fix(orm): split jsonb_build_object calls exceeding PostgreSQL 100-arg limit

When including a nested relation with 51+ columns, the generated
jsonb_build_object call would exceed PostgreSQL's FUNC_MAX_ARGS limit
of 100 (error code 54023). Fix by chunking the key-value pairs into
groups of 50 and concatenating the resulting jsonb objects with ||.

Fixes #2524

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: ymc9

packages/orm/src/client/crud/dialects/postgresql.ts

@@ -335,10 +335,25 @@ export class PostgresCrudDialect<Schema extends SchemaDef> extends LateralJoinDi
     }
 
     override buildJsonObject(value: Record<string, Expression<unknown>>) {
-        return this.eb.fn(
-            'jsonb_build_object',
-            Object.entries(value).flatMap(([key, value]) => [sql.lit(key), value]),
-        );
+        const entries = Object.entries(value);
+
+        // PostgreSQL's FUNC_MAX_ARGS limit is 100. jsonb_build_object takes key-value pairs,
+        // so at most 50 pairs (100 args) fit in one call. Split larger objects and merge with ||.
+        const MAX_PAIRS = 50;
+
+        const buildChunk = (chunk: [string, Expression<unknown>][]) =>
+            this.eb.fn('jsonb_build_object', chunk.flatMap(([k, v]) => [sql.lit(k), v]));
+
+        if (entries.length <= MAX_PAIRS) {
+            return buildChunk(entries);
+        }
+
+        const chunks: Expression<unknown>[] = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < entries.length; i += MAX_PAIRS) {
+            chunks.push(buildChunk(entries.slice(i, i + MAX_PAIRS)));
+        }
+
+        return chunks.reduce((acc, chunk) => sql`${acc} || ${chunk}`) as AliasableExpression<unknown>;
     }
 
     override castInt<T extends Expression<any>>(expression: T): T {

tests/regression/test/issue-2524.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { createTestClient } from '@zenstackhq/testtools';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+// https://github.com/zenstackhq/zenstack/issues/2524
+describe('Regression for issue #2524', () => {
+    it('should not exceed PostgreSQL 100-argument limit when including a relation with 51+ columns', async () => {
+        // jsonb_build_object takes key-value pairs, so 51 columns = 102 arguments,
+        // exceeding PostgreSQL's FUNC_MAX_ARGS limit of 100 (error code 54023)
+        const db = await createTestClient(
+            `
+model Post {
+    id           String        @id @default(cuid())
+    opportunities Opportunity[]
+}
+
+model Opportunity {
+    id     String  @id @default(cuid())
+    postId String
+    post   Post    @relation(fields: [postId], references: [id])
+    col01  String  @default("")
+    col02  String  @default("")
+    col03  String  @default("")
+    col04  String  @default("")
+    col05  String  @default("")
+    col06  String  @default("")
+    col07  String  @default("")
+    col08  String  @default("")
+    col09  String  @default("")
+    col10  String  @default("")
+    col11  String  @default("")
+    col12  String  @default("")
+    col13  String  @default("")
+    col14  String  @default("")
+    col15  String  @default("")
+    col16  String  @default("")
+    col17  String  @default("")
+    col18  String  @default("")
+    col19  String  @default("")
+    col20  String  @default("")
+    col21  String  @default("")
+    col22  String  @default("")
+    col23  String  @default("")
+    col24  String  @default("")
+    col25  String  @default("")
+    col26  String  @default("")
+    col27  String  @default("")
+    col28  String  @default("")
+    col29  String  @default("")
+    col30  String  @default("")
+    col31  String  @default("")
+    col32  String  @default("")
+    col33  String  @default("")
+    col34  String  @default("")
+    col35  String  @default("")
+    col36  String  @default("")
+    col37  String  @default("")
+    col38  String  @default("")
+    col39  String  @default("")
+    col40  String  @default("")
+    col41  String  @default("")
+    col42  String  @default("")
+    col43  String  @default("")
+    col44  String  @default("")
+    col45  String  @default("")
+    col46  String  @default("")
+    col47  String  @default("")
+    col48  String  @default("")
+    col49  String  @default("")
+    col50  String  @default("")
+    col51  String  @default("")
+}
+            `,
+            { usePrismaPush: true },
+        );
+
+        await db.post.create({
+            data: {
+                opportunities: {
+                    create: [{}],
+                },
+            },
+        });
+
+        // This should not throw PostgreSQL error 54023:
+        // "cannot pass more than 100 arguments to a function"
+        const result = await db.post.findMany({
+            include: { opportunities: true },
+        });
+
+        expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(result[0].opportunities).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+});