From e0eb5f04a5551d4b2b82546f0c8d1ca0a10f8c64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 11:04:45 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/15] Add per-phase timing profile script across program
 sizes

---
 scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh | 237 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 237 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh

diff --git a/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..671118662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Per-phase timing profile across program sizes.
+# Shows how each proving phase and sub-operation scales with program size.
+#
+# Usage: bench_timing_profile.sh [--no-build] [--programs "1M 2M 4M 8M"]
+#
+# Requires: instruments feature.
+# Timing is deterministic with instruments, so 1 run per size is enough.
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
+TMP_DIR="/tmp/bench_timing_profile"
+ELF_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/program_artifacts/asm"
+
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+BOLD='\033[1m'
+NC='\033[0m'
+
+BUILD=true
+PROGRAMS="500k 1M 2M 4M"
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case $1 in
+        --no-build) BUILD=false; shift ;;
+        --programs) PROGRAMS="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+        *) echo "Unknown arg: $1"; exit 1 ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+suffix_to_steps() {
+    case $1 in
+        160k) echo 160000 ;; 250k) echo 250000 ;; 372k) echo 372000 ;;
+        500k) echo 500000 ;; 1M) echo 1000000 ;; 1200k) echo 1200000 ;;
+        2M) echo 2000000 ;; 4M) echo 4000000 ;; 8M) echo 8000000 ;;
+        16M) echo 16000000 ;; 32M) echo 32000000 ;; 64M) echo 64000000 ;; 128M) echo 128000000 ;;
+        *) echo "Unknown: $1" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+rm -rf "$TMP_DIR" && mkdir -p "$TMP_DIR"
+
+if $BUILD; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Building CLI with instruments...${NC}"
+    cargo build --release -p cli --features instruments \
+        --manifest-path "$ROOT_DIR/Cargo.toml" 2>&1 | tail -1
+fi
+CLI="$ROOT_DIR/target/release/cli"
+
+# Parse instruments stderr into key=value pairs.
+# Uses occurrence counting to disambiguate expand_pool_to_lde and commit (Merkle).
+parse_timing() {
+    awk '
+    BEGIN { lde_n = 0; merkle_n = 0 }
+    function secs(    s) {
+        if (match($0, /[0-9]+\.[0-9]+s/)) {
+            s = substr($0, RSTART, RLENGTH - 1)
+            return s
+        }
+        return ""
+    }
+    /^  Execute / { v = secs(); if (v) print "execute=" v }
+    /^  Trace build/ { v = secs(); if (v) print "trace_build=" v }
+    /^  AIR construction/ { v = secs(); if (v) print "air=" v }
+    /^  Pre-pass/ { v = secs(); if (v) print "prepass=" v }
+    /^  Round 1 / { v = secs(); if (v) print "round1=" v }
+    /Main trace commits/ { v = secs(); if (v) print "main_commits=" v }
+    /Aux trace build/ { v = secs(); if (v) print "aux_build=" v }
+    /Aux trace commit/ { v = secs(); if (v) print "aux_commit=" v }
+    /Rounds 2/ { v = secs(); if (v) print "rounds24=" v }
+    /expand_pool_to_lde/ && !/R1  expand/ {
+        lde_n++; v = secs()
+        if (v && lde_n == 1) print "main_lde=" v
+        if (v && lde_n == 2) print "aux_lde=" v
+    }
+    /commit \(Merkle\)/ {
+        merkle_n++; v = secs()
+        if (v && merkle_n == 1) print "main_merkle=" v
+        if (v && merkle_n == 2) print "aux_merkle=" v
+    }
+    /R1  expand_pool_to_lde/ { v = secs(); if (v) print "r1_lde=" v }
+    /R2  evaluate/           { v = secs(); if (v) print "r2_evaluate=" v }
+    /R2  decompose/          { v = secs(); if (v) print "r2_decompose=" v }
+    /R2  commit_comp/        { v = secs(); if (v) print "r2_commit_comp=" v }
+    /R3  OOD/                { v = secs(); if (v) print "r3_ood=" v }
+    /R4  deep_comp/          { v = secs(); if (v) print "r4_deep_comp=" v }
+    /R4  interpolate/        { v = secs(); if (v) print "r4_interp=" v }
+    /R4  fri::commit/        { v = secs(); if (v) print "r4_fri_commit=" v }
+    /R4  queries/            { v = secs(); if (v) print "r4_queries=" v }
+    /^  Total FFT/    { v = secs(); if (v) print "total_fft=" v }
+    /^  Total Merkle/ { v = secs(); if (v) print "total_merkle=" v }
+    /^  TOTAL /       { v = secs(); if (v) print "total=" v }
+    ' "$1"
+}
+
+for size in $PROGRAMS; do
+    ELF="$ELF_DIR/fib_iterative_${size}.elf"
+    [ -f "$ELF" ] || { echo "Missing: $ELF"; continue; }
+    steps=$(suffix_to_steps "$size")
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Running fib_iterative_${size}...${NC}"
+
+    STDERR="$TMP_DIR/${size}_stderr.txt"
+    "$CLI" prove "$ELF" -o "$TMP_DIR/proof.bin" 2>"$STDERR" >/dev/null
+    rm -f "$TMP_DIR/proof.bin"
+
+    echo "steps=$steps" > "$TMP_DIR/${size}_data.txt"
+    parse_timing "$STDERR" >> "$TMP_DIR/${size}_data.txt"
+done
+
+# --- Display ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+get_val() {
+    grep "^${2}=" "$1" 2>/dev/null | cut -d= -f2
+}
+
+print_section() {
+    local title=$1; shift
+
+    echo ""
+    echo -e "  ${BOLD}${title}${NC}"
+    printf "  %-30s" ""
+    for size in $PROGRAMS; do printf " %9s" "$size"; done
+    echo ""
+    printf "  %-30s" ""
+    for size in $PROGRAMS; do printf " %9s" "─────────"; done
+    echo ""
+
+    for spec in "$@"; do
+        local label="${spec%%:*}"
+        local key="${spec#*:}"
+        printf "  %-30s" "$label"
+        for size in $PROGRAMS; do
+            local DATA="$TMP_DIR/${size}_data.txt"
+            local val
+            val=$(get_val "$DATA" "$key")
+            if [ -n "$val" ]; then
+                printf " %8.2fs" "$val"
+            else
+                printf " %9s" "-"
+            fi
+        done
+        echo ""
+    done
+}
+
+echo ""
+echo -e "${BOLD}=== TIMING PROFILE ACROSS SIZES ===${NC}"
+
+TABLE_K="${TABLE_PARALLELISM:-default (cores/3)}"
+echo -e "  TABLE_PARALLELISM=$TABLE_K"
+
+print_section "Phase (wall time)" \
+    "TOTAL:total" \
+    "Execute:execute" \
+    "Trace build:trace_build" \
+    "AIR construction:air" \
+    "Pre-pass:prepass" \
+    "Round 1:round1" \
+    "Rounds 2-4:rounds24"
+
+print_section "Round 1 breakdown (CPU sum)" \
+    "Main LDE:main_lde" \
+    "Main Merkle:main_merkle" \
+    "Aux build (wall):aux_build" \
+    "Aux LDE:aux_lde" \
+    "Aux Merkle:aux_merkle"
+
+print_section "Rounds 2-4 sub-ops (CPU sum)" \
+    "R1 LDE (reconstruct):r1_lde" \
+    "R2 decompose+extend:r2_decompose" \
+    "R2 evaluate:r2_evaluate" \
+    "R2 commit comp poly:r2_commit_comp" \
+    "R3 OOD evaluation:r3_ood" \
+    "R4 deep comp evals:r4_deep_comp" \
+    "R4 interpolate+evaluate:r4_interp" \
+    "R4 FRI commit:r4_fri_commit" \
+    "R4 queries & openings:r4_queries"
+
+print_section "Cross-round totals (CPU sum)" \
+    "Total FFT:total_fft" \
+    "Total Merkle:total_merkle"
+
+# --- Growth rate -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+echo ""
+echo -e "${BOLD}=== GROWTH RATE (per 1M steps) ===${NC}"
+echo ""
+
+for spec in \
+    "TOTAL:total" \
+    "Trace build:trace_build" \
+    "Round 1:round1" \
+    "Rounds 2-4:rounds24" \
+    "Main LDE:main_lde" \
+    "Aux LDE:aux_lde" \
+    "R1 LDE (reconstruct):r1_lde" \
+    "R2 decompose+extend:r2_decompose" \
+    "R3 OOD evaluation:r3_ood" \
+    "Total FFT:total_fft" \
+    "Total Merkle:total_merkle"
+do
+    label="${spec%%:*}"
+    key="${spec#*:}"
+
+    PAIRS=""
+    for size in $PROGRAMS; do
+        DATA="$TMP_DIR/${size}_data.txt"
+        [ -f "$DATA" ] || continue
+        steps=$(get_val "$DATA" "steps")
+        val=$(get_val "$DATA" "$key")
+        [ -z "$val" ] && continue
+        steps_m=$(awk "BEGIN {printf \"%.2f\", $steps / 1000000}")
+        PAIRS="$PAIRS $steps_m $val"
+    done
+
+    echo "$PAIRS" | awk -v label="$label" '{
+        n = NF / 2
+        if (n < 2) { printf "  %-30s  (insufficient data)\n", label; next }
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            x[i] = $(2*i+1); y[i] = $(2*i+2)
+        }
+        sx=0; sy=0; sxx=0; sxy=0
+        for (i=0;i<n;i++) { sx+=x[i]; sy+=y[i]; sxx+=x[i]*x[i]; sxy+=x[i]*y[i] }
+        denom = n*sxx - sx*sx
+        if (denom == 0) { printf "  %-30s  (constant)\n", label; next }
+        b = (n*sxy - sx*sy) / denom
+        a = (sy - b*sx) / n
+        ym = sy/n; ss_tot=0; ss_res=0
+        for (i=0;i<n;i++) { p=a+b*x[i]; ss_res+=(y[i]-p)^2; ss_tot+=(y[i]-ym)^2 }
+        r2 = (ss_tot>0) ? 1 - ss_res/ss_tot : 1
+        printf "  %-30s  %+.2fs/M steps  (base: %.2fs, R\xc2\xb2=%.3f)\n", label, b, a, r2
+    }'
+done
+
+echo ""
+echo "Raw data in $TMP_DIR/"

