diff --git a/java/vortex-spark/src/test/java/dev/vortex/spark/ArrowUtilsTest.java b/java/vortex-spark/src/test/java/dev/vortex/spark/ArrowUtilsTest.java
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+++ b/java/vortex-spark/src/test/java/dev/vortex/spark/ArrowUtilsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
+
+package dev.vortex.spark;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import dev.vortex.relocated.org.apache.arrow.vector.types.DateUnit;
+import dev.vortex.relocated.org.apache.arrow.vector.types.FloatingPointPrecision;
+import dev.vortex.relocated.org.apache.arrow.vector.types.TimeUnit;
+import dev.vortex.relocated.org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.ArrowType;
+import dev.vortex.relocated.org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.Field;
+import dev.vortex.relocated.org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.FieldType;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataType;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataTypes;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link ArrowUtils}, which maps Arrow types to Spark SQL {@link DataType}s.
+ *
+ * <p>Characterizes both the supported mappings and the type configurations that are explicitly rejected, so that
+ * regressions in either direction are caught.
+ */
+final class ArrowUtilsTest {
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Bool maps to BooleanType")
+    void boolMapsToBoolean() {
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.BooleanType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Bool()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Signed integers map to the matching Spark integral types by bit width")
+    void signedIntegersMapByWidth() {
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.ByteType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Int(8, true)));
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.ShortType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Int(16, true)));
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.IntegerType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Int(32, true)));
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.LongType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Int(64, true)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Single/double floating point map to Float/Double")
+    void floatingPointMapsByPrecision() {
+        assertEquals(
+                DataTypes.FloatType,
+                ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.FloatingPoint(FloatingPointPrecision.SINGLE)));
+        assertEquals(
+                DataTypes.DoubleType,
+                ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.FloatingPoint(FloatingPointPrecision.DOUBLE)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Decimal preserves precision and scale")
+    void decimalPreservesPrecisionAndScale() {
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.createDecimalType(20, 4), ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Decimal(20, 4, 128)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Utf8 and LargeUtf8 map to StringType")
+    void utf8MapsToString() {
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.StringType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Utf8()));
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.StringType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.LargeUtf8()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Binary and LargeBinary map to BinaryType")
+    void binaryMapsToBinary() {
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.BinaryType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Binary()));
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.BinaryType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.LargeBinary()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Date(DAY) maps to DateType")
+    void dateDayMapsToDate() {
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.DateType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Date(DateUnit.DAY)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Timestamp(MICROSECOND) maps to Timestamp with tz, TimestampNTZ without")
+    void timestampMapsByTimezonePresence() {
+        assertEquals(
+                DataTypes.TimestampType,
+                ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Timestamp(TimeUnit.MICROSECOND, "UTC")));
+        assertEquals(
+                DataTypes.TimestampNTZType,
+                ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Timestamp(TimeUnit.MICROSECOND, null)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Null maps to NullType")
+    void nullMapsToNull() {
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.NullType, ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Null()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("fromArrowField builds a StructType from nested children")
+    void structFieldBuildsStructType() {
+        Field struct = new Field(
+                "s",
+                FieldType.nullable(new ArrowType.Struct()),
+                List.of(
+                        new Field("a", FieldType.nullable(new ArrowType.Int(32, true)), null),
+                        new Field("b", FieldType.notNullable(new ArrowType.Utf8()), null)));
+
+        DataType expected = DataTypes.createStructType(new org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructField[] {
+            DataTypes.createStructField("a", DataTypes.IntegerType, true),
+            DataTypes.createStructField("b", DataTypes.StringType, false)
+        });
+        assertEquals(expected, ArrowUtils.fromArrowField(struct));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("fromArrowField builds an ArrayType carrying the element's nullability")
+    void listFieldBuildsArrayType() {
+        Field list = new Field(
+                "l",
+                FieldType.nullable(new ArrowType.List()),
+                List.of(new Field("element", FieldType.nullable(new ArrowType.Int(32, true)), null)));
+
+        assertEquals(DataTypes.createArrayType(DataTypes.IntegerType, true), ArrowUtils.fromArrowField(list));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Unsigned integers are unsupported")
+    void unsignedIntegerIsUnsupported() {
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Int(32, false)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Half-precision floating point is unsupported")
+    void halfPrecisionFloatIsUnsupported() {
+        assertThrows(
+                UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+                () -> ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.FloatingPoint(FloatingPointPrecision.HALF)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Non-DAY date units are unsupported")
+    void millisecondDateIsUnsupported() {
+        assertThrows(
+                UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+                () -> ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Date(DateUnit.MILLISECOND)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Non-microsecond timestamp units are unsupported")
+    void secondTimestampIsUnsupported() {
+        assertThrows(
+                UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+                () -> ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Timestamp(TimeUnit.SECOND, "UTC")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Unrecognized Arrow types raise IllegalArgumentException")
+    void unrecognizedTypeIsIllegalArgument() {
+        assertThrows(
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> ArrowUtils.fromArrowType(new ArrowType.Duration(TimeUnit.SECOND)));
+    }
+}