Split up the monster ci.yml workflow (#7472)

## Summary

`ci.yml` is reaching 1000 lines of YAML, which no one wants. This PR
splits into 5 files:
1. ci.yml - now only contains linters and test runs
2. codspeed.yml - just codspeed benchmarks
3. cuda.yaml - all the cuda incantations
4. publish-dry-runs.yaml - all the dark magic that we have to try and
make sure we can actually publish
5. rust-instrumented.yaml - rust-specific jobs that require nightly and
some extra instrumentations (coverage, miri, etc)

The real magic here is that there are no changes to the job names, so
all rules still apply!

This also makes github retries much easier, as github only allows
retries after the whole workflow finishes.

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Signed-off-by: Adam Gutglick <adam@spiraldb.com>

Author: AdamGS