From d8f95f3022283c6cf7046d93f5e508a0039da295 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 19:04:03 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 02/15] Convert bench programs to std and add env var scaling

---
 .../bench/bitwise_ops/.cargo/config.toml      |   4 +-
 .../programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.lock     | 324 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.toml     |   1 +
 .../programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs    |  32 +-
 executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs    |  17 +-
 .../bench/matrix_multiply/.cargo/config.toml  |   4 +-
 .../programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.lock | 324 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.toml |   1 +
 .../bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs         |  36 +-
 .../bench/modular_exp/.cargo/config.toml      |   4 +-
 .../programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.lock     | 324 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.toml     |   1 +
 .../programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs    |  38 +-
 13 files changed, 1056 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/.cargo/config.toml b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/.cargo/config.toml
index debd9f441..ca99a3f45 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [target.riscv64im-lambda-vm-elf]
 rustflags = [
-  "-C", "link-arg=-e",
-  "-C", "link-arg=main"
+  "--cfg", "getrandom_backend=\"custom\"",
+  "-C", "passes=lower-atomic"
 ]
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.lock b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.lock
index 5a0b821ed..b295da50b 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.lock
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,6 +2,330 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
+[[package]]
+name = "base64"
+version = "0.13.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e1b586273c5702936fe7b7d6896644d8be71e6314cfe09d3167c95f712589e8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitwise_ops"
 version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "lambda-vm-syscalls",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-if"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "const-default"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b396d1f76d455557e1218ec8066ae14bba60b4b36ecd55577ba979f5db7ecaa"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "790eea4361631c5e7d22598ecd5723ff611904e3344ce8720784c93e3d83d40b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "embedded-alloc"
+version = "0.6.0"
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+checksum = "8f2de9133f68db0d4627ad69db767726c99ff8585272716708227008d3f1bddd"
+dependencies = [
+ "const-default",
+ "critical-section",
+ "linked_list_allocator",
+ "rlsf",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "embedded-hal"
+version = "1.0.0"
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+
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+checksum = "ff2abc00be7fca6ebc474524697ae276ad847ad0a6b3faa4bcb027e9a4614ad0"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "wasi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "899def5c37c4fd7b2664648c28120ecec138e4d395b459e5ca34f9cce2dd77fd"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi",
+ "wasip2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lambda-vm-syscalls"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "embedded-alloc",
+ "getrandom 0.2.17",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "rand",
+ "riscv",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
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+
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+
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+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+dependencies = [
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+[[package]]
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+dependencies = [
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+[[package]]
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+dependencies = [
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+ "rand_core",
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+[[package]]
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+ "svgbobdoc",
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+dependencies = [
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+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+ "unicode-width",
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+ "unicode-ident",
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+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror-impl",
+]
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+[[package]]
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+checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-ident"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.8.48"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.8.48"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.toml b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.toml
index 0063e8ef0..671c062d9 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.toml
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
+lambda-vm-syscalls = { path = "../../../../syscalls" }
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs
index c22e16fe6..622d59b8e 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
-#![no_std]
-#![no_main]
+use lambda_vm_syscalls as syscalls;
 
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-const ITERATIONS: usize = 286000;
+const ITERATIONS: usize = {
+    const fn parse(s: &str) -> usize {
+        let b = s.as_bytes();
+        let mut r = 0;
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < b.len() {
+            r = r * 10 + (b[i] - b'0') as usize;
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        r
+    }
+    match option_env!("ITERATIONS") {
+        Some(s) => parse(s),
+        None => 286000,
+    }
+};
 
 #[inline(never)]
 fn bitwise_mix(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
@@ -18,8 +25,7 @@ fn bitwise_mix(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
     x.wrapping_add(y).wrapping_add(z)
 }
 
-#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
-pub fn main() -> u32 {
+pub fn main() {
     let mut result = 0x12345678u32;
     let mut i = 0;
 
