PostgreSQL error 54023 (cannot pass more than 100 arguments to a function) on wide nested relations

[Natansal]

[Bug]: PostgreSQL error 54023 (cannot pass more than 100 arguments to a function) on wide nested relations

Description

When using ZenStack v3 with the PostgreSQL, querying a model that includes a nested relation with more than 50 columns causes a database crash.

ZenStack generates a jsonb_build_object function call to map the relation's columns into a JSON object. Because jsonb_build_object takes key-value pairs as individual arguments, a table with 55 columns results in 110 arguments. This exceeds PostgreSQL's hardcoded FUNC_MAX_ARGS limit of 100, throwing error 54023.

Environment

• ZenStack Version: v3.x (specifically v3.4.5)
• Database: PostgreSQL
• Framework: NestJS

Steps to Reproduce

1. Define a Prisma/ZenStack schema with a base model and a related model that contains 51+ columns.

   model Association {
     id String @id @default(uuid())
     opportunities Opportunity[]
     // ... other fields
   }
   
   model Opportunity {
     id String @id @default(uuid())
     associationRequestedId String
     association Association @relation(fields: [associationRequestedId], references: [id])
     // ... define 50+ additional columns here
   }
   

2. Execute a find query that includes the wide relation:

await db.association.findMany({
  where: { /* conditions */ },
  include: { opportunities: true }
});

Expected Behavior

The query should execute successfully and return the nested relations. The query generator should ideally handle wide tables by using to_jsonb("TableName".*) or by concatenating multiple jsonb_build_object calls (e.g., jsonb_build_object(...) || jsonb_build_object(...)) to bypass the 100-argument limit.

Actual Behavior

The application crashes with the following error:

ORMError: Failed to execute query: Error: Failed to execute query: error: cannot pass more than 100 arguments to a function
  dbErrorCode: '54023',
  routine: 'ParseFuncOrColumn'

Generated SQL snippet causing the issue:

left join lateral (
  select coalesce(jsonb_agg(
    jsonb_build_object(
      'id', "$$t4"."id", 
      'imageId', "$$t4"."imageId", 
      -- ... >50 key/value pairs resulting in >100 arguments ...
      'updatedAt', "$$t4"."updatedAt"
    )
  ), '[]'::jsonb) as "$data"
  -- ...
)

[evgenovalov]

I have the same issue on related model with 100+ columns. I only found 2 workarounds:

• either: to directly request my model of 100+ columns → no jsonb_build_object because it's top-level model
• either: to use select to pick only columns I need (because I need only a part of the columns)

But in some cases, this may not help.

---

In terms of ZenStack, solution might be:

• to detect limit of 100 arguments
• to split calls:

-- instead of:
jsonb_build_object(k1, v1, k2, v2, ... k55, v55)

-- to combine objects together:
jsonb_build_object(k1, v1, ... k50, v50)
  || jsonb_build_object(k51, v51, ... k55, v55)

[ymc9]

Fixed in 3.5.5