updateLocal").bind(null, local);
-
-        return "something";
-      }
-
-      ;export async function $$hoist_0_updateLocal(local) {
-          "use server";
-          local++;
-        };
-      /* #__PURE__ */ Object.defineProperty($$hoist_0_updateLocal, "name", { value: "updateLocal" });
-      "
-    `)
-  })
 })