@@ -30,5 +36,5 @@ pub fn main() -> u32 {
         i += 1;
     }
 
-    result
+    syscalls::syscalls::commit(&result.to_le_bytes());
 }
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs b/executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs
index 7b180a469..e497eb0e5 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,22 @@
 use lambda_vm_syscalls as syscalls;
 use tiny_keccak::Hasher;
 
-const ITERATIONS: usize = 1000;
+const ITERATIONS: usize = {
+    const fn parse(s: &str) -> usize {
+        let b = s.as_bytes();
+        let mut r = 0;
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < b.len() {
+            r = r * 10 + (b[i] - b'0') as usize;
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        r
+    }
+    match option_env!("ITERATIONS") {
+        Some(s) => parse(s),
+        None => 1000,
+    }
+};
 
 pub fn main() {
     let mut output = [0u8; 32];
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/.cargo/config.toml b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/.cargo/config.toml
index debd9f441..ca99a3f45 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [target.riscv64im-lambda-vm-elf]
 rustflags = [
-  "-C", "link-arg=-e",
-  "-C", "link-arg=main"
+  "--cfg", "getrandom_backend=\"custom\"",
+  "-C", "passes=lower-atomic"
 ]
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.lock b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.lock
index acb0bf52c..c8d6627db 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.lock
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,6 +2,330 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
+[[package]]
+name = "base64"
+version = "0.13.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e1b586273c5702936fe7b7d6896644d8be71e6314cfe09d3167c95f712589e8"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-if"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b396d1f76d455557e1218ec8066ae14bba60b4b36ecd55577ba979f5db7ecaa"
+
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+
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+checksum = "8f2de9133f68db0d4627ad69db767726c99ff8585272716708227008d3f1bddd"
+dependencies = [
+ "const-default",
+ "critical-section",
+ "linked_list_allocator",
+ "rlsf",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "361a90feb7004eca4019fb28352a9465666b24f840f5c3cddf0ff13920590b89"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.2.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ff2abc00be7fca6ebc474524697ae276ad847ad0a6b3faa4bcb027e9a4614ad0"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "wasi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "899def5c37c4fd7b2664648c28120ecec138e4d395b459e5ca34f9cce2dd77fd"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi",
+ "wasip2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lambda-vm-syscalls"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "embedded-alloc",
+ "getrandom 0.2.17",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "rand",
+ "riscv",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lazy_static"
+version = "1.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libc"
+version = "0.2.185"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "52ff2c0fe9bc6cb6b14a0592c2ff4fa9ceb83eea9db979b0487cd054946a2b8f"
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "9afa463f5405ee81cdb9cc2baf37e08ec7e4c8209442b5d72c04cfb2cd6e6286"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "matrix_multiply"
 version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "lambda-vm-syscalls",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "paste"
+version = "1.0.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro2"
+version = "1.0.106"
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+checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
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+ "unicode-ident",
+]
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+checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
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+ "proc-macro2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "69cdb34c158ceb288df11e18b4bd39de994f6657d83847bdffdbd7f346754b0f"
+
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+dependencies = [
+ "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.9.5"
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+checksum = "76afc826de14238e6e8c374ddcc1fa19e374fd8dd986b0d2af0d02377261d83c"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "riscv"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b05cfa3f7b30c84536a9025150d44d26b8e1cc20ddf436448d74cd9591eefb25"
+dependencies = [
+ "critical-section",
+ "embedded-hal",
+ "paste",
+ "riscv-macros",
+ "riscv-pac",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "riscv-macros"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7d323d13972c1b104aa036bc692cd08b822c8bbf23d79a27c526095856499799"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "riscv-pac"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8188909339ccc0c68cfb5a04648313f09621e8b87dc03095454f1a11f6c5d436"
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "1646a59a9734b8b7a0ac51689388a60fe1625d4b956348e9de07591a1478457a"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "const-default",
+ "libc",
+ "rustversion",
+ "svgbobdoc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.22"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "f2c04b93fc15d79b39c63218f15e3fdffaa4c227830686e3b7c5f41244eb3e50"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "1.0.109"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
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+checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
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+[[package]]
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+checksum = "b6aaf5339b578ea85b50e080feb250a3e8ae8cfcdff9a461c9ec2904bc923f52"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror-impl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "1.0.69"
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+checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
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+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+
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+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ccf3ec651a847eb01de73ccad15eb7d99f80485de043efb2f370cd654f4ea44b"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "1.0.2+wasi-0.2.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9517f9239f02c069db75e65f174b3da828fe5f5b945c4dd26bd25d89c03ebcf5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy"
+version = "0.8.48"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.8.48"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.toml b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.toml
index a44fff4da..ca898e450 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.toml
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
+lambda-vm-syscalls = { path = "../../../../syscalls" }
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs
index b3309e0a9..b6e50ebcb 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
-#![no_std]
-#![no_main]
+use lambda_vm_syscalls as syscalls;
 
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-const SIZE: usize = 81;
+const SIZE: usize = {
+    const fn parse(s: &str) -> usize {
+        let b = s.as_bytes();
+        let mut r = 0;
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < b.len() {
+            r = r * 10 + (b[i] - b'0') as usize;
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        r
+    }
+    match option_env!("SIZE") {
+        Some(s) => parse(s),
+        None => 81,
+    }
+};
 
 #[inline(never)]
 fn matrix_multiply(a: &[[u32; SIZE]; SIZE], b: &[[u32; SIZE]; SIZE], result: &mut [[u32; SIZE]; SIZE]) {
@@ -44,25 +51,20 @@ fn init_matrix(m: &mut [[u32; SIZE]; SIZE], seed: u32) {
     }
 }
 
-#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
-pub fn main() -> u32 {
+pub fn main() {
     let mut a = [[0u32; SIZE]; SIZE];
     let mut b = [[0u32; SIZE]; SIZE];
     let mut result = [[0u32; SIZE]; SIZE];
 
-    // Initialize matrices with pseudo-random values
     init_matrix(&mut a, 12345);
     init_matrix(&mut b, 67890);
-
-    // Perform matrix multiplication
     matrix_multiply(&a, &b, &mut result);
 
