diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 4eb34133a..ea11aea0f 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ repos:
 
   # Standard hooks
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v5.0.0
+    rev: v6.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-added-large-files
       - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ repos:
 
   # Clang format
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v20.1.8
+    rev: v21.1.0
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types_or: [c++, c, cuda]
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ repos:
 
   # Ruff, the Python auto-correcting linter/formatter written in Rust
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.12.5
+    rev: v0.12.12
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
diff --git a/xcsf/pybind_callback.h b/xcsf/pybind_callback.h
index 6a67954df..e0d306e9b 100644
--- a/xcsf/pybind_callback.h
+++ b/xcsf/pybind_callback.h
@@ -38,12 +38,10 @@ extern "C" {
  */
 class Callback
 {
-  public:
+public:
     virtual ~Callback() {}
 
-    virtual bool
-    run(struct XCSF *xcsf, py::dict metrics) = 0;
+    virtual bool run(struct XCSF * xcsf, py::dict metrics) = 0;
 
-    virtual void
-    finish(struct XCSF *xcsf) = 0;
+    virtual void finish(struct XCSF * xcsf) = 0;
 };
diff --git a/xcsf/pybind_callback_checkpoint.h b/xcsf/pybind_callback_checkpoint.h
index eea88a4c3..f2fee5f26 100644
--- a/xcsf/pybind_callback_checkpoint.h
+++ b/xcsf/pybind_callback_checkpoint.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ extern "C" {
  */
 class CheckpointCallback : public Callback
 {
-  public:
+public:
     /**
      * @brief Constructs a new checkpoint callback.
      * @param [in] monitor Name of the metric to monitor: {"train", "val"}.
@@ -74,8 +74,7 @@ class CheckpointCallback : public Callback
      * @brief Saves the state of XCSF.
      * @param [in] xcsf The XCSF data structure.
      */
-    void
-    save(struct XCSF *xcsf)
+    void save(struct XCSF * xcsf)
     {
         xcsf_save(xcsf, filename.c_str());
         std::ostringstream status;
@@ -90,8 +89,7 @@ class CheckpointCallback : public Callback
      * @param [in] metrics Dictionary of performance metrics.
      * @return Whether to terminate training.
      */
-    bool
-    run(struct XCSF *xcsf, py::dict metrics) override
+    bool run(struct XCSF * xcsf, py::dict metrics) override
     {
         py::list data = metrics[monitor];
         py::list trials = metrics["trials"];
@@ -113,15 +111,14 @@ class CheckpointCallback : public Callback
      * @brief Executes any tasks at the end of fitting.
      * @param [in] xcsf The XCSF data structure.
      */
-    void
-    finish(struct XCSF *xcsf) override
+    void finish(struct XCSF * xcsf) override
     {
         if (!save_best_only) {
             save(xcsf);
         }
     }
 
-  private:
+private:
     py::str monitor; //!< Name of the metric to monitor
     std::string filename; //!< Name of the file to save XCSF
     bool save_best_only; //!< Whether to only save the best population
diff --git a/xcsf/pybind_callback_earlystop.h b/xcsf/pybind_callback_earlystop.h
index 22da07164..e65d0bf78 100644
--- a/xcsf/pybind_callback_earlystop.h
+++ b/xcsf/pybind_callback_earlystop.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ extern "C" {
  */
 class EarlyStoppingCallback : public Callback
 {
-  public:
+public:
     /**
      * @brief Constructs a new early stopping callback.
      * @param [in] monitor Name of the metric to monitor: {"train", "val"}.
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@ class EarlyStoppingCallback : public Callback
      * @brief Stores best XCSF population in memory.
      * @param [in] xcsf The XCSF data structure.
      */
-    void
-    store(struct XCSF *xcsf)
+    void store(struct XCSF * xcsf)
     {
         do_restore = true;
         xcsf_store_pset(xcsf);
@@ -100,8 +99,7 @@ class EarlyStoppingCallback : public Callback
      * @brief Retrieves best XCSF population in memory.
      * @param [in] xcsf The XCSF data structure.
      */
-    void
-    retrieve(struct XCSF *xcsf)
+    void retrieve(struct XCSF * xcsf)
     {
         do_restore = false;
         xcsf_retrieve_pset(xcsf);
@@ -121,8 +119,7 @@ class EarlyStoppingCallback : public Callback
      * @param [in] metrics Dictionary of performance metrics.
      * @return whether early stopping criteria has been met.
      */
-    bool
-    run(struct XCSF *xcsf, py::dict metrics) override
+    bool run(struct XCSF * xcsf, py::dict metrics) override
     {
         py::list data = metrics[monitor];
         py::list trials = metrics["trials"];
@@ -156,15 +153,14 @@ class EarlyStoppingCallback : public Callback
      * @brief Executes any tasks at the end of fitting.
      * @param [in] xcsf The XCSF data structure.
      */
-    void
-    finish(struct XCSF *xcsf) override
+    void finish(struct XCSF * xcsf) override
     {
         if (restore && do_restore) {
             retrieve(xcsf);
         }
     }
 
-  private:
+private:
     py::str monitor; //!< Name of the metric to monitor
     int patience; //!< Stop training after this many trials with no improvement
     bool restore; //!< Whether to restore the best population