perf: Add Arc::ptr_eq short-circuit to DType equality comparisons

FieldName, FieldNames, and StructFields all wrap Arc types but their
derived PartialEq always dereferences through the Arc to compare
contents. Since DTypes are frequently cloned (every slice, filter,
execute copies the DType), the cloned Arcs share pointers — making
pointer equality a reliable fast path.

This is especially impactful for struct DTypes with many fields (e.g.
ClickBench's 105-column `hits` table), where each DType comparison
previously required 105 string comparisons through Arc indirection.

DataFusion ClickBench full-suite apmc measurement (vortex):
- Cycles: -6.3% (861B → 807B)
- IPC: +6.7% (1.88 → 2.01)
- MAP_STALL: -7.2% (360B → 334B)
- Instructions: unchanged (same code paths, just early exit)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Signed-off-by: Alexander Droste <alexander.droste@protonmail.com>

Author: 0ax1

vortex-array/public-api.lock

@@ -9758,7 +9758,7 @@ pub fn vortex_array::dtype::FieldName::cmp(&self, other: &vortex_array::dtype::F
 
 impl core::cmp::PartialEq for vortex_array::dtype::FieldName
 
-pub fn vortex_array::dtype::FieldName::eq(&self, other: &vortex_array::dtype::FieldName) -> bool
+pub fn vortex_array::dtype::FieldName::eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool
 
 impl core::cmp::PartialEq<&alloc::string::String> for vortex_array::dtype::FieldName
 
@@ -9832,8 +9832,6 @@ impl core::hash::Hash for vortex_array::dtype::FieldName
 
 pub fn vortex_array::dtype::FieldName::hash<__H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)
 
-impl core::marker::StructuralPartialEq for vortex_array::dtype::FieldName
-
 pub struct vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames(_)
 
 impl vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames
@@ -9858,7 +9856,7 @@ impl core::cmp::Eq for vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames
 
 impl core::cmp::PartialEq for vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames
 
-pub fn vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames::eq(&self, other: &vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames) -> bool
+pub fn vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames::eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool
 
 impl core::cmp::PartialEq<&[&str]> for &vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames
 
@@ -9928,8 +9926,6 @@ pub type vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames::Item = vortex_array::dtype::FieldName
 
 pub fn vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames::into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter
 
-impl core::marker::StructuralPartialEq for vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames
-
 impl core::ops::index::Index<usize> for vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames
 
 pub type vortex_array::dtype::FieldNames::Output = vortex_array::dtype::FieldName
@@ -10170,7 +10166,7 @@ impl core::cmp::Eq for vortex_array::dtype::StructFields
 
 impl core::cmp::PartialEq for vortex_array::dtype::StructFields
 
-pub fn vortex_array::dtype::StructFields::eq(&self, other: &vortex_array::dtype::StructFields) -> bool
+pub fn vortex_array::dtype::StructFields::eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool
 
 impl core::default::Default for vortex_array::dtype::StructFields
 
@@ -10188,8 +10184,6 @@ impl core::hash::Hash for vortex_array::dtype::StructFields
 
 pub fn vortex_array::dtype::StructFields::hash<__H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)
 
-impl core::marker::StructuralPartialEq for vortex_array::dtype::StructFields
-
 impl vortex_array::dtype::arrow::FromArrowType<&arrow_schema::fields::Fields> for vortex_array::dtype::StructFields
 
 pub fn vortex_array::dtype::StructFields::from_arrow(value: &arrow_schema::fields::Fields) -> Self

vortex-array/src/dtype/field_names.rs

@@ -10,9 +10,16 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use vortex_utils::aliases::StringEscape;
 
 /// A name for a field in a struct.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+#[allow(clippy::derived_hash_with_manual_eq)] // manual PartialEq adds Arc::ptr_eq fast path only
 pub struct FieldName(Arc<str>);
 
+impl PartialEq for FieldName {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        Arc::ptr_eq(&self.0, &other.0) || *self.0 == *other.0
+    }
+}
+
 impl FieldName {
     /// Returns a reference to the inner string
     pub fn inner(&self) -> &Arc<str> {
@@ -139,10 +146,17 @@ impl From<FieldName> for Arc<str> {
 }
 
 /// An ordered list of field names in a struct.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Default, Hash)]
+#[derive(Clone, Eq, Debug, Default, Hash)]
+#[allow(clippy::derived_hash_with_manual_eq)] // manual PartialEq adds Arc::ptr_eq fast path only
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
 pub struct FieldNames(Arc<[FieldName]>);
 
+impl PartialEq for FieldNames {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        Arc::ptr_eq(&self.0, &other.0) || *self.0 == *other.0
+    }
+}
+
 impl fmt::Display for FieldNames {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(

vortex-array/src/dtype/struct_.rs

@@ -138,9 +138,16 @@ impl FieldDTypeInner {
 /// // Accessing a field by name will yield the first
 /// assert_eq!(fields.field("int_col").unwrap(), DType::Primitive(PType::I32, Nullability::Nullable));
 /// ```
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Clone, Eq, Hash)]
+#[allow(clippy::derived_hash_with_manual_eq)] // manual PartialEq adds Arc::ptr_eq fast path only
 pub struct StructFields(Arc<StructFieldsInner>);
 
+impl PartialEq for StructFields {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        Arc::ptr_eq(&self.0, &other.0) || self.0 == other.0
+    }
+}
+
 impl std::fmt::Debug for StructFields {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("StructFields")