-    // Return checksum: sum of diagonal elements
     let mut checksum = 0u32;
     let mut i = 0;
     while i < SIZE {
         checksum = checksum.wrapping_add(result[i][i]);
         i += 1;
     }
-    checksum
+    syscalls::syscalls::commit(&checksum.to_le_bytes());
 }
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/.cargo/config.toml b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/.cargo/config.toml
index debd9f441..ca99a3f45 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [target.riscv64im-lambda-vm-elf]
 rustflags = [
-  "-C", "link-arg=-e",
-  "-C", "link-arg=main"
+  "--cfg", "getrandom_backend=\"custom\"",
+  "-C", "passes=lower-atomic"
 ]
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.lock b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.lock
index e3da22ca0..623d222cd 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.lock
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,6 +2,330 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
+[[package]]
+name = "base64"
+version = "0.13.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e1b586273c5702936fe7b7d6896644d8be71e6314cfe09d3167c95f712589e8"
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "9330f8b2ff13f34540b44e946ef35111825727b38d33286ef986142615121801"
+
+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
+name = "critical-section"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "790eea4361631c5e7d22598ecd5723ff611904e3344ce8720784c93e3d83d40b"
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8f2de9133f68db0d4627ad69db767726c99ff8585272716708227008d3f1bddd"
+dependencies = [
+ "const-default",
+ "critical-section",
+ "linked_list_allocator",
+ "rlsf",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "embedded-hal"
+version = "1.0.0"
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+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "ff2abc00be7fca6ebc474524697ae276ad847ad0a6b3faa4bcb027e9a4614ad0"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "wasi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "899def5c37c4fd7b2664648c28120ecec138e4d395b459e5ca34f9cce2dd77fd"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi",
+ "wasip2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lambda-vm-syscalls"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "embedded-alloc",
+ "getrandom 0.2.17",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "rand",
+ "riscv",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lazy_static"
+version = "1.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libc"
+version = "0.2.185"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "52ff2c0fe9bc6cb6b14a0592c2ff4fa9ceb83eea9db979b0487cd054946a2b8f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "linked_list_allocator"
+version = "0.10.5"
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+checksum = "9afa463f5405ee81cdb9cc2baf37e08ec7e4c8209442b5d72c04cfb2cd6e6286"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "modular_exp"
 version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "lambda-vm-syscalls",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "paste"
+version = "1.0.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ppv-lite86"
+version = "0.2.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro2"
+version = "1.0.106"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quote"
+version = "1.0.45"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "r-efi"
+version = "5.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "69cdb34c158ceb288df11e18b4bd39de994f6657d83847bdffdbd7f346754b0f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.9.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "44c5af06bb1b7d3216d91932aed5265164bf384dc89cd6ba05cf59a35f5f76ea"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_chacha"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "76afc826de14238e6e8c374ddcc1fa19e374fd8dd986b0d2af0d02377261d83c"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "riscv"
+version = "0.15.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b05cfa3f7b30c84536a9025150d44d26b8e1cc20ddf436448d74cd9591eefb25"
+dependencies = [
+ "critical-section",
+ "embedded-hal",
+ "paste",
+ "riscv-macros",
+ "riscv-pac",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "riscv-macros"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7d323d13972c1b104aa036bc692cd08b822c8bbf23d79a27c526095856499799"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "riscv-pac"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8188909339ccc0c68cfb5a04648313f09621e8b87dc03095454f1a11f6c5d436"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rlsf"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1646a59a9734b8b7a0ac51689388a60fe1625d4b956348e9de07591a1478457a"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "const-default",
+ "libc",
+ "rustversion",
+ "svgbobdoc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.22"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "svgbobdoc"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f2c04b93fc15d79b39c63218f15e3fdffaa4c227830686e3b7c5f41244eb3e50"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "1.0.109"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "2.0.117"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6aaf5339b578ea85b50e080feb250a3e8ae8cfcdff9a461c9ec2904bc923f52"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror-impl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror-impl"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-ident"
+version = "1.0.24"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.1.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7dd6e30e90baa6f72411720665d41d89b9a3d039dc45b8faea1ddd07f617f6af"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasi"
+version = "0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ccf3ec651a847eb01de73ccad15eb7d99f80485de043efb2f370cd654f4ea44b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasip2"
+version = "1.0.2+wasi-0.2.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9517f9239f02c069db75e65f174b3da828fe5f5b945c4dd26bd25d89c03ebcf5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy"
+version = "0.8.48"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eed437bf9d6692032087e337407a86f04cd8d6a16a37199ed57949d415bd68e9"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.8.48"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "70e3cd084b1788766f53af483dd21f93881ff30d7320490ec3ef7526d203bad4"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.toml b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.toml
index c4a7fb705..250a81e45 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.toml
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
+lambda-vm-syscalls = { path = "../../../../syscalls" }
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs
index 0fd0fe8cc..6af21968e 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
-#![no_std]
-#![no_main]
-
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-const NUM_ITERATIONS: usize = 20600;
+use lambda_vm_syscalls as syscalls;
+
+const NUM_ITERATIONS: usize = {
+    const fn parse(s: &str) -> usize {
+        let b = s.as_bytes();
+        let mut r = 0;
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < b.len() {
+            r = r * 10 + (b[i] - b'0') as usize;
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        r
+    }
+    match option_env!("NUM_ITERATIONS") {
+        Some(s) => parse(s),
+        None => 20600,
+    }
+};
 
 #[inline(never)]
 fn mod_exp(base: u32, exp: u32, modulus: u32) -> u32 {
@@ -32,27 +39,24 @@ fn mod_exp(base: u32, exp: u32, modulus: u32) -> u32 {
     result as u32
 }
 
-#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
-pub fn main() -> u32 {
+pub fn main() {
     let mut checksum = 0u32;
     let mut base = 2u32;
     let mut exp = 1000u32;
-    let mut modulus = 1000000007u32; // Large prime
+    let mut modulus = 1000000007u32;
 
     let mut i = 0;
     while i < NUM_ITERATIONS {
         let result = mod_exp(base, exp, modulus);
         checksum = checksum.wrapping_add(result);
 
-        // Vary the parameters for each iteration
         base = base.wrapping_mul(3).wrapping_add(1) % 1000;
         if base == 0 { base = 2; }
         exp = exp.wrapping_add(7) % 10000;
         if exp == 0 { exp = 1; }
-        // Keep modulus as large prime for meaningful computation
 
         i += 1;
     }
 
-    checksum
+    syscalls::syscalls::commit(&checksum.to_le_bytes());
 }

From f9fa8ac445ce61e620f71111c45210db35ce95f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 19:04:16 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/15] Add script to build bench programs at different sizes

---
 scripts/build_bench_sizes.sh | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 scripts/build_bench_sizes.sh

diff --git a/scripts/build_bench_sizes.sh b/scripts/build_bench_sizes.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..203d25f76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/build_bench_sizes.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Build a bench program at multiple sizes via env var.
+# Places ELFs in executor/program_artifacts/bench/ with size suffix.
+#
+# Usage: build_bench_sizes.sh <program> <env_var> <values...>
+# Example: build_bench_sizes.sh modular_exp NUM_ITERATIONS 5000 10000 20000
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
+BENCH_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/programs/bench"
+ARTIFACTS_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/program_artifacts/bench"
+TARGET_SPEC="$ROOT_DIR/executor/programs/riscv64im-lambda-vm-elf.json"
+SHARED_TARGET_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/programs/target"
+
+program=$1; shift
+env_var=$1; shift
+
+if [ ! -d "$BENCH_DIR/$program" ]; then
+    echo "Error: $BENCH_DIR/$program not found" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$ARTIFACTS_DIR"
+
+for val in "$@"; do
+    echo "Building ${program} with ${env_var}=${val}..."
+
+    cd "$BENCH_DIR/$program"
+    env CARGO_TARGET_DIR="$SHARED_TARGET_DIR" "${env_var}=${val}" \
+        rustup run nightly-2026-02-01 cargo build --release \
+            --target "$TARGET_SPEC" \
+            -Z build-std=core,alloc,std,compiler_builtins,panic_abort \
+            -Z build-std-features=compiler-builtins-mem \
+            -Z json-target-spec 2>&1 | tail -1
+
+    cp "$SHARED_TARGET_DIR/riscv64im-lambda-vm-elf/release/$program" \
+       "$ARTIFACTS_DIR/${program}_${val}.elf"
+
+    echo "  -> ${program}_${val}.elf"
+done
+
+echo "Done."

