diff --git a/src/zarr/storage/_obstore.py b/src/zarr/storage/_obstore.py
index 7ef0b40628..9568513d9b 100644
--- a/src/zarr/storage/_obstore.py
+++ b/src/zarr/storage/_obstore.py
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ async def _transform_list_dir(
     # We assume that the underlying object-store implementation correctly handles the
     # prefix, so we don't double-check that the returned results actually start with the
     # given prefix.
-    prefixes = [obj.lstrip(prefix).lstrip("/") for obj in list_result["common_prefixes"]]
+    prefixes = [obj.removeprefix(prefix).lstrip("/") for obj in list_result["common_prefixes"]]
     objects = [obj["path"].removeprefix(prefix).lstrip("/") for obj in list_result["objects"]]
     for item in prefixes + objects:
         yield item
diff --git a/tests/test_store/test_object.py b/tests/test_store/test_object.py
index 3217069c2d..756f6309e3 100644
--- a/tests/test_store/test_object.py
+++ b/tests/test_store/test_object.py
@@ -86,6 +86,24 @@ async def test_store_getsize_prefix(self, store: ObjectStore) -> None:
         assert total_size == len(buf) * 2
 
 
+async def test_list_dir_with_nested_prefix(tmpdir):
+    """Regression test for https://github.com/zarr-developers/zarr-python/issues/3753.
+
+    list_dir must not corrupt directory names when prefix shares characters
+    with child names, which happened because lstrip strips characters not prefixes.
+    """
+    store = ObjectStore(LocalStore(prefix=str(tmpdir)))
+
+    buf = cpu.Buffer.from_bytes(b"\x01")
+    await store.set("subdir/data.zarr/zarr.json", buf)
+    await store.set("subdir/data.zarr/temp/zarr.json", buf)
+    await store.set("subdir/data.zarr/temp/c/0/0", buf)
+
+    results = sorted([item async for item in store.list_dir("subdir/data.zarr")])
+    assert "temp" in results, f"Expected 'temp' in {results}"
+    assert "zarr.json" in results
+
+
 @pytest.mark.slow_hypothesis
 def test_zarr_hierarchy():
     sync_store = ObjectStore(MemoryStore())