From f84e785f1baca98dd71e1471421d91ee4481cc16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2026 19:09:53 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/15] Add --program flag to timing and heap profile scripts

---
 scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh   | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh b/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh
index d3add6782..abde5991b 100755
--- a/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh
+++ b/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 # Per-phase heap profile across program sizes.
 # Shows where heap grows and how each phase scales with program size.
 #
-# Usage: bench_heap_profile.sh [--no-build] [--programs "500k 1M 2M 4M"]
+# Usage: bench_heap_profile.sh [--no-build] [--programs "500k 1M 2M 4M"] [--program fib_iterative]
+#
+# --program: which program to profile (default: fib_iterative)
+#   fib_iterative: uses asm/ ELFs, sizes like 500k/1M/2M
+#   modular_exp, bitwise_ops, matrix_multiply, keccak: uses bench/ ELFs, sizes are iteration counts
 #
 # Requires: instruments + jemalloc-stats features.
 # Peak heap is deterministic, so 1 run per size is enough.
@@ -19,23 +23,37 @@ BOLD='\033[1m'
 NC='\033[0m'
 
 BUILD=true
-PROGRAMS="500k 1M 2M 4M"
+PROGRAM="fib_iterative"
+PROGRAMS=""
 
 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
     case $1 in
         --no-build) BUILD=false; shift ;;
+        --program) PROGRAM="$2"; shift 2 ;;
         --programs) PROGRAMS="$2"; shift 2 ;;
         *) echo "Unknown arg: $1"; exit 1 ;;
     esac
 done
 
+# Set defaults and ELF directory based on program
+if [ "$PROGRAM" = "fib_iterative" ]; then
+    ELF_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/program_artifacts/asm"
+    [ -z "$PROGRAMS" ] && PROGRAMS="500k 1M 2M 4M"
+else
+    ELF_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/program_artifacts/bench"
+    if [ -z "$PROGRAMS" ]; then
+        echo "Error: --programs required for bench programs" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+fi
+
 suffix_to_steps() {
     case $1 in
         160k) echo 160000 ;; 250k) echo 250000 ;; 372k) echo 372000 ;;
         500k) echo 500000 ;; 1M) echo 1000000 ;; 1200k) echo 1200000 ;;
         2M) echo 2000000 ;; 4M) echo 4000000 ;; 8M) echo 8000000 ;;
         16M) echo 16000000 ;; 32M) echo 32000000 ;; 64M) echo 64000000 ;; 128M) echo 128000000 ;;
-        *) echo "Unknown: $1" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+        *) echo "$1" ;;  # bench programs: size is the iteration count
     esac
 }
 
@@ -52,10 +70,10 @@ CLI="$ROOT_DIR/target/release/cli"
 PHASES="execute trace_build air pool_alloc main_commits aux_build aux_commit"
 
 for size in $PROGRAMS; do
-    ELF="$ELF_DIR/fib_iterative_${size}.elf"
+    ELF="$ELF_DIR/${PROGRAM}_${size}.elf"
     [ -f "$ELF" ] || { echo "Missing: $ELF"; continue; }
     steps=$(suffix_to_steps "$size")
-    echo -e "${GREEN}Running fib_iterative_${size}...${NC}"
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Running ${PROGRAM}_${size}...${NC}"
 
     STDERR="$TMP_DIR/${size}_stderr.txt"
     STDOUT="$TMP_DIR/${size}_stdout.txt"
@@ -220,7 +238,7 @@ for size in $PROGRAMS; do
     PEAK_PAIRS="$PEAK_PAIRS $steps_m $peak"
 done
 
-echo "$PEAK_PAIRS" | awk '{
+echo "$PEAK_PAIRS" | awk -v prog="$PROGRAM" '{
     n = NF / 2
     if (n < 2) { print "  (insufficient data)"; next }
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { x[i] = $(2*i+1); y[i] = $(2*i+2) }
@@ -242,7 +260,7 @@ echo "$PEAK_PAIRS" | awk '{
         if (abs >= 1000000)  lbl = sprintf("%gM", abs / 1000000)
         else if (abs >= 1000) lbl = sprintf("%gk", abs / 1000)
         else                  lbl = sprintf("%g", abs)
-        printf "  fib_iterative_%-6s  ~%.0f MB  (~%.0f GB)\n", lbl, pred, pred/1024
+        printf "  %-20s  ~%.0f MB  (~%.0f GB)\n", prog "_" lbl, pred, pred/1024
     }
 }'
 
diff --git a/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
index 671118662..67f1e5278 100755
--- a/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
+++ b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 # Per-phase timing profile across program sizes.
 # Shows how each proving phase and sub-operation scales with program size.
 #
-# Usage: bench_timing_profile.sh [--no-build] [--programs "1M 2M 4M 8M"]
+# Usage: bench_timing_profile.sh [--no-build] [--programs "1M 2M 4M 8M"] [--program fib_iterative]
+#
+# --program: which program to profile (default: fib_iterative)
+#   fib_iterative: uses asm/ ELFs, sizes like 500k/1M/2M
+#   modular_exp, bitwise_ops, matrix_multiply, keccak: uses bench/ ELFs, sizes are iteration counts
 #
 # Requires: instruments feature.
 # Timing is deterministic with instruments, so 1 run per size is enough.
@@ -19,23 +23,37 @@ BOLD='\033[1m'
 NC='\033[0m'
 
 BUILD=true
-PROGRAMS="500k 1M 2M 4M"
+PROGRAM="fib_iterative"
+PROGRAMS=""
 
 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
     case $1 in
         --no-build) BUILD=false; shift ;;
+        --program) PROGRAM="$2"; shift 2 ;;
         --programs) PROGRAMS="$2"; shift 2 ;;
         *) echo "Unknown arg: $1"; exit 1 ;;
     esac
 done
 
+# Set defaults and ELF directory based on program
+if [ "$PROGRAM" = "fib_iterative" ]; then
+    ELF_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/program_artifacts/asm"
+    [ -z "$PROGRAMS" ] && PROGRAMS="500k 1M 2M 4M"
+else
+    ELF_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/program_artifacts/bench"
+    if [ -z "$PROGRAMS" ]; then
+        echo "Error: --programs required for bench programs" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+fi
+
 suffix_to_steps() {
     case $1 in
         160k) echo 160000 ;; 250k) echo 250000 ;; 372k) echo 372000 ;;
         500k) echo 500000 ;; 1M) echo 1000000 ;; 1200k) echo 1200000 ;;
         2M) echo 2000000 ;; 4M) echo 4000000 ;; 8M) echo 8000000 ;;
         16M) echo 16000000 ;; 32M) echo 32000000 ;; 64M) echo 64000000 ;; 128M) echo 128000000 ;;
-        *) echo "Unknown: $1" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+        *) echo "$1" ;;  # bench programs: size is the iteration count
     esac
 }
 
@@ -95,10 +113,10 @@ parse_timing() {
 }
 
 for size in $PROGRAMS; do
-    ELF="$ELF_DIR/fib_iterative_${size}.elf"
+    ELF="$ELF_DIR/${PROGRAM}_${size}.elf"
     [ -f "$ELF" ] || { echo "Missing: $ELF"; continue; }
     steps=$(suffix_to_steps "$size")
-    echo -e "${GREEN}Running fib_iterative_${size}...${NC}"
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Running ${PROGRAM}_${size}...${NC}"
 
     STDERR="$TMP_DIR/${size}_stderr.txt"
     "$CLI" prove "$ELF" -o "$TMP_DIR/proof.bin" 2>"$STDERR" >/dev/null

From c68cffa60fd3fa8c6d99909ce720acc5f7cdf429 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 13:48:01 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/15] Bump regression precision for small iteration counts

---
 scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
index 67f1e5278..83f4cecd0 100755
--- a/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
+++ b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ do
         steps=$(get_val "$DATA" "steps")
         val=$(get_val "$DATA" "$key")
         [ -z "$val" ] && continue
-        steps_m=$(awk "BEGIN {printf \"%.2f\", $steps / 1000000}")
+        steps_m=$(awk "BEGIN {printf \"%.6f\", $steps / 1000000}")
         PAIRS="$PAIRS $steps_m $val"
     done
 

From bcbd0b279c3388a94872b49249cf4362fad48df3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 14:37:51 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/15] Add profile_all script with per-program output subdirs

---
 scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh   |  2 ++
 scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh |  2 ++
 scripts/profile_all.sh          | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 53 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 scripts/profile_all.sh

diff --git a/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh b/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh
index abde5991b..561b46ca3 100755
--- a/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh
+++ b/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ else
     fi
 fi
 
+TMP_DIR="$TMP_DIR/$PROGRAM"
+
 suffix_to_steps() {
     case $1 in
         160k) echo 160000 ;; 250k) echo 250000 ;; 372k) echo 372000 ;;
diff --git a/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
index 83f4cecd0..0e84e4ab2 100755
--- a/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
+++ b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ else
     fi
 fi
 
+TMP_DIR="$TMP_DIR/$PROGRAM"
+
 suffix_to_steps() {
     case $1 in
         160k) echo 160000 ;; 250k) echo 250000 ;; 372k) echo 372000 ;;
diff --git a/scripts/profile_all.sh b/scripts/profile_all.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78eff2562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/profile_all.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Run heap and timing profiles on all prepared bench programs.
+# Output:
+#   /tmp/bench_heap_profile/<program>/
+#   /tmp/bench_timing_profile/<program>/
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
+
+# program env_var sizes
+# env_var="-" means fib_iterative (prebuilt ELFs, no build step)
+CONFIGS=(
+    "fib_iterative   -               500k 1M 2M"
+    "keccak          ITERATIONS      200 500 1000"
+    "modular_exp     NUM_ITERATIONS  5000 10000 20000 40000"
+    "bitwise_ops     ITERATIONS      50000 100000 200000 400000"
+    "matrix_multiply SIZE            20 40 60 80"
+)
+
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+NC='\033[0m'
+
+echo -e "${GREEN}Building CLI with jemalloc-stats + instruments...${NC}"
+cargo build --release -p cli --features jemalloc-stats,instruments \
+    --manifest-path "$ROOT_DIR/Cargo.toml" 2>&1 | tail -1
+
+for config in "${CONFIGS[@]}"; do
+    read -r prog env_var sizes <<< "$config"
+
+    echo ""
+    echo -e "${GREEN}=== $prog ===${NC}"
+
+    if [ "$env_var" != "-" ]; then
+        bash "$SCRIPT_DIR/build_bench_sizes.sh" "$prog" "$env_var" $sizes
+    fi
+
+    bash "$SCRIPT_DIR/bench_heap_profile.sh" --no-build \
+        --program "$prog" --programs "$sizes"
+
+    bash "$SCRIPT_DIR/bench_timing_profile.sh" --no-build \
+        --program "$prog" --programs "$sizes"
+done
+
+echo ""
+echo "Results:"
+echo "  Heap:   /tmp/bench_heap_profile/<program>/"
+echo "  Timing: /tmp/bench_timing_profile/<program>/"

From f46188e6e26a6d677d1a6ef9e7561bdcb5d37c88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 14:39:42 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] Add --no-heap and --no-timing flags to profile_all

---
 scripts/profile_all.sh | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/profile_all.sh b/scripts/profile_all.sh
index 78eff2562..03ab90f22 100755
--- a/scripts/profile_all.sh
+++ b/scripts/profile_all.sh
@@ -3,12 +3,24 @@
 # Output:
 #   /tmp/bench_heap_profile/<program>/
 #   /tmp/bench_timing_profile/<program>/
+#
+# Flags: --no-heap, --no-timing to skip either profile type.
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
 
+HEAP=true
+TIMING=true
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case $1 in
+        --no-heap)   HEAP=false; shift ;;
+        --no-timing) TIMING=false; shift ;;
+        *) echo "Unknown arg: $1"; exit 1 ;;
+    esac
+done
+
 # program env_var sizes
 # env_var="-" means fib_iterative (prebuilt ELFs, no build step)
 CONFIGS=(
@@ -22,8 +34,11 @@ CONFIGS=(
 GREEN='\033[0;32m'
 NC='\033[0m'
 
-echo -e "${GREEN}Building CLI with jemalloc-stats + instruments...${NC}"
-cargo build --release -p cli --features jemalloc-stats,instruments \
+FEATURES="instruments"
+$HEAP && FEATURES="jemalloc-stats,instruments"
+
+echo -e "${GREEN}Building CLI with $FEATURES...${NC}"
+cargo build --release -p cli --features "$FEATURES" \
     --manifest-path "$ROOT_DIR/Cargo.toml" 2>&1 | tail -1
 
 for config in "${CONFIGS[@]}"; do
@@ -36,14 +51,18 @@ for config in "${CONFIGS[@]}"; do
         bash "$SCRIPT_DIR/build_bench_sizes.sh" "$prog" "$env_var" $sizes
     fi
 
-    bash "$SCRIPT_DIR/bench_heap_profile.sh" --no-build \
-        --program "$prog" --programs "$sizes"
+    if $HEAP; then
+        bash "$SCRIPT_DIR/bench_heap_profile.sh" --no-build \
+            --program "$prog" --programs "$sizes"
+    fi
 
-    bash "$SCRIPT_DIR/bench_timing_profile.sh" --no-build \
-        --program "$prog" --programs "$sizes"
+    if $TIMING; then
+        bash "$SCRIPT_DIR/bench_timing_profile.sh" --no-build \
+            --program "$prog" --programs "$sizes"
+    fi
 done
 
 echo ""
 echo "Results:"
-echo "  Heap:   /tmp/bench_heap_profile/<program>/"
-echo "  Timing: /tmp/bench_timing_profile/<program>/"
+$HEAP   && echo "  Heap:   /tmp/bench_heap_profile/<program>/"
+$TIMING && echo "  Timing: /tmp/bench_timing_profile/<program>/"

From 6bf41afded3a8dde275f9ac890e6b48bec10c243 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 14:40:36 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 08/15] Rename profile_all to profile_suite

---
 scripts/{profile_all.sh => profile_suite.sh} | 0
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename scripts/{profile_all.sh => profile_suite.sh} (100%)

diff --git a/scripts/profile_all.sh b/scripts/profile_suite.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from scripts/profile_all.sh
rename to scripts/profile_suite.sh

From 805db547f02151181fdb95539ee3defa845e29da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 14:43:46 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/15] Add --program flag to profile_suite for single-program
 runs

---
 scripts/profile_suite.sh | 19 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/profile_suite.sh b/scripts/profile_suite.sh
index 03ab90f22..399cd2072 100755
--- a/scripts/profile_suite.sh
+++ b/scripts/profile_suite.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 #   /tmp/bench_heap_profile/<program>/
 #   /tmp/bench_timing_profile/<program>/
 #
-# Flags: --no-heap, --no-timing to skip either profile type.
+# Flags:
+#   --no-heap, --no-timing  skip either profile type
+#   --program <name>        run only the given program (default: all)
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
@@ -13,10 +15,12 @@ ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
 
 HEAP=true
 TIMING=true
+ONLY=""
 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
     case $1 in
         --no-heap)   HEAP=false; shift ;;
         --no-timing) TIMING=false; shift ;;
+        --program)   ONLY="$2"; shift 2 ;;
         *) echo "Unknown arg: $1"; exit 1 ;;
     esac
 done
@@ -31,6 +35,19 @@ CONFIGS=(
     "matrix_multiply SIZE            20 40 60 80"
 )
 
+if [ -n "$ONLY" ]; then
+    filtered=()
+    for config in "${CONFIGS[@]}"; do
+        read -r prog _ <<< "$config"
+        [ "$prog" = "$ONLY" ] && filtered+=("$config")
+    done
+    if [ ${#filtered[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+        echo "Error: unknown program '$ONLY'" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    CONFIGS=("${filtered[@]}")
+fi
+
 GREEN='\033[0;32m'
 NC='\033[0m'
 

From 7b4318b4510ee26337d003984bf381250b24a84f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:05:18 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/15] Wipe tmp dirs in profile_suite to drop stale results

---
 scripts/profile_suite.sh | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/scripts/profile_suite.sh b/scripts/profile_suite.sh
index 399cd2072..728805ed4 100755
--- a/scripts/profile_suite.sh
+++ b/scripts/profile_suite.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ NC='\033[0m'
 FEATURES="instruments"
 $HEAP && FEATURES="jemalloc-stats,instruments"
 
+# Clear stale results so only the current run's data remains.
+$HEAP   && rm -rf /tmp/bench_heap_profile
+$TIMING && rm -rf /tmp/bench_timing_profile
+
 echo -e "${GREEN}Building CLI with $FEATURES...${NC}"
 cargo build --release -p cli --features "$FEATURES" \
     --manifest-path "$ROOT_DIR/Cargo.toml" 2>&1 | tail -1

From 79f619c0c92227abfcc8ee005c6766ba20196420 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2026 16:40:29 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 11/15] Reject unknown --program in profile scripts

---
 scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh   | 5 +++++
 scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh b/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh
index 561b46ca3..09e22d030 100755
--- a/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh
+++ b/scripts/bench_heap_profile.sh
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
     esac
 done
 
+case $PROGRAM in
+    fib_iterative|keccak|modular_exp|bitwise_ops|matrix_multiply) ;;
+    *) echo "Error: unknown --program '$PROGRAM'" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+esac
+
 # Set defaults and ELF directory based on program
 if [ "$PROGRAM" = "fib_iterative" ]; then
     ELF_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/program_artifacts/asm"
diff --git a/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
index 0e84e4ab2..f767bc979 100755
--- a/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
+++ b/scripts/bench_timing_profile.sh
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
     esac
 done
 
+case $PROGRAM in
+    fib_iterative|keccak|modular_exp|bitwise_ops|matrix_multiply) ;;
+    *) echo "Error: unknown --program '$PROGRAM'" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+esac
+
 # Set defaults and ELF directory based on program
 if [ "$PROGRAM" = "fib_iterative" ]; then
     ELF_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/executor/program_artifacts/asm"

From 08552da5f7963025c13a54d47c5d43f1c28db7c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2026 16:40:29 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 12/15] Assert digit range in bench program const parse

---
 executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs | 1 +
 executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs      | 1 +
 executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs | 1 +
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs
index 622d59b8e..1bf0112ab 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/bitwise_ops/src/main.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ const ITERATIONS: usize = {
         let mut r = 0;
         let mut i = 0;
         while i < b.len() {
+            assert!(b[i] >= b'0' && b[i] <= b'9');
             r = r * 10 + (b[i] - b'0') as usize;
             i += 1;
         }
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs b/executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs
index e497eb0e5..71f2bad7f 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/keccak/src/main.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ const ITERATIONS: usize = {
         let mut r = 0;
         let mut i = 0;
         while i < b.len() {
+            assert!(b[i] >= b'0' && b[i] <= b'9');
             r = r * 10 + (b[i] - b'0') as usize;
             i += 1;
         }
diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs
index 6af21968e..e0057db05 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/modular_exp/src/main.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ const NUM_ITERATIONS: usize = {
         let mut r = 0;
         let mut i = 0;
         while i < b.len() {
+            assert!(b[i] >= b'0' && b[i] <= b'9');
             r = r * 10 + (b[i] - b'0') as usize;
             i += 1;
         }

From 1f019e168120b528a4b65572914b56d02ae71682 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2026 16:40:29 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 13/15] Add stack overflow note and digit assert in
 matrix_multiply

---
 executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs
index b6e50ebcb..7bc528b66 100644
--- a/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs
+++ b/executor/programs/bench/matrix_multiply/src/main.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 use lambda_vm_syscalls as syscalls;
 
+// Three SIZE×SIZE u32 matrices live on the stack (~12·SIZE² bytes).
+// SIZE ≲ 150 is safe; beyond that, expect stack overflow.
 const SIZE: usize = {
     const fn parse(s: &str) -> usize {
         let b = s.as_bytes();
         let mut r = 0;
         let mut i = 0;
         while i < b.len() {
+            assert!(b[i] >= b'0' && b[i] <= b'9');
             r = r * 10 + (b[i] - b'0') as usize;
             i += 1;
         }

From 991ed401db2f4973d9597e8c913c6435f999a4ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2026 17:30:48 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 14/15] Allow profile_suite.sh to take multiple --program flags

---
 scripts/profile_suite.sh | 30 +++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/profile_suite.sh b/scripts/profile_suite.sh
index 728805ed4..6b135590c 100755
--- a/scripts/profile_suite.sh
+++ b/scripts/profile_suite.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 #
 # Flags:
 #   --no-heap, --no-timing  skip either profile type
-#   --program <name>        run only the given program (default: all)
+#   --program <name>        run only the given program; repeat to select several
+#                           (default: all programs)
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
@@ -15,12 +16,12 @@ ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
 
 HEAP=true
 TIMING=true
-ONLY=""
+ONLY_LIST=()
 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
     case $1 in
         --no-heap)   HEAP=false; shift ;;
         --no-timing) TIMING=false; shift ;;
-        --program)   ONLY="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+        --program)   ONLY_LIST+=("$2"); shift 2 ;;
         *) echo "Unknown arg: $1"; exit 1 ;;
     esac
 done
@@ -35,16 +36,23 @@ CONFIGS=(
     "matrix_multiply SIZE            20 40 60 80"
 )
 
-if [ -n "$ONLY" ]; then
+if [ ${#ONLY_LIST[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
     filtered=()
-    for config in "${CONFIGS[@]}"; do
-        read -r prog _ <<< "$config"
-        [ "$prog" = "$ONLY" ] && filtered+=("$config")
+    for only in "${ONLY_LIST[@]}"; do
+        found=false
+        for config in "${CONFIGS[@]}"; do
+            read -r prog _ <<< "$config"
+            if [ "$prog" = "$only" ]; then
+                filtered+=("$config")
+                found=true
+                break
+            fi
+        done
+        if ! $found; then
+            echo "Error: unknown program '$only'" >&2
+            exit 1
+        fi
     done
-    if [ ${#filtered[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
-        echo "Error: unknown program '$ONLY'" >&2
-        exit 1
-    fi
     CONFIGS=("${filtered[@]}")
 fi
 

From b4f64cb74d0a4e0f4d9d13c0156c0e8efd53a70e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gabrielbosio <gabrielbosio95@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2026 17:30:48 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 15/15] Add /bench-suite PR command to run profile suite

---
 .github/workflows/benchmark-pr.yml | 129 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 129 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/benchmark-pr.yml b/.github/workflows/benchmark-pr.yml
index 9129a73d4..ed111c592 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/benchmark-pr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/benchmark-pr.yml
@@ -41,12 +41,14 @@ jobs:
   benchmark:
     runs-on: [self-hosted, bench]
     # Skip unless: push to main, workflow_dispatch, or "/bench" comment on a PR
+    # (but not "/bench-suite", which runs benchmark_suite below)
     if: >-
       github.event_name == 'push' ||
       github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
       (github.event_name == 'issue_comment' &&
        github.event.issue.pull_request &&
        startsWith(github.event.comment.body, '/bench') &&
+       !startsWith(github.event.comment.body, '/bench-suite') &&
        contains(fromJSON('["MEMBER","OWNER","COLLABORATOR"]'), github.event.comment.author_association))
     steps:
       - name: React to comment
@@ -812,3 +814,130 @@ jobs:
                 body
               });
             }
+
+  benchmark_suite:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, bench]
+    # Triggered by "/bench-suite [prog ...]" PR comments.
+    # Programs default to the full suite; pass names to restrict.
+    if: >-
+      github.event_name == 'issue_comment' &&
+      github.event.issue.pull_request &&
+      startsWith(github.event.comment.body, '/bench-suite') &&
+      contains(fromJSON('["MEMBER","OWNER","COLLABORATOR"]'), github.event.comment.author_association)
+    steps:
+      - name: React to comment
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        with:
+          script: |
+            await github.rest.reactions.createForIssueComment({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              comment_id: context.payload.comment.id,
+              content: 'eyes'
+            });
+
+      - name: Get PR head ref
+        id: pr-ref
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          PR_NUM: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+        run: |
+          SHA=$(gh pr view "$PR_NUM" --repo "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" --json headRefOid -q .headRefOid)
+          echo "sha=$SHA" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ steps.pr-ref.outputs.sha }}
+
+      - name: Parse program args
+        id: args
+        env:
+          COMMENT_BODY: ${{ github.event.comment.body }}
+        run: |
+          FIRST_LINE=$(printf '%s' "$COMMENT_BODY" | head -n 1 | tr -d '\r')
+          if ! echo "$FIRST_LINE" | grep -qE '^/bench-suite($|[[:space:]])'; then
+            echo "::error::Invalid command: '$FIRST_LINE'"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          REST=$(echo "$FIRST_LINE" | sed -n 's|^/bench-suite[[:space:]]*\(.*\)|\1|p')
+          FLAGS=""
+          if [ -n "$REST" ]; then
+            for p in $REST; do
+              case "$p" in
+                fib_iterative|keccak|modular_exp|bitwise_ops|matrix_multiply)
+                  FLAGS="$FLAGS --program $p"
+                  ;;
+                *)
+                  echo "::error::Unknown program '$p' (allowed: fib_iterative, keccak, modular_exp, bitwise_ops, matrix_multiply)"
+                  exit 1
+                  ;;
+              esac
+            done
+          fi
+          echo "flags=$FLAGS" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Add cargo to PATH
+        run: echo "$HOME/.cargo/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Compile fib_iterative ELFs
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p executor/program_artifacts/asm
+          for size in 500k 1M 2M; do
+            SRC="executor/programs/asm/fib_iterative_${size}.s"
+            OUT="executor/program_artifacts/asm/fib_iterative_${size}.elf"
+            if [ ! -f "$OUT" ] && [ -f "$SRC" ]; then
+              clang --target=riscv64 -march=rv64im -fuse-ld=lld -nostdlib -Wl,-e,main \
+                "$SRC" -o "$OUT"
+            fi
+          done
+
+      - name: Run profile suite
+        env:
+          FLAGS: ${{ steps.args.outputs.flags }}
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          bash scripts/profile_suite.sh $FLAGS 2>&1 | tee /tmp/suite_output.txt
+
+      - name: Package artifacts
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p /tmp/suite_artifact
+          [ -f /tmp/suite_output.txt ] && cp /tmp/suite_output.txt /tmp/suite_artifact/
+          [ -d /tmp/bench_heap_profile ] && cp -r /tmp/bench_heap_profile /tmp/suite_artifact/
+          [ -d /tmp/bench_timing_profile ] && cp -r /tmp/bench_timing_profile /tmp/suite_artifact/
+
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: profile-suite-${{ steps.pr-ref.outputs.sha }}
+          path: /tmp/suite_artifact/
+          retention-days: 30
+
+      - name: Post PR comment
+        if: success()
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        env:
+          ARTIFACT_URL: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            let out = fs.readFileSync('/tmp/suite_output.txt', 'utf8');
+            out = out.replace(/\x1b\[[0-9;]*m/g, '');
+            const LIMIT = 58000;
+            const truncated = out.length > LIMIT;
+            const body = truncated ? out.slice(0, LIMIT) : out;
+            const artifactUrl = process.env.ARTIFACT_URL;
+            let comment = `## Profile suite\n\n\`\`\`text\n${body}\n\`\`\`\n`;
+            if (truncated) {
+              comment += `\n> Output truncated. Full output in [workflow artifacts](${artifactUrl}).\n`;
+            } else {
+              comment += `\n<sub>Full artifacts in [workflow run](${artifactUrl}).</sub>\n`;
+            }
+            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: context.issue.number,
+              body: comment,